Deck 5: Genes, Environment, and Common Diseases

Question 1

Which genes are responsible for an autosomal dominant form of breast cancer?

A)LCAT genes
B)CHK1 and CHK2 genes
C)BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
D)TP53 and TP54 genes

Answer 1

BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

Question 2

The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept?

A)Incidence
B)Prevalence
C)Ratio
D)Risk

Answer 2

Prevalence

Question 3

Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle?

A)Sodium intake
B)Physical inactivity
C)Psychosocial stress
D)Obesity

Answer 3

Obesity

Question 4

If a woman has one first-degree relative with breast cancer, her risk of developing breast cancer is _____ times what it would otherwise be.

A)2
B)3
C)6
D)10

Question 5

Environmental modification can reduce risk for developing diseases that have a genetic and environmental component.

Question 6

An autosomal dominant form of breast cancer accounts for ____% of all cases.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 7

The _____ risk of developing a disease is expressed as the ratio of the disease rate among the exposed population to the disease rate in an unexposed population.

A)attributable
B)contingency
C)causal
D)relative

Question 8

When the offspring of a parent with schizophrenia are adopted by parents without schizophrenia, their risk of developing the disease is about 25%, which is about half the risk when they are raised by their biologic parents.

Question 9

Relative risks indicate the percentage of disease cases in the general population that are attributable to a specific risk factor.

Question 10

Some families are more susceptible to colorectal cancer than other families.

Question 11

Cancers that cluster strongly in families include:

A)breast and colon.
B)lung and ovarian.
C)brain and lung.
D)lung and brain.

Question 12

The prevalence rate is the number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific time period.

Question 13

Empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases are based on:

A)chromosomal testing.
B)direct observation.
C)liability thresholds.
D)relative risks.

Question 14

A low-fat and high-fiber diet is thought to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Question 15

Breast cancer manifests in familial patterns.

Question 16

Alzheimer disease is thought to have a genetic predisposition.

Question 17

The blending of multiple genes and environmental influences results in the production of a multifactorial trait.

Question 18

The recurrence risk becomes higher if more than one family member has a multifactorial disease.

Question 19

What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

A)A diet high in saturated fats
B)An increased production of cholesterol by the liver
C)A reduction in the number of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
D)An abnormal function of lipoprotein receptors circulating in the blood

Question 20

The body weight of adopted children correlates significantly with the body weights of their adopted parents.

Question 21

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

A)Ovarian
B)Lung
C)Uterine
D)Pancreatic

Question 22

Studies have identified several genes that play a role in the prevention of obesity by:

A)regulating appetite.
B)metabolizing fat.
C)absorbing fat.
D)altering satiety.

Question 23

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Traits caused by the combined effects of multiple genes

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 24

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
A modifiable risk factor for many diseases

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 25

Obesity acts as an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by:

A)reducing the amount of insulin the pancreas produces.
B)increasing the resistance to insulin by cells.
C)obstructing the outflow of insulin from the pancreas.
D)stimulating the liver to increase glucose production.

Question 26

Studies have shown that offspring of an alcoholic parent when raised by nonalcoholic parents have _____ increased risk of developing alcoholism.

A)no
B)a twofold
C)a fourfold
D)a tenfold

Question 27

What is the action of angiotensin II that increases blood pressure?

A)It stimulates ß1-adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate.
B)It stimulates the release of an ADH that increases water reabsorption.
C)It stimulates the release of aldosterone to increase sodium retention.
D)It inactivates serum bradykinin, causing vasodilation.

Question 28

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Number of new cases (persons) detected with the disease

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 29

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Measure of the effect of a specific risk factor

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 30

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Yields an increased risk for some diseases

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 31

A major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus is that there is:

A)partial insulin secretion.
B)an autoimmune cause factor.
C)insulin resistance.
D)obesity as a common risk factor.

Question 32

The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

A)autoantibodies and HLA associations.
B)autoantibodies and obesity.
C)obesity and positive family history.
D)HLA associations and positive family history.

Question 33

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Number of persons living with the disease

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk

Question 34

Match the terms with the corresponding descriptions.
Risks based on direct observation of data

A)Incidence rate effect of multiple genes
B)Gene-environment interaction
C)Prevalence rate at which some diseases occur
D)Obesity
E)Polygenic
F)Empiric risk
G)Relative risk