Deck 11: Families and Intimate Relationships

Question 1

Sociologists find that men and women are equally likely to express their feelings of love verbally.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

When computing statistics on the composition of U.S. households, foster parents and children are considered relatives.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Kissing is not a culturally universal demonstration of intimacy and affection.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The majority of elder abuse occurs in the home, not in institutions.

Question 5

Over the last fifty years in the United States, the number of households comprised of single men and single women living alone has been increasing.

Question 6

Periods of national financial recession are always periods of increased rates of divorce.

Question 7

Most U.S. family households are made up of a married couple with one or more children under the age of 18.

Question 8

There is no evidence to support the assumption that children are better off living with a same-sex parent after a divorce.

Question 9

The divorce rate in the United States has been steadily increasing since the early twentieth century.

Question 10

Researchers find that married couples construct a shared reality that reflects the perspective of both partners.

Question 11

Today, most domestic violence is reported to the police, so we have more accurate statistics about violence in the home.

Question 12

Not all people without children consider themselves childfree.

Question 13

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is egalitarian-which is a family structure where partners share power and authority
​

Question 14

Sexual expression and parent-child relationships are not necessarily part of all family elationships.

Question 15

Studies over the past decade have supported the proposition that couples who cohabit before marriage have a more stable relationship following marriage.

Question 16

Most people who get divorced also get remarried.

Question 17

Research suggests that those people in sustained relationships such as marriage and cohabitation find sexual activity to be the most satisfying emotionally and physically.

Question 18

As increasing percentages of women work full time, even those with children under age 6, men have taken on relatively equal amounts of domestic chores.

Question 19

Despite the wide variety of reasons people have for getting married, the choice of who they will marry is fairly predictable.

Question 20

Although the family of orientation is based exclusively on blood ties, the family of procreation may be based on both blood and legal ties​

Question 21

In the United States, the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is __________.

A) ​secular
B) ​heterosexual
C) ​polygamous
D) ​monogamous

Question 22

To more accurately reflect the changes in family life, the text provides a more encompassing definition of what constitutes a family. This definition is:__________________________.

A) ​a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household
B) ​a group of people that consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
C) ​a relationship in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group
D) ​a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption

Question 23

__________ often include grandparents, uncles, aunts, or other relatives who live close to the parents and children, making it possible for family members to share resources.

A) ​Blended families
B) ​Extended families
C) ​Conventional families
D) ​Nuclear families

Question 24

Comparing 1970 data with 2012 data, the Census Bureau identified a noticeable decline in the number of married-couple households with their own children living with them. This type of household decreased from about 40 percent in 1970 to about __________ in 2011.

A) ​5 percent
B) ​10 percent
C) ​20 percent
D) ​35 percent

Question 25

With the advent of industrialization and urbanization, maintaining the __________ family pattern becomes more difficult. Increasingly, young people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment in the industrializing sector of the economy. At that time, the __________ family typically becomes the predominant family pattern in the society.

A) ​blended; extended
B) ​extended; nuclear
C) ​nuclear; conventional
D) ​nuclear; extended

Question 26

What constitutes a "family" has been widely debated. For many years, the standard sociological definition of family was __________.

A) ​a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption
B) ​a group of people who are related to one another by bonds of blood, marriage, or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children
C) ​a group of people that consists of a husband and wife, children from previous marriages, and children (if any) from the new marriage
D) ​a social network of people into which a person is born, composed of relatives, parents, and children who live in the same household

Question 27

According to sociologist Judy Root Aulette, "families we choose" include blood ties and legal ties, but they also include __________, persons who are not actually related by blood but who are accepted as family members.

A) ​informal kin
B) ​secondary kin
C) ​fictive kin
D) ​generalized kin

Question 28

In horticultural and agricultural societies, __________ are extremely important. Having alarge number of family members participate in food production may be essential for survival.

A) ​nuclear families
B) ​blended families
C) ​conventional families
D) ​extended families

Question 29

The term __________ refers to a network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

A) ​subsistence
B) ​lineage
C) ​kinship
D) ​heritage

Question 30

In the United States, the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is __________, which refers to a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.

A) ​homogamy
B) ​polygamy
C) ​monogamy
D) ​polyandry

Question 31

__________ is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.

A) ​Marriage
B) ​Cohabitation
C) ​Trial separation
D) ​Monogamous experimentation

Question 32

The __________ is the family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.

A) ​family of orientation
B) ​nuclear family
C) ​family of procreation
D) ​extended family

Question 33

In preindustrial societies, __________ provides the primary basis for social organization.

A) ​subsistence
B) ​lineage
C) ​kinship
D) ​heritage

Question 34

The __________ refers to family units that are composed of various relatives, in addition to parents and children, who live in the same household.

A) ​blended family
B) ​conventional family
C) ​extended family
D) ​nuclear family

Question 35

Today, most sociologists would consider two gay men and their adopted children, sharing the same household, to be a __________ family.

A) ​nuclear
B) ​extended
C) ​patrilineal
D) ​blended

Question 36

__________ refers to family units composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives.

A) ​Nuclear family
B) ​Conventional family
C) ​Extended family
D) ​Blended family

Question 37

A comparison of Census Bureau data from 1970 to 2012 shows that there has been __________ in the percentage of U.S. households comprised of a married couple with their own children under eighteen years of age.

A) ​a significant increase
B) ​a very minor increase
C) ​a significant decline
D) ​basically no change

Question 38

The __________ is the family that a person forms by having or adopting children of his or her own.

A) ​blended family
B) ​family of orientation
C) ​extended family
D) ​family of procreation

Question 39

__________ are responsible primarily for regulating sexual activity, socializing children, and providing affection and companionship for members.

A) ​Preindustrial families
B) ​Agricultural families
C) ​Hunting and gathering families
D) ​Contemporary families

Question 40

Rachael lives with her mother and her mother's parents, all in the same household. Sociologists would say that Rachael lives in a(n) __________ family.

A) ​nuclear
B) ​extended
C) ​patrilineal
D) ​blended

Question 41

Bubba married his high school sweetheart, and they have been faithful to each other for 30 years. Their marriage is considered to be __________.

A) ​polygamous
B) ​monogamous
C) ​homogamous
D) ​polyandrous

Question 42

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is __________. Across cultures, men are the primary decision makers regarding domestic, economic, and social concerns facing the family.

A) ​oligarchy
B) ​matriarchy
C) ​egalitarianism
D) ​patriarchy

Question 43

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families. __________ residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

A) ​Matrilocal
B) ​Patrilocal
C) ​Multilocal
D) ​Neolocall

Question 44

In __________ systems, inheritance of property and position is usually traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son). In some cases, mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

A) ​matricentric
B) ​matrilocal
C) ​matrilineal
D) ​matriarchal

Question 45

Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice __________-a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

A) ​sequential coupling
B) ​serial monogamy
C) ​marriage seriation
D) ​polygamy

Question 46

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

A) ​Endogamy
B) ​Polyandry
C) ​Homogamy
D) ​Polygyny

Question 47

Although there has been a great deal of discussion about __________, scholars have found no historical evidence to indicate that true types of this familial power and authority ever existed.

A) ​patriarchal families
B) ​egalitarian families
C) ​matriarchal families
D) ​homogamous families

Question 48

__________ is the term for concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

A) ​Monogamy
B) ​Homogamy
C) ​Endogamy
D) ​Polygamy

Question 49

In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally). The most common pattern of unilineal descent is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

A) ​patriarchal descent
B) ​patrilineal descent
C) ​patrilocal descent
D) ​patricentric descent

Question 50

__________ descent is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights; however, children typically take the father's last name.

A) ​Bilateral
B) ​Duo-lateral
C) ​Matrilineal
D) ​Neolateral

Question 51

In a(n) __________, the male authority figure acts as head of the household and holds power and authority over the women and children, as well as over other males.

A) ​matriarchal family
B) ​homogamous family
C) ​patriarchal family
D) ​egalitarian family

Question 52

The most prevalent form of polygamy is __________.

A) ​polyandry
B) ​homogamy
C) ​polygyny
D) ​endogamy

Question 53

__________ systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

A) ​Patrilineal
B) ​Patrilocal
C) ​Patricentric
D) ​Patriarchal

Question 54

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

A) ​patriarchal
B) ​matriarchal
C) ​egalitarian
D) ​homogamous

Question 55

Even with the less common pattern of __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, women may not control property.

A) ​matriarchal descent
B) ​matricentric descent
C) ​matrilocal descent
D) ​matrilineal descent

Question 56

__________ is very rare. When it does occur, it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide.

A) ​Polyandry
B) ​Homogamy
C) ​Endogamy
D) Polygyny

Question 57

Across cultures, __________ is the most common residential pattern.

A) ​matrilocal residence
B) multilocal residence
C) ​neolocal residence
D) ​patrilocal residence

Question 58

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally). The most common form is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

A) ​lateral descent
B) ​bilateral descent
C) ​matrilocal descent
D) ​neolocal descent

Question 59

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

A) ​patriarchal
B) ​matriarchal
C) ​egalitarian
D) ​homogamous

Question 60

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.

A) ​Endogamy
B) ​Polyandry
C) ​Homogamy
D) ​Polygyny

Question 61

Emile Durkheim saw the family as a microcosm of society. He argued that, much like in society generally,____________________________.

A) ​marriage life is a shared reality created through the interaction of marital partners
B) ​females are socialized to be passive and males are socialized to be aggressive
C) ​a division of labor contributes to greater efficiency in marriages and families
D) ​men's domination over women existed long before private ownership of property and capitalism

Question 62

Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead provided insight into the family roles, and these are modified or adapted to the expectations of others-especially significant others such as parents, grandparents, and siblings. This is the foundation of the​__________ perspective on the family.

A) ​postmodern
B) ​symbolic interactionist
C) ​conflict theory
D) ​functionalist

Question 63

Families are expected to regulate the sexual activity of their members and thus ensure that reproduction takes place within specific boundaries. Incest taboos are an example of this type of regulation that takes place at the __________.

A) ​mesolevel
B) ​microlevel
C) ​macrolevel
D) ​metalevel

Question 64

Although their perspectives are very different, functionalists and conflict theorists would likely agree that___________________________.

A) ​the family is the source of emotional support
B) ​a person's social status, particularly ascribed status, is determined by the family
C) ​families socialize children to be productive members of society
D) ​most families are extremely dysfunctional

Question 65

In a stereotypically conventional marriage, the husband/father meets the family's economic needs, makes important decisions, and provides leadership. Talcott Parsons termed this the __________.

A) ​egalitarian role
B) ​expressive role
C) ​authoritarian role
D) ​instrumental role

Question 66

The cultural practice of marrying outside of one's own group is termed __________.

A) ​exogamy
B) ​homogamy
C) ​heterogamy
D) ​endogamy

Question 67

Which of these is not considered a function of the family in advanced industrial societies?​

A) ​sexual regulation
B) ​economic and psychological support
C) ​provision of social status
D) ​guaranteed reproduction

Question 68

Functionalist theorists recognize that the function of the family is sometimes different in preindustrial and industrial societies. In preindustrial societies, families are units for__________; in industrial societies, families provide economic security through the workplace and the larger economic system.

A) ​economic production
B) ​emotional support
C) ​financial security
D) ​dysfunctions

Question 69

Symbolic interactionists Berger and Kellner highlight the importance of __________ for a arital relationship.

A) ​joint finances
B) ​children
C) ​constructing a shared reality
D) ​roles of power and authority

Question 70

In a stereotypically conventional family, the wife/mother runs the household, cares for children, and meets the emotional needs of family members. Talcott Parsons termed this the __________.

A) ​authoritarian role
B) ​expressive role
C) ​instrumental role
D) ​egalitarian role

Question 71

The __________ perspective places important emphasis on the role of parents and other relatives of teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive in society.

A) ​functionalist
B) ​symbolic interactionist
C) ​conflict
D) ​postmodern

Question 72

__________ theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well-being of individuals.

A) ​Symbolic interactionist
B) ​Conflict
C) ​Functionalist
D) ​Postmodern

Question 73

Feminist explanations of family problems, such as high rates of divorce and overall family instability, focus on __________.

A) ​how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes to family problems
B) ​the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C) ​the way that definitions of the family are socially constructed and impact family life
D) ​patriarchy and how men's domination over women contributes to inequalities in families

Question 74

A significant difference between conflict and feminist perspectives on the family and functionalist perspectives on the family is that___________________.

A) ​functionalists do not recognize the role that the family plays in regulating reproduction
B) ​functionalists are much more realistic than the others about the potential for problems in the family
C) ​conflict and feminist theorists view the functionalist perspective as unrealistic in its emphasis on support and harmony within the family
D) ​conflict and feminist theory does not address the family and functionalism does

Question 75

The cultural practice of marrying within one's own group is called __________.

A) ​exogamy
B) ​homogamy
C) ​endogamy
D) ​heterogamy

Question 76

Few societies have residential patterns known as __________ residence, which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

A) ​neolocal
B) ​matrilocal
C) ​patrilocal
D) ​multilocal

Question 77

In industrialized nations such as the United States, most couples hope to live in a/an __________, which is the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

A) ​neolocal residence
B) ​multilocal residence
C) ​patrilocal residence
D) ​matrilocal residence

Question 78

In the United States, most people practice __________; they marry people who come from the same social class, racial/ethnic group, religious affiliation, and other categories considered important within their own social group.

A) ​exogamy
B) ​polygamy
C) ​heterogamy
D) ​endogamy

Question 79

Conflict theory explains family problems, such as divorce and overall family instability, by pointing out_____________________________.

A) ​how exploitation of the lower classes by the upper classes contributes tofamily problems
B) ​the relationship between family troubles and changes in other social institutions, such as the economy, religion, and law
C) ​that definitions of the family are socially constructed and impact family life
D) ​the diversity and fragmentation of families

Question 80

__________ analyze family influence on an individual's self-concept and identity. From this perspective, what people think, as well as what they say and do, is very important in understanding family dynamics.

A) ​Functionalists
B) ​Postmodern theorists
C) ​Conflict theorists
D) ​Symbolic interactionists