Question 1

The erosive process of perimylolysis primarily involves which of the following surfaces of the teeth?&#10;A) facial and buccal surfaces of maxillary teeth&#10;B) lingual surfaces of maxillary teeth&#10;C) facial and buccal surfaces of mandibular teeth&#10;D) lingual surfaces of mandibular teeth

Accepted Answer

Perimylolysis is an erosive pattern involving the lingual surfaces of the teeth,primarily the maxillary teeth because the tongue protects the mandibular teeth.In some cases,erosion also can affect the occlusal surfaces of molar and premolar teeth,where the process can be accelerated by attrition.

Question 2

Which part of the brain appears to be most closely involved in acute panic attacks?&#10;A) corpus callosum&#10;B) medulla oblongata&#10;C) locus coeruleus&#10;D) pons

Accepted Answer

The locus coeruleus,a brainstem structure that contains most of the noradrenergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS),appears to be involved in panic attacks and anxiety.Panic and anxiety may be correlated with dysregulated firing of the locus coeruleus caused by input from multiple sources,including peripheral autonomic afferents,medullary afferents,and serotonergic fibers.

Question 3

Which of the following types of medications are the standard agents for antianxiety therapy?&#10;A) sedative-hypnotics&#10;B) antihistamines&#10;C) beta blockers&#10;D) benzodiazepines

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are used to treat various anxiety states.Benzodiazepines are used for the treatment of anticipatory anxiety associated with panic disorder.They also are used in the treatment of other forms of anxiety associated with panic disorder and for anxiety symptoms in patients with phobic disorder.Diazepam is the standard agent for antianxiety therapy.

Question 4

Which of the following are characteristic of acute stress disorder (ASD),in contrast to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
1.Symptoms of ASD are of shorter duration than symptoms of PTSD.
2.Symptoms of PTSD are of shorter duration than symptoms of ASD.
3.Symptoms of ASD emerge more rapidly after the trauma than symptoms of PTSD.
4.Symptoms of PTSD emerge more rapidly after the trauma than symptoms of ASD.

A) 1, 3
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3
D) 2, 4

Accepted Answer

Acute stress disorder also develops after exposure of the patient to a traumatic event,and specific signs and symptoms resemble those of PTSD.In acute stress disorder,however,symptoms are of shorter duration and emerge more rapidly after the trauma.The symptomatic period is limited to the period during which the stressful event is occurring and in its immediate aftermath.

Question 5

Which of the following is/are true of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?&#10;A) Induced vomiting is associated with bulimia nervosa.&#10;B) Anorexia nervosa is characterized by the medical sequelae of starvation.&#10;C) Anorexia nervosa is more common than bulimia nervosa.&#10;D) a and b&#10;E) b and c

Accepted Answer

In bulimia nervosa,attempts at restriction are interspersed with binge eating followed by various methods of trying to rid the body of food.These include induced vomiting and use of laxatives and diuretics.Anorexia nervosa is characterized by severe restriction of food intake,leading to weight loss and the medical sequelae of starvation.Bulimia nervosa is more common than anorexia nervosa.

Question 6

Buspirone has mixed agonist-antagonist actions at which of the following types of receptors?&#10;A) dopamine&#10;B) serotonin&#10;C) adrenergic&#10;D) cholinergic

Accepted Answer

Buspirone has mixed agonist-antagonist actions at serotonergic receptors that are thought to be involved in anxiety.It appears to have anxiolytic effects that are comparable with those of benzodiazepines,without sedative,anticonvulsant,or muscle relaxant effects.

Question 7

Opioids used for dental sedation or pain control must be administered with caution and in decreased dosage in patients who are taking a benzodiazepine for an anxiety disorder in order to avoid _________.

A) cardiac stimulation
B) overdepression of the CNS
C) liver toxicity
D) renal failure

Accepted Answer

In general barbiturates,opioids,and psychotropic agents potentiate the CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines.Usually the dosage of the medication can be reduced to avoid overdepression of the CNS.The dentist should consult with the patient's physician before using these drug combinations.

Question 8

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of anxiety caused by overactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation rather than sympathetic nervous system stimulation?&#10;A) sweating&#10;B) urinary frequency&#10;C) dilated pupils&#10;D) muscle tension

Accepted Answer

Signs and symptoms of anxiety resulting from stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system include urinary frequency and episodic diarrhea.Signs and symptoms of anxiety caused by overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system include increased heart rate,sweating,dilated pupils,and muscle tension.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a simple phobia?&#10;A) fear of heights&#10;B) fear of needles&#10;C) fear of embarrassing symptoms on leaving home&#10;D) a and b&#10;E) b and c

Accepted Answer

Simple phobias include fear of snakes,heights,flying,darkness,and needles.Agoraphobia is a fear of having distressful or embarrassing symptoms on leaving home.Social phobias may be specific,such as fear of public speaking,or general,such as fear of being embarrassed when with people.

Deck 28: Anxiety, eating Disorders, and Behavioral Reactions to Illness