Deck 11: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

A few days before ovulation, cervical mucus

A)thickens and takes on a yellowish color.
B)becomes thin, slippery, and clear.
C)becomes thick, white, and takes on a cottage-cheese like texture.
D)thickens and takes on a milky white color.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Just prior to ovulation, basal body temperature

A)rises slightly and remains higher for three to four days.
B)rises slightly then dips and remains slightly lower until menstruation.
C)dips slightly and remains lower until menstruation ends.
D)dips slightly then rises and remains elevated until menstruation.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the most common fertility problem for men?

A)A pituitary imbalance
B)Low sperm count
C)Diabetes
D)Thyroid disease

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Of couples who experience infertility problems, how many will eventually succeed in conceiving a child?

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 5

What is a zygote?

A)A new ovum
B)A fertilized ovum
C)An unfertilized ovum
D)A premature ovum

Question 6

An ovum can be fertilized for up to how many hours after ovulation?

A)1
B)5
C)20
D)100

Question 7

Which of the following causes fertility problems for men?

A)Low sperm motility
B)A low sperm count
C)Thyroid disease
D)All of the above

Question 8

Over-the-counter ovulation kits analyze the urine or saliva for the presence of

A)luteinizing hormone.
B)estrogen.
C)follicle stimulating hormone.
D)progesterone.

Question 9

What method of selecting the sex of your child is effective?

A)Microsorting procedures
B)Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
C)Having the woman lay on her back for a boy
D)Consuming sweet foods to have a girl

Question 10

Which of the following statements about sperm is correct?

A)Sperm bearing the Y sex chromosome are faster swimmers.
B)Sperm bearing the X sex chromosome are faster swimmers.
C)Sperm bearing the X and the Y sex chromosomes are equally fast swimmers.
D)Sperm do not swim, they crawl.

Question 11

What is the gelatinous layer that surrounds an ovum?

A)Hyaluronidase
B)Epiovum
C)Zona pellucida
D)Gonadotropin

Question 12

John and his wife are trying to conceive. John knows that his sperm count is slightly low. Which recommendation should John follow for the best chance of conception?

A)John and his wife should have intercourse every day for the entire week.
B)John and his wife should have intercourse twice a day for the entire week.
C)John and his wife should engage in intercourse every 72 hours, and John should masturbate every day to increase his sperm count.
D)John and his wife should have intercourse every 48 hours.

Question 13

How long should a couple have tried to conceive before being considered infertile?

A)3 months
B)6 months
C)10 months
D)12 months

Question 14

A typical female's ovaries will release about how many viable eggs over her reproductive lifetime?

A)40
B)400
C)4,000
D)40,000

Question 15

Hyaluronidase is a(n)

A)treatment for cervical cancer.
B)bacterium.
C)abnormal growth on an ovum.
D)enzyme allowing a sperm to penetrate an ovum.

Question 16

Women can improve their chances of conception by using the

A)lateral-entry coital position.
B)lateral rear-entry coital position.
C)male-superior coital position.
D)female-superior coital position.

Question 17

Ray has a chromosomal abnormality, caused by an extra chromosome on the 21st pair. This abnormality has retarded Ray's mental growth and is called

A)Down syndrome.
B)Klinefelter's syndrome.
C)XYY syndrome.
D)FSH.

Question 18

During an average month, a human female is fertile for about how many days?

A)1 day
B)5-6 days
C)10-14 days
D)28-30 days

Question 19

A miscarriage is also called a(n)

A)Braxton-Hicks contraction.
B)spontaneous abortion.
C)collapsed uterus.
D)detached fetus.

Question 20

It is estimated that for every 100 females who are conceived, how many males are conceived?

A)70-80
B)80-100
C)100-120
D)120-150

Question 21

Charlene and her husband want to have a baby, but Charlene cannot produce any ova in her ovaries. Which procedure will Charlene have to try in order to give birth?

A)ZIFT
B)Donor IVF
C)GIFT
D)IVF

Question 22

If a man experiences infertility related to sperm cells, all of the following are possible EXCEPT

A)he is ejaculating too few sperm cells.
B)his sperm cells are poor "swimmers."
C)he has very poor sleeping habits.
D)his sperm cells have many more defects than normal.

Question 23

Which of the following does not cause infertility in women?

A)Irregular ovulation
B)Endometriosis
C)Low blood sugar
D)Declining hormone levels

Question 24

________ is a method of conception in which a woman volunteer is artificially inseminated by the male partner of the intended mother, after which the embryo is removed from the volunteer and inserted into the uterus of the intended mother.

A)Gamete intrafallopian transfer
B)Intracytoplasmic transfer
C)Embryonic transfer
D)Zygote intrafallopian transfer

Question 25

In a Rubin test

A)carbon dioxide is blown into the uterus to check for blocked fallopian tubes.
B)blood is drawn to check for anemia due to excessive blood loss during menstruation.
C)dye is injected into the uterus to look for uterine tumors.
D)sperm are checked for motility by measuring their rate and duration of swimming.

Question 26

Sperm counts have been increased by

A)a high fiber diet.
B)surgical repair of the varicose veins in the scrotum.
C)a steady cardio-vascular routine.
D)All of the above

Question 27

To be considered normal, how long should sperm be able to swim after ejaculation?

A)Five minutes
B)Ten minutes
C)One hour
D)Two hours

Question 28

All of the following may lower a man's sperm count, EXCEPT

A)electric blankets.
B)hot baths.
C)prolonged athletic activity.
D)infrequent ejaculation.

Question 29

Endometriosis occurs when

A)infectious agents scar the fallopian tubes.
B)cells break away from the uterine lining, implant, and grow elsewhere.
C)hormonal imbalances prevent ovulation.
D)malnutrition causes hormonal imbalances and prevents ovulation.

Question 30

For men whose sperm lack a tail, which procedure produces the best chance of conception?

A)Removal of sperm from the testes and in vitro fertilization
B)Pooling of several ejaculates and injection of the sperm into the uterus
C)Pooling of several ejaculates and injection of the sperm near the cervix
D)Small injections of estrogens to increase sperm count and viability

Question 31

The fertility drug clomiphene works by stimulating the release of

A)estrogen in non-ovulating women.
B)testosterone in men with low sperm counts.
C)follicle-stimulating hormone in men with low sperm counts.
D)follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in non-ovulating women.

Question 32

How many women are estimated to be infertile because they fail to ovulate?

A)1%
B)2% to 3%
C)5% to 8%
D)10% to 15%

Question 33

Laparoscopy is

A)a medical procedure in which a long, narrow tube is inserted through an incision in the navel, permitting the visual inspection of organs in the pelvic cavity.
B)an abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue swells beyond the abdominal cavity.
C)a test in which carbon dioxide gas is blown through the cervix, and its progress through the reproductive tract is tracked to determine whether fallopian tubes are blocked.
D)a test in which a dye is injected into the reproductive tract, and its progress is tracked by X-rays to determine whether the fallopian tubes are blocked.

Question 34

The use of fertility drugs by women may lead to

A)cancer.
B)multiple births.
C)depression.
D)divorce.

Question 35

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be associated with

A)a lower risk of birth defects.
B)a higher rate of multiple births.
C)a higher risk of birth defects.
D)a lower rate of implantation.

Question 36

Which procedure involves placing the parents' zygote in the mother's fallopian tube?

A)IVF
B)Donor IVF
C)GIFT
D)ZIFT

Question 37

In vitro fertilization is a procedure in which

A)donor sperm is injected near the cervix or in the uterus.
B)sperm are removed from a man's testes and injected in the uterus.
C)eggs are removed from the ovary, fertilized, and implanted in the uterus.
D)sperm are amplified and injected directly into the fallopian tube.

Question 38

Increasing age is typically associated with

A)higher fertility for men and women.
B)decreasing fertility for men and women.
C)no changes in fertility for men and women.
D)decreasing fertility for men but increasing fertility for women.

Question 39

What two hormones play an important role in ovulation?

A)LH and TH
B)TH and PUT
C)FSH and TH
D)FSH and LH

Question 40

If the newspaper says a newborn was a "test tube baby," it means that

A)it was conceived with artificial sperm and artificial eggs.
B)its total development took place in a test tube in a lab.
C)it was carried to term by a surrogate mother.
D)it was conceived outside the mother's body.

Question 41

As it enters the uterus, a fertilized egg is now referred to as a

A)teratogen.
B)follicle.
C)zygote.
D)fetus.

Question 42

The beta subunit HCG radioimmunoassay can detect pregnancy about

A)eight days after conception.
B)three weeks after conception.
C)four weeks after conception.
D)six weeks after conception.

Question 43

The germinal stage of pregnancy refers to the first

A)trimester.
B)two weeks after conception.
C)six weeks after conception.
D)two months after conception.

Question 44

Several days into the germinal stage, the cell mass takes the form of a fluid-filled ball of cells, which is called a

A)follicle.
B)morula.
C)zygote.
D)blastocyst.

Question 45

Home pregnancy test measure a woman's urine for the presence of what hormone?

A)Estrogen
B)HCG
C)Progesterone
D)Adrenaline

Question 46

In earlier eras, the "rabbit test" for whether a woman is pregnant worked due to the presence of ________ in a pregnant woman's urine.

A)poison
B)luteinizing hormone
C)estrogen
D)human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 47

Psychologically, the ________ of pregnancy is generally the smoothest phase of the pregnancy.

A)first trimester
B)second trimester
C)third trimester
D)delivery

Question 48

Another term for spontaneous abortions is

A)miscarriage.
B)morning sickness.
C)spotting.
D)endometriosis.

Question 49

In cell differentiation, the trophoblast will eventually become the

A)heart and lungs.
B)spinal cord and brain.
C)amniotic sac, placenta, and umbilical cord.
D)limb buds.

Question 50

Sexual intercourse during pregnancy

A)should never be attempted.
B)may rupture the amniotic sac.
C)may dent the baby's head.
D)poses no risk to either the mother or the baby to be.

Question 51

How long does it take a zygote to reach the uterus?

A)24 hours
B)3 to 4 days
C)7 to 8 days
D)14 to 15 days

Question 52

Which of the following correctly lists the stages of prenatal development?

A)Germinal, fetal, embryonic
B)Fetal, germinal, embryonic
C)Germinal, embryonic, fetal
D)Embryonic, germinal, fetal

Question 53

Provided that the pregnancy is progressing normally and the woman has no history of miscarriage, how long is it safe to have intercourse?

A)Intercourse is never safe during pregnancy.
B)Intercourse is safe up until labor.
C)Intercourse should stop three weeks before the baby's due date.
D)Intercourse should stop during the last trimester.

Question 54

In most women, morning sickness usually subsides by the

A)fourth week of pregnancy.
B)sixth week of pregnancy.
C)eighth week of pregnancy.
D)twelfth week of pregnancy.

Question 55

For many women the first sign of pregnancy is

A)missing a period.
B)morning sickness.
C)retaining water.
D)a faint vaginal twinge.

Question 56

Over-the-counter pregnancy tests are intended to detect

A)luteinizing hormone in the urine.
B)lower than normal estrogen levels in the blood.
C)higher than normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the urine.
D)human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine.

Question 57

Approximately what percent of women report that they fear sexual intercourse during pregnancy?

A)5%
B)25%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 58

The most likely reason for a woman to have a miscarriage is

A)poor prenatal care.
B)maternal alcoholism.
C)too much exercise.
D)serious genetic abnormities in the fetus.

Question 59

What is the hormone produced by women shortly after conception that stimulates the corpus luteum to continue to produce progesterone?

A)Testosterone
B)Human chorionic gonadotropin
C)Estrogen
D)Endosterone

Question 60

What exciting event occurs first during the second trimester of a pregnancy?

A)Morning sickness eases
B)The first visit to the obstetrician
C)First sensations of fetal movement
D)Couples can start having sex again

Question 61

Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the

A)vagina.
B)abdomen.
C)cervix.
D)fallopian tubes.

Question 62

The ________ is primarily responsible for the filtering and passage of incoming nutrients and outgoing wastes for the embryo.

A)placenta
B)umbilical cord
C)amniotic sac
D)amniotic fluid

Question 63

When do pregnant women generally begin to feel fetal movement?

A)One month after conception
B)Two months after conception
C)Three months after conception
D)Four months after conception

Question 64

The protective environment in which the fetus grows is called the

A)amniotic sac.
B)placenta.
C)fallopian tubes.
D)uterus.

Question 65

A cephalic presentation means the baby's

A)feet are down.
B)head is down.
C)buttocks are down.
D)left or right shoulder is down.

Question 66

Cherisse is four weeks pregnant. Routine blood screening reveals that she is carrying syphilis. What should Cherisse know?

A)Maternal syphilis easily crosses the placenta.
B)She must wait until the sixth month, and then she can be treated with antibiotics.
C)The syphilis organism can only cross the placenta in the first two months of her pregnancy.
D)She can prevent transmission to the fetus by being treated with antibiotics before the fourth month of.her pregnancy.

Question 67

The respiratory and digestive systems in the embryo develop from the

A)ectoderm of the embryonic disk.
B)mesoderm of the embryonic disk.
C)endoderm of the embryonic disk.
D)neural tube.

Question 68

Blood flow in the placenta

A)freely travels between mother and embryo as part of one circulatory system.
B)is blocked, keeping the embryo isolated from the mother's body.
C)is a potential cause of miscarriage.
D)allows certain substances to pass through the placenta, even though mother and embryo's circulatory systems do not mix.

Question 69

Toxemia appears to be linked to

A)diabetes.
B)HIV/AIDS.
C)malnutrition.
D)RH incompatibility.

Question 70

In what week of development does the heart begin beating?

A)The second week
B)The fourth week
C)The sixth week
D)The seventh week

Question 71

The critical period of vulnerability is a period of time during which an embryo or fetus is vulnerable/to the effects of

A)teratogens.
B)estrogen.
C)bacteria.
D)illness.

Question 72

The fetal stage begins in the

A)third week of pregnancy.
B)sixth week of pregnancy.
C)ninth week of pregnancy.
D)twelfth week of pregnancy.

Question 73

Which of the following is the correct order of stages for a fertilized egg?

A)Blastocyst, embryo, , zygote, fetus
B)Embryo, blastocyst, zygote, fetus
C)Zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
D)Zygote, embryo, fetus, blastocyst

Question 74

Environmental influences or agents that can harm the embryo or fetus are called

A)bacteria.
B)teratogens.
C)steroid fluids.
D)antigens.

Question 75

Any environmental substance which has the ability to cause an embryonic or a fetal abnormality is referred to as a

A)amnion.
B)genticobia.
C)teratogen.
D)ova-poison.

Question 76

A life-threatening complication during pregnancy that is characterized by high blood pressure is called

A)toxemia.
B)Rubella.
C)ectopic pregnancy.
D)syphilis.

Question 77

Fetal arms and legs are most vulnerable to teratogens during the

A)first to second week after conception.
B)third to fifth week after conception.
C)fourth to eighth week after conception.
D)tenth to eleventh week after conception.

Question 78

When all the major organs are formed, the embryo is called a

A)morula.
B)blastocyst.
C)fetus.
D)zygote.

Question 79

Development of organs near the spinal axis before limbs is referred to as

A)proximodistal development.
B)trophocystic development.
C)endoderm development.
D)cephalocaudal development.

Question 80

Marianne is seven months pregnant. She was recently exposed to the rubella and was never immunized as a child. She is concerned about the risk to her baby if she contracts the virus. What should.Marianne know?

A)She can request an immediate immunization from her obstetrician.
B)The highest risk of fetal damage from rubella occurs in the first eight weeks of pregnancy.
C)The highest risk to her baby will occur in the eighth month of pregnancy.
D)Rubella cannot cross the placenta so there is no risk to her baby.