Deck 23: Alterations of the Reproductive Systems

Question 1

Prevention of constipation and treatment of chronic cough may help prevent uterine prolapse.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The acidic nature of vaginal secretions during the reproductive years provides protection against a variety of sexually transmitted pathogens.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Taking oral contraceptives increases the risk for ovarian and endometrial cancers.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The first sign of puberty in boys is:

A)thickening of the scrotal skin.
B)growth of pubic hair.
C)enlargement of the testes.
D)change in voice.

Question 5

Most epithelial ovarian cancers arise from a single cell and involve the loss of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes.

Question 6

The most common cause of cycle irregularities is a result of:

A)disorders within the endometrium.
B)obstruction of the fallopian tubes.
C)pregnancy.
D)failure to ovulate.

Question 7

A low-fat, vegetarian diet helps relieve symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Question 8

Considering the pathophysiology of primary amenorrhea, what anatomic structure is involved in compartment II?

A)Ovary
B)Anterior pituitary
C)Hypothalamus
D)Vagina

Question 9

The risk of testicular cancer is 35 to 50 times greater for men with cryptorchidism than for the general male population.

Question 10

Considering the pathophysiology of primary amenorrhea, what anatomic structure is involved in compartment IV?

A)Vagina
B)Hypothalamus
C)Ovary
D)Anterior pituitary

Question 11

The first sign of puberty in girls is:

A)thelarche.
B)growth of pubic hair.
C)menstruation.
D)vaginal discharge.

Question 12

Constitutional delay of puberty seldom requires treatment, unless the delay is causing psychosocial problems.

Question 13

In a woman with endometriosis, endometrial tissue that responds to hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle may be found in the lungs.

Question 14

_____ precocious puberty causes the child to develop some secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex.

A)Mixed
B)Incomplete
C)Isosexual
D)Homosexual

Question 15

DUB secondary to ovarian dysfunction is abnormal uterine bleeding resulting from:

A)endometriosis.
B)progesterone deficiency or relative estrogen excess.
C)sexually transmitted infections.
D)congenital abnormalities in the uterine structure.

Question 16

The clinical manifestations of a woman include the following: irregular or heavy bleeding, passage of large clots, and depletion of iron stores.This person is experiencing:

A)premenstrual syndrome.
B)dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB).
C)polycystic ovary syndrome.
D)primary dysmenorrhea.

Question 17

With early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, prognosis is excellent.

Question 18

Weight loss aggravates symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, whereas weight gain may ameliorate the symptoms.

Question 19

In 95% of cases of delayed puberty the problem is caused by:

A)disruption in the hypothalamus.
B)disruption of the pituitary.
C)deficit in estrogen or testosterone.
D)physiological hormonal delays.

Question 20

Dysmenorrhea is caused by the release of the chemical mediator:

A)leukotrienes.
B)prostaglandins.
C)bradykinin.
D)C-reactive protein.

Question 21

A _____ cyst develops when an ovarian follicle is stimulated, but no dominant follicle develops and completes the maturity process.

A)follicular
B)corpus luteal
C)corpus albicans
D)benign ovarian

Question 22

The leading cause of infertility is:

A)pelvic inflammatory disease.
B)endometriosis.
C)salpingitis.
D)polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Question 23

_____ is a fibrotic condition that causes lateral curvature of the penis during erection, which is associated with a local vasculitis-like inflammatory reaction and decreased tissue oxygenation.

A)Phimosis
B)Lateral phimosis
C)Lateral paraphimosis
D)Peyronie disease

Question 24

The pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome is described as:

A)a decrease in leptin levels that reduces the hypothalamic pulsatility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which reduces the number of follicles that mature.
B)a disorder in the anterior pituitary that increases the follicle-stimulating hormone, which reduces the luteinizing hormone released.
C)excessive androgens that affect follicular decline by suppressing apoptosis, enabling follicles, which normally disintegrate to survive.
D)testosterone that stimulates androgen secretion by the ovarian stroma and reduces sex hormone-binding globulin indirectly.

Question 25

On assessment a nurse identifies a woman's uterus protruding through the entrance of the vagina to the hymen.The nurse documents this finding as a Grade _____ uterine prolapse.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 26

Considering the mediating factors of PMS, which drug is used to treat it?

A)NSAIDs
B)Estrogens
C)SSRIs
D)Progestins

Question 27

_____ is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis.

A)Paraphimosis
B)Priapism
C)Prephimosis
D)Phimosis

Question 28

What is a theory of causation for endometriosis?

A)Obstruction within the fallopian tubes prevents the endometrial tissue from adhering to the lining of the uterus.
B)Endometrial tissue passes through the fallopian tubes and into the peritoneal cavity and remains responsive to hormones.
C)Inflammation of the endometrial tissue develops after recurrent sexually transmitted diseases.
D)Endometrial tissue lies dormant in the uterus until the ovaries produce sufficient hormone to stimulate its growth.

Question 29

Infertility is defined as inability to conceive after _____ months of unprotected intercourse.

A)6
B)12
C)18
D)24

Question 30

What description is given when all or most of the cervical epithelium shows cellular features of carcinoma, but underlying tissue is not affected?

A)Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
B)Cervical dysplasia
C)Cervical carcinoma in situ
D)Invasive carcinoma of the cervix

Question 31

Cryptorchidism can be defined as:

A)a normal developmental state of the testes.
B)an abnormal state in which there is overdevelopment of the testes.
C)the lack of scrotum.
D)testicular maldescent.

Question 32

Which of the following factors increases the risk for ovarian cancer after the age of 40?

A)Use of fertility drugs
B)Oral contraceptive use
C)Multiple pregnancies
D)Prolonged lactation

Question 33

_____ is inflammation of the glans penis.

A)Glanitis
B)Balanitis
C)Priapism
D)Hydrocelitis

Question 34

The common clinical manifestations of endometriosis include:

A)back and flank pain.
B)infertility and dysmenorrhea.
C)dysuria and absent menstrual flow.
D)painless, vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods.

Question 35

The size of benign uterine tumors is thought to be due to the influence of which hormone?

A)Progesterone
B)Estrogen
C)Luteinizing hormone
D)Gonadotropin-stimulating hormone

Question 36

_____ is the descent of the bladder and the anterior vaginal wall into the vaginal wall.

A)Rectocele
B)Vaginocele
C)Cystocele
D)Enterocele

Question 37

Which virus is a necessary precursor for developing cervical intraepithelial carcinoma (CIN) and cervical cancer?

A)Human papillomavirus (HPV)
B)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
C)Herpes simplex II virus (HSV)
D)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 38

Which description of the pathogenesis of PID is false?

A)It develops when pathogenic microbes ascend from an infected cervix along the endometrial tissue to infect the uterus and adnexa.
B)It develops from virally infected endometrial cells that move through the fallopian tubes and empty into the pelvic cavity.
C)It spreads by way of lymphatics with parametrial dissemination of infection into the pelvis.
D)It develops by the adherence of sexually transmitted bacteria to sperm that travel through the genital tract.

Question 39

_____ are benign uterine tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the myometrium and are commonly called uterine fibroids.

A)Endometrial polyps
B)Myometrial polyps
C)Leiomyomas
D)Myometriomas

Question 40

What process occurs when columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium in the transformation zone?

A)Dysplasia
B)Aplasia
C)Metaplasia
D)Epithelplasia

Question 41

Which cancer is a germ cell tumor arising from the male gamete?

A)Penile
B)Testicular
C)Prostate
D)Epididymal

Question 42

Symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia are a result of:

A)infection of the prostate.
B)obstruction of the urethra.
C)ischemia of the urethra.
D)compression of the urethra.

Question 43

How does the epididymis become infected?

A)The pathogenic microorganisms ascend the vas deferentia from an already infected urethra or bladder.
B)The pathogenic microorganisms are attached to sperm that travel through the genital tract.
C)The pathogenic microorganisms from the tunica vaginalis are transported to the epididymis.
D)The pathogenic microorganisms from the prostate fluid ascend to the epididymis.

Question 44

What are typical findings on breast palpation of a client with fibroadenoma?

A)Painful, round, movable, and fluid-filled mass
B)Painless, movable, hard, and irregular mass
C)Painless, firm, elastic, and well-circumscribed mass
D)Painful, nonmovable, irregular, and soft mass

Question 45

Match the phrases with the corresponding cancer.
Prostate cancer

A)Seen with HPV infection
B)Advanced at the time of diagnosis
C)Most curable cancer
D)Vasectomy increases risk

Question 46

Match the description with the disorder.
Hydrocele

A)Painless diverticulum of the epididymis located between the head of the epididymis and the testis
B)Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
C)Rotation of a testis, which twists blood vessels of the spermatic cord
D)Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord

Question 47

Which of the following is usually the first clinical manifestation of breast cancer?

A)Nipple dimpling
B)Nipple discharge
C)Enlargement of one breast
D)A painless lump

Question 48

Match the phrases with the corresponding cancer.
Penile cancer

A)Seen with HPV infection
B)Advanced at the time of diagnosis
C)Most curable cancer
D)Vasectomy increases risk

Question 49

Which dietary factor is not a risk factor for prostate cancer?

A)High-fat diet
B)High-protein diet
C)High-fiber diet
D)High-calcium diet

Question 50

Which of the following is not a cause of galactorrhea?

A)Proliferation of the lactiferous ducts of the breast
B)Hypothyroidism resulting from a decrease in thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
C)Excess prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary
D)Drugs such as high-dose oral contraceptives and phenothiazines

Question 51

Match the phrases with the corresponding cancer.
Male breast cancer

A)Seen with HPV infection
B)Advanced at the time of diagnosis
C)Most curable cancer
D)Vasectomy increases risk

Question 52

Which tumor-related gene or protein is an oncogene that transmits a growth signal to the nucleus to stimulate tumor growth?

A)Her-2/neu
B)Bcl-2
C)TP53
D)C-myc

Question 53

Which benign breast tumor affects 50- and 60-year-old women and is characterized by the principal lactiferous ducts becoming dilated and filled with cellular debris?

A)Mammary duct ectasia
B)Intraductal papilloma
C)Phyllodes tumor
D)Fibroadenoma

Question 54

Match the phrases with the corresponding cancer.
Testicular cancer

A)Seen with HPV infection
B)Advanced at the time of diagnosis
C)Most curable cancer
D)Vasectomy increases risk

Question 55

Which infection has clinical manifestations of sudden onset of malaise, low back pain, and perineal pain with high fever and chills, dysuria, nocturia, and urinary retention?

A)Orchitis
B)Balanitis
C)Epididymitis
D)Bacterial prostatitis

Question 56

Match the description with the disorder.
Varicocele

A)Painless diverticulum of the epididymis located between the head of the epididymis and the testis
B)Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
C)Rotation of a testis, which twists blood vessels of the spermatic cord
D)Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord

Question 57

Which breast disorder is characterized by bilateral nodularity and breast tenderness that waxes and wanes with the menstrual cycle?

A)Paget disease
B)Fibroadenoma
C)Fibrocystic changes
D)Lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 58

Which cancers are associated with alterations of the BRCA1 gene?

A)Endometrial and ovarian
B)Endometrial and cervical
C)Cervical and breast
D)Breast and ovarian

Question 59

_____ is the most common infectious cause of orchitis and usually affects postpubertal males.

A)Herpes
B)Escherichia coli
C)Mumps
D)Cytomegalovirus

Question 60

Which are clinical manifestations of testicular cancer?

A)Firm, nontender testicular mass
B)Painful, mobile, firm testicular mass
C)Painful fluid-filled testicular mass
D)Soft, nontender testicular mass

Question 61

Match the description with the disorder.
Testicular torsion

A)Painless diverticulum of the epididymis located between the head of the epididymis and the testis
B)Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
C)Rotation of a testis, which twists blood vessels of the spermatic cord
D)Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord

Question 62

Match the description with the disorder.
Spermatocele

A)Painless diverticulum of the epididymis located between the head of the epididymis and the testis
B)Collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis
C)Rotation of a testis, which twists blood vessels of the spermatic cord
D)Abnormal dilation of the vein within the spermatic cord