Deck 13: Globalization and Change

Question 1

By 1999,world population had reached:

A)1 billion.
B)975 million.
C)3 billion.
D)6 billion
E)20 billion.

Answer 1

6 billion

Question 2

Why are employees in sweatshops not always able to support an improvement in working conditions?

A)They are held in lockdown situations and cannot leave their work stations even though they are extremely concerned about their work conditions and do wish to have a voice.
B)Many times when improved working conditions are forced on a sweatshop,they can cause a company to move,making workers lose their jobs.
C)Improvements in sweatshops lead to higher prices and fewer goods,so there is an automatic lay-off associated with this process,making it unpopular with workers.
D)Workers are desperate for jobs and are competing with each other;this creates a downward spiral among workers,who are the ones most responsible for the bad working conditions.
E)They do not know better.

Answer 2

Many times when improved working conditions are forced on a sweatshop,they can cause a company to move,making workers lose their jobs.

Question 3

The total value of all of a nation's production and its estimate of national prosperity is called the:

A)gross national product.
B)gross national income.
C)gross economic indicator.
D)macroeconomics.
E)economic network.

Answer 3

gross national income.

Question 4

Why do poorer nations often take active stances against birth control measures?

A)In many societies,a woman's value is tied to the number of children she has.
B)Many people are suspicious of birth control measures that originate in wealthy nations.
C)Sometimes promoters of birth control are believed to be racist in their motives.
D)Many traditional religions are opposed to birth control measures and see the family as a sacred gift.
E)All of these statements are correct.

Question 5

What do we call the model of progress that starts with the presumption that former colonies are poor because they have underdeveloped,backward economies?

A)structural progress theory
B)human needs approaches
C)structural adjustment
D)modernization theory
E)neoliberalism

Question 6

After World War II and the decline of colonialism,virtually all nations were drawn into the conflict between:

A)Afghanistan and Iraq.
B)the Soviet Union and China.
C)Eastern and Western bloc nations.
D)Cuba and the U.S.
E)Venezuela and Bolivia.

Question 7

The sex imbalance in China is evidenced in a birth rate in which the male to female ratio is:

A)100:150
B)100:120
C)120:100
D)175:100
E)100:175

Question 8

During which period was population growth most accelerated?

A)about 2 million years ago
B)around 10,000 BC
C)around 1750
D)around 1800
E)around 1950

Question 9

Projections indicate the percentage of people living in urban areas will reach ______ percent by the year 2020.

A)30
B)35
C)50
D)70
E)90

Question 10

What is the primary goal of a multinational corporation?

A)generate employment
B)raise the overall quality of life of its workers
C)create a multicultural environment
D)generate profit for shareholders
E)participate in political life

Question 11

Which of the following is not a change that wealthy nations required of poorer ones under structural adjustment?

A)open markets to free trade
B)sell off all state-owned enterprises
C)increase spending on education and healthcare
D)reduce subsidies to businesses
E)reduce spending on social programs

Question 12

The modernization theory was popular in the:

A)1880s.
B)1930s.
C)1950s.
D)1960s.
E)1970s.

Question 13

Proponents of _______________ argue that development fails when it focuses on large-scale projects and technological change and pays too little attention to improving the lives of the poor.

A)structural adjustment
B)human needs approaches
C)modernization theory
D)neoliberalism
E)multinational corporations

Question 14

What do The Gap,Old Navy,and Banana Republic have in common?

A)They all are companies that have resisted becoming multinational.
B)They have an excellent record of using only fair trade policies in their factories.
C)They have all stocked consumer goods that were originally produced in sweatshops.
D)They are all owned by the same multinational corporation.
E)They hire only men as workers.

Question 15

What caused the Agta of the Philippines to lose their traditional lands?

A)population growth in neighboring areas
B)pollution and global warming
C)a desire to migrate to urban areas for work
D)loss of markets where they can sell their products
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 16

What development approach is associated with free trade,individual initiative,and minimal government regulation?

A)human needs approaches
B)modernization theory
C)development theory
D)neoliberalism
E)structural adjustment

Question 17

Despite the relative wealth of many Western nations,in 2004 about __________ people were living on less than one dollar a day.

A)1 million
B)20 million
C)750 million
D)1 billion
E)3 billion

Question 18

What is the specialty of the Grameen Bank?

A)It is the bank for almost all of the multination corporations.
B)It is a bank that makes loans to impoverished nations.
C)It is the world's richest bank.
D)It is a bank that makes loans to poor women.
E)It is a bank that loans money to entrepreneurs in wealthy nations.

Question 19

All of the following are reasons for the failure of the basic human needs approaches except:

A)it had low overhead costs and generated a great deal of publicity.
B)it failed to provide the economic growth that was planned.
C)it generated less money to recipient nations than traditional modernization projects had.
D)the people involved in implementing the programs had very little political power.
E)donor nations chose to follow a new philosophy.

Question 20

In what year did China implement the One Child Policy?

A)1925
B)1967
C)1979
D)1983
E)1994

Question 21

Today,an estimated __________ people live outside of their countries of birth.

A)100 million
B)200 million
C)750 million
D)1 billion
E)2 billion

Question 22

International tourism accounts for what percentage of world exports?

A)5%
B)10%
C)20%
D)45%
E)80%

Question 23

Which country did not sign the Kyoto Protocol to aid with global warming?

A)France
B)Japan
C)the United States
D)Romania
E)Mexico

Question 24

Which of the following statements about pollution is not correct?

A)Poorer nations tend to lack urban services to control pollution.
B)Wealthy nations tend to use energy sources that create higher levels of pollution.
C)Poorer nations tend to use vehicles that are not equipped with pollution-control technology.
D)Urban areas in poorer nations are far more polluted than those in wealthy nations.
E)Wood-burning stoves in poorer nations put out a great deal of pollution.

Question 25

What are remittances?

A)They are monies that migrants send to family members in their home countries.
B)They are government policies regarding migration.
C)They are agricultural procedures that allow farmers to intensify production.
D)They are the maximum allowed quantities of pollution.
E)They are transnational patterns of migration.

Question 26

Although there is a trend toward cultural homogeneity,some groups are resisting this process.

Question 27

Who is the critic of Thomas Friedman who argues that the world is becoming one of greater and greater disparity?

A)Richard Warms
B)Thomas Smith
C)John Gray
D)Joseph Toonby
E)Luis Greenberg

Question 28

Structural adjustment policies have increased poverty and inequality worldwide.

Question 29

Multinational corporations have enormous economic power,but they are not a significant political force.

Question 30

Donor governments did not like Basic Human Needs Approach-type development because it had high overhead and little publicity.

Question 31

Among what group of people do we find the crafting of tongkonan and tau tau?

A)Ju/'hoansi
B)Toraja
C)Yanomamo
D)Inuit
E)Saami

Question 32

Which of the following is the most growing area of tourism today?

A)visits to major religious sites
B)transatlantic travel
C)tours to "authentic," traditional cultures
D)tours through economic zones and trades zones
E)visits to historical sites

Question 33

Families in poorer nations tend to have more children than those in wealthy nations for all of the following reasons except:

A)they provide a labor pool for the family.
B)women do not have ready access to birth control.
C)child mortality rates are low.
D)it improves the odds that one of the children may prosper and help the family.
E)the family and kinship network is valuable in society.

Question 34

All of the following are concerns related to undermining democracy with new electronic media except:

A)increased contact with each other.
B)the development of isolated virtual communities.
C)the lack of patient,thoughtful dialogue and organizing.
D)reductive simplicity in information.
E)misinformation and ill-conceived opinions.

Question 35

In March 2007,60 Inuit hunters filed a petition against the United States charging that the United States was violating their human rights under the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and the American Convention on Human Rights.What was the primary violation that they were citing?

A)migration
B)stolen lands
C)global warming
D)pollution
E)population pressure

Question 36

What is the best way for governments to control population growth?

A)improve the life chances and wealth of people in poor countries
B)provide excellent healthcare and free contraceptives
C)place governmental limitations on family sizes
D)charge a tax on children
E)give the responsibility to churches and religious groups

Question 37

The global economic network has resulted in creating a global village.

Question 38

What does Thomas Friedman mean by the concept of a "flat" world?

A)He argues that the world increasingly has social and economic opportunities available to everyone.
B)He argues that it is a one-dimensional world in which the wealthy nations will always have the advantage.
C)He argues that the poor nations will soon "flatten" the wealthy ones and have their own turn as wealthy.
D)He means that we have reached our high point in innovation and discovery and now we must learn to manage ourselves better.
E)None of these statements is correct.

Question 39

What is a "carrying capacity?"

A)the amount of pollution that the environment can bear before global warming sets in
B)the maximum population that the earth can support
C)the amount of labor that can be produced from a single adult man
D)the maximum number of children that a woman can produce
E)None of these choices is correct.

Question 40

"Gas flaring" is a process of _______________________________________.

A)burning off the natural gas byproduct of oil production
B)burning low-grade fuel in transportation vehicles
C)burning fields to increase their fertility
D)raising costs of oil production in order to gain political control
E)selling oil to the lowest bidder instead of the most profitable

Question 41

Name four problems that many post-colonial nations face today.

Question 42

Choose two of the challenges facing our increasingly globalized world today and discuss the kind of impact that each has on a nation-state and the effects that this may have on the rest of the world.

Question 43

Why is "carrying capacity" a controversial issue?

Question 44

How does migration change both urban and rural areas?

Question 45

Increasing wealth and consumption levels make children less and less expensive.

Question 46

Nation-states face a conundrum in handling urbanization.Discuss how growing urban populations threaten nation-states and the challenges the government faces in managing urbanization.

Question 47

All companies are vulnerable to consumer protests against sweatshops.

Question 48

What is a multinational corporation?

Question 49

Modernization theorists argue that poor nations could become wealthy if they __________________________________.

Question 50

What is neoliberalism,and how has it affected development policy in post-colonial nation-states?

Question 51

Multinational corporations have affected gender roles in many countries.

Question 52

Your chapter presents the case of the multinational corporation Nike.What happened? How would you respond as a consumer if you found out that one of your favorite material items was produced under horrific working conditions? Do you believe this is an ethical issue for nation-states,or should this be handled by the consumer?

Question 53

Less expensive production technologies are generally more polluting than more expensive,higher technology processes.

Question 54

New electronic technologies bring opportunities and challenges to nation-states.

Question 55

Discuss the fundamental changes that have occurred in Chinese society as a result of the One Child Policy.