Deck 8: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation

Question 1

What is the mechanism in type II hypersensitivity reactions?

A)Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators.
B)Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues.
C)Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokines-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.
D)Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.

Answer 1

Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface.

Question 2

The hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a person who is allergic to bee stings is stung by a bee is called:

A)hemolytic shock.
B)anaphylaxis.
C)necrotizing vasculitis.
D)systemic erythematosus.

Answer 2

anaphylaxis.

Question 3

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when antibodies are formed against red blood cell antigens of the Rh system, the blood vessels are destroyed by:

A)complement-mediated cell lysis.
B)phagocytosis by macrophages.
C)phagocytosis in the spleen.
D)neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.

Answer 3

phagocytosis in the spleen.

Question 4

Atopic individuals tend to produce higher levels of IgM.

Question 5

Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by:

A)IgE.
B)IgG.
C)IgM.
D)T cells.

Question 6

The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions is:

A)IgA.
B)IgE.
C)IgG.
D)IgM.

Question 7

Some forms of severe combined immune deficiency can be caused by a single gene defect.

Question 8

What is a characteristic of atopic individuals who are genetically predisposed to develop allergies?

A)They produce greater quantities of histamine than other individuals.
B)They have more histamine receptors than other individuals.
C)They produce greater quantities of IgE than other individuals.
D)They have a deficiency in epinephrine compared with other individuals.

Question 9

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of the action of _____ receptors.

A)histamine bound to H₂
B)chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis bound to
C)epinephrine bound to mast cell
D)acetylcholine bound to mast cell

Question 10

Blood transfusion reactions are an example of:

A)autoimmunity.
B)alloimmunity.
C)homoimmunity.
D)hypersensitivity

Question 11

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated?

A)Neutrophils
B)Monocytes
C)Eosinophils
D)T lymphocytes

Question 12

Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n):

A)disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens.
B)immunologic reaction of one person to the tissue of another person.
C)altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease.
D)undetectable immune response in the presence of antigens.

Question 13

During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasm?

A)Bronchial edema caused by chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis
B)Bronchial edema caused by binding of the cytotropic antibody
C)Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H₁ receptors
D)Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H₂ receptors

Question 14

Persons with blood type O are considered universal recipients.

Question 15

What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions?

A)Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators.
B)Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues.
C)Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.
D)Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.

Question 16

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when mismatched blood is administered causing an ABO incompatibility, the erythrocytes are destroyed by:

A)complement-mediated cell lysis.
B)phagocytosis by macrophages.
C)phagocytosis in the spleen.
D)natural killer cells.

Question 17

In Graves disease (hyperthyroidism), autoantibodies bind to and activate receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) so that excessive T₄ (thyroxine) is secreted, causing clinical manifestations of an increased metabolism.This mechanism is an example of which type II hypersensitivity reaction?

A)Modulation
B)ADCC
C)Neutrophil-mediated damage
D)Complement-mediated lysis

Question 18

Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired.

Question 19

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of:

A)complement-mediated cell lysis.
B)phagocytosis by macrophages.
C)phagocytosis in the spleen.
D)neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.

Question 20

In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, that is an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), target cells are destroyed by:

A)complement-mediated cell lysis.
B)phagocytosis by macrophages.
C)neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products.
D)natural killer cells.

Question 21

By _____ months, the newborn is sufficiently protected by antibodies produced by its own B cells.

A)1 to 2
B)4 to 5
C)6 to 8
D)10 to 12

Question 22

Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function?

A)Iron
B)Zinc
C)Iodine
D)Magnesium

Question 23

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
Congenital immune deficiency

A)Agammaglobulinemia
B)Raynaud phenomenon
C)Poison ivy
D)Urticaria
E)Graves disease

Question 24

What is the mechanism in type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A)Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators.
B)Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues.
C)Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.
D)Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.

Question 25

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
Type IV hypersensitivity

A)Agammaglobulinemia
B)Raynaud phenomenon
C)Poison ivy
D)Urticaria
E)Graves disease

Question 26

How does tissue damage occur in acute rejection after an organ transplant?

A)Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue.
B)Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue.
C)Antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue are recognized by receptors on NK cells, which release lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue.
D)Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue.

Question 27

In a type III hypersensitivity reaction, the harmful effects after the immune complexes are deposited in tissues are a result of:

A)cytotoxic T cells.
B)natural killer cells.
C)complement activation.
D)degranulation of mast cells.

Question 28

Which component of the immune system is deficient in people with infections caused by viruses, fungi, or yeast?

A)NK cells
B)Macrophages
C)B cells
D)T cells

Question 29

A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti-___ antibodies.

A)A
B)B
C)A and B
D)O

Question 30

Which blood cell carries the carbohydrate antigens for blood type?

A)Platelets
B)Neutrophils
C)Lymphocytes
D)Erythrocytes

Question 31

In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial to complete absence of T-cell immunity?

A)Bruton disease
B)DiGeorge syndrome
C)Reticular dysgenesis
D)Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

Question 32

When a tuberculin skin test is positive, the hard center and erythema surrounding the induration are a result of:

A)histamine.
B)T lymphocytes and macrophages.
C)immune complexes.
D)products of complement.

Question 33

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
Type II hypersensitivity

A)Agammaglobulinemia
B)Raynaud phenomenon
C)Poison ivy
D)Urticaria
E)Graves disease

Question 34

What disease involves the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against host DNA, resulting in tissue damage?

A)Hemolytic anemia
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
D)Myasthenia gravis

Question 35

What mechanism occurs in Raynaud phenomenon that classifies it as a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A)Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation.
B)Mast cells bind to specific endothelial receptors that cause them to degranulate, creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation.
C)Cytotoxic T lymphocytes attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues.
D)Antibodies detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species.

Question 36

Which class of immunoglobulins forms isohemagglutinins?

A)IgA
B)IgE
C)IgG
D)IgM

Question 37

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, _____ disease is a result.

A)allergic
B)alloimmune
C)fetal immune
D)autoimmune

Question 38

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
Type I hypersensitivity

A)Agammaglobulinemia
B)Raynaud phenomenon
C)Poison ivy
D)Urticaria
E)Graves disease

Question 39

Considering the effects of nutritional deficiencies on the immune system, severe deficits in calories and protein lead to deficiencies in the formation of which immune cells?

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)NK cells
D)Neutrophils

Question 40

Match the phrases with the corresponding descriptions.
Type III hypersensitivity

A)Agammaglobulinemia
B)Raynaud phenomenon
C)Poison ivy
D)Urticaria
E)Graves disease