Deck 4: Tissue Level of Organization

Question 1

The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the following, except

A) oval.
B) squamous.
C) cuboidal.
D) columnar.
E) oval and squamous.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Functions of epithelia include all of the following, except

A) providing physical protection.
B) controlling permeability.
C) absorption.
D) producing specialized secretions.
E) supporting muscle cells.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is

A) epithelial tissue.
B) connective tissue.
C) muscle tissue.
D) basal tissue.
E) apical tissue.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as

A) neuroepithelia.
B) psychoepithelia.
C) neuropsychoepithelia.
D) multilaminar epithelia.
E) protective epithelia.

Question 5

Cells that are specialized for secretion

A) have a free surface that is flat.
B) have a small nucleus.
C) are usually squamous.
D) exhibit polarity.
E) are found only in the digestive system.

Question 6

Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue.

A) muscle
B) neural
C) epithelial
D) connective
E) adipose

Question 7

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is False ?

A) They afford little mechanical protection.
B) They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs.
C) They line internal compartments and passageways.
D) They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
E) They are avascular.

Question 8

Characteristics of epithelia include

A) attachment.
B) avascularity.
C) regeneration.
D) polarity.
E) all of the above

Question 9

Figure 4-1
Use Figure 4-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 indicates a hemidesmosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have ________ at their free surface.

A) mitochondria
B) cilia
C) microvilli
D) junctional complexes
E) Golgi complexes

Question 11

A type of epithelium found where absorption or secretion takes place is ________ epithelium.

A) simple squamous
B) simple cuboidal
C) pseudostratified columnar
D) simple columnar
E) all of the above

Question 12

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

A) desmosome.
B) hemidesmosome.
C) gap junction.
D) tight junction.
E) zonula adherens.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?

A) muscle tissue
B) neural tissue
C) osseous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) epithelial tissue

Question 14

Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________.

A) lubrication; lubricators
B) enzymes; hormones
C) transport media; physical protectors
D) superficial relief; interstitial fluid
E) odors; alarms

Question 15

A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is termed a(n)

A) occluding junction.
B) gap junction.
C) intermediate junction.
D) desmosome.
E) all of the above

Question 16

Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycans reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called

A) gap junctions.
B) intermediate junctions.
C) tight junctions.
D) desmosomes.
E) junctional complexes.

Question 17

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by

A) keratin.
B) interfacial canals.
C) a basal lamina.
D) a reticular lamina.
E) proteoglycans.

Question 18

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably

A) epithelium.
B) muscle tissue.
C) connective tissue.
D) neural tissue.
E) fat tissue.

Question 19

Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for

A) contraction.
B) conduction.
C) secretion.
D) circulation.
E) support.

Question 20

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?

A) tight junctions
B) basolateral junctions
C) gap junctions
D) hemidesmosomes
E) desmosomes

Question 21

Simple columnar epithelia are found

A) lining the urinary bladder.
B) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
C) lining kidney tubules.
D) lining the stomach.
E) at the surface of the skin.

Question 22

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

A) trachea.
B) urinary bladder.
C) secretory portions of the pancreas.
D) surface of the skin.
E) stomach.

Question 23

Endocrine glands empty their products into ________ and are referred to as ________ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into ________ or onto surfaces.

A) cells; cellular; interstitial fluid
B) interstitial fluid; ducted; cells
C) interstitial fluid; ducted; interstitial fluid
D) interstitial fluid; ductless; ducts
E) ducts; ducted; interstitial fluid

Question 24

The pancreas produces both hormones and digestive enzymes. These are ________ secretions.

A) serous
B) mucous
C) merocrine
D) exocrine and endocrine
E) secretory

Question 25

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

A) holocrine
B) merocrine
C) apocrine
D) mucus
E) serous

Question 26

Figure 4-1
Use Figure 4-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 is very abundant in skin?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 27

Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the

A) kidneys.
B) heart and blood vessels.
C) urinary bladder.
D) mouth.
E) large intestine.

Question 28

Cells that store fat are called

A) cellulocytes.
B) macrocytes.
C) adipocytes.
D) podocytes.
E) melanocytes.

Question 29

Figure 4-1
Use Figure 4-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 indicates an adhesion belt?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 30

The heart and blood vessels are lined by

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
B) transitional epithelium.
C) simple cuboidal epithelium.
D) simple columnar epithelium.
E) simple squamous epithelium.

Question 31

Figure 4-1
Use Figure 4-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 is very abundant in cardiac muscle?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 32

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

A) simple squamous.
B) stratified squamous.
C) simple cuboidal.
D) stratified cuboidal.
E) transitional.

Question 33

Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion.

A) merocrine
B) apocrine
C) holocrine
D) serous
E) mucous

Question 34

Figure 4-1
Use Figure 4-1 to answer the following question(s):
Which of the labels in Figure 4-1 indicates an occluding junction?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 35

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete

A) milk.
B) sweat.
C) mucus.
D) sebum.
E) insulin.

Question 36

Transitional epithelium is found

A) lining the urinary bladder.
B) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
C) lining kidney tubules.
D) lining the stomach.
E) at the surface of the skin.

Question 37

Connective tissue fibers are produced mainly by

A) fibroblasts.
B) macrophages.
C) adipocytes.
D) mast cells.
E) melanocytes.

Question 38

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found

A) at the surface of the skin.
B) lining the trachea.
C) lining blood vessels.
D) forming the kidney tubules.
E) lining the air sacs of the lungs.

Question 39

A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind round pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called

A) simple tubular.
B) simple acinar.
C) compound tubular.
D) compound alveolar.
E) tubuloacinar.

Question 40

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are

A) endocrine glands.
B) interstitial glands.
C) exocrine glands.
D) merocrine glands.
E) holocrine glands.

Question 41

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

A) mast cells.
B) fibroblasts.
C) plasma cells.
D) mesenchymal stem cells.
E) lymphocytes.

Question 42

The three types of connective tissue include

A) connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
B) epithelial, muscle, and neural.
C) glandular, exocrine, and endocrine.
D) ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
E) all of the above

Question 43

The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

A) areolar connective
B) regular dense connective
C) irregular dense connective
D) reticular connective
E) adipose

Question 44

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

A) perichondrium.
B) lacunae.
C) periosteum.
D) canaliculi.
E) matrix.

Question 45

The type of cartilage found in the intervertebral discs is ________ cartilage.

A) ligamentous
B) hyaline
C) elastic
D) fibrous
E) osseous

Question 46

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

A) adipocytes
B) fibroblasts
C) macrophage
D) mast cell
E) lymphocyte

Question 47

Which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?

A) areolar
B) hyaline cartilage
C) elastic
D) fibrous
E) dense regular

Question 48

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

A) fibroblasts.
B) macrophages.
C) adipocytes.
D) mast cells.
E) all of the above

Question 49

What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?

A) red blood cells
B) white blood cells
C) platelet
D) monocyte
E) phagocyte

Question 50

The dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is

A) collagen.
B) elastin.
C) actin.
D) myosin.
E) connectin.

Question 51

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

A) tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments.
B) loose, dense, and irregular.
C) cartilage, bone, and collagen.
D) collagen, reticular, and elastic.
E) polar, cellular, and permeable.

Question 52

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are

A) tendons.
B) ligaments.
C) dense irregular connective tissues.
D) reticular tissues.
E) areolar tissue.

Question 53

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.

A) Ligaments; tendons
B) Ligaments; aponeuroses
C) Tendons; ligaments
D) Aponeuroses; tendons
E) Reticular tissues; tendons

Question 54

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except

A) tendons.
B) ligaments.
C) dermis.
D) areolar tissue.
E) elastic tissue.

Question 55

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except

A) transporting substances throughout the body.
B) supporting epithelia.
C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves.
D) storing fats.
E) serving as packing material.

Question 56

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

A) blood.
B) epithelium.
C) fat.
D) bone.
E) neural tissue.

Question 57

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of

A) epithelial tissue.
B) cartilage.
C) areolar tissue.
D) elastic connective tissue.
E) adipose tissue.

Question 58

Two classes of macrophages include

A) mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B) mast cells and basophils.
C) fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
D) neutrophils and eosinophils.
E) microphages and adipocytes.

Question 59

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

A) fluid connective tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) supporting connective tissue
D) loose connective tissue
E) adipose tissue

Question 60

Antibodies are produced by

A) macrophages.
B) microphages.
C) plasma cells.
D) mast cells.
E) fibroblasts.

Question 61

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?

A) increase in phagocytes
B) increase in histamine
C) increase in blood flow
D) pale cold skin
E) swelling

Question 62

Which of these refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?

A) superficial fascia
B) hypodermis
C) deep fascia
D) subserous fascia
E) subcutaneous layer

Question 63

Unlike cartilage, bone

A) is a connective tissue.
B) has a matrix that contains collagen.
C) is highly vascular.
D) has an outer covering.
E) has cells within lacunae.

Question 64

Intercalated discs and striations are characteristic of

A) smooth muscle tissue.
B) cardiac muscle tissue.
C) skeletal muscle tissue.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 65

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

A) mucous
B) serous
C) cutaneous
D) synovial
E) pleural

Question 66

The lining of the heart and blood vessels is called ________.

Question 67

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.

A) skeletal
B) cardiac
C) smooth
D) voluntary
E) multinucleated

Question 68

Which of the following statements about tissue swelling that occurs during inflammation is True ?

A) triggered by regeneration
B) triggered by histamine
C) caused by increased endothelial permeability
D) triggered by regeneration, and caused by increased endothelial permeability
E) triggered by histamine, and caused by increased endothelial permeability

Question 69

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

A) cutaneous membranes.
B) mucous membranes.
C) serous membranes.
D) synovial membranes.
E) the lamina propria.

Question 70

Endocrine gland cells produce ________.

Question 71

The study of tissues is called ________.

Question 72

An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions. They are the ________ and the ________.

Question 73

All of the following are True of neurons, except that

A) when mature, they lose the ability to divide.
B) they conduct a nervous impulse.
C) they are composed of dendrites, a cell body and an axon.
D) they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
E) they are the longest cells in the body.

Question 74

Osseous tissue is also called

A) cartilage.
B) fat.
C) cellulite.
D) bone.
E) ligament.

Question 75

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the

A) inner wall of a blood vessel.
B) lungs.
C) spleen.
D) superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
E) bony socket of the eye.

Question 76

Adhesions of abdominopelvic organs occur when

A) serous membranes are damaged.
B) synovial membranes are damaged.
C) muscle is damaged.
D) nerve cells are damaged.
E) any of the above

Question 77

The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as ________.

Question 78

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

A) pleura.
B) peritoneum.
C) pericardium.
D) periosteum.
E) perichondrium.

Question 79

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

A) loose connective
B) dense connective
C) epithelial
D) nerve
E) muscle

Question 80

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.

A) connective
B) neural
C) areolar
D) osseous
E) epithelial