Deck 18: The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Question 1

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) conus arteriosus.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

A) cardiac muscle cells.
B) chondrocytes.
C) epitheliocytes.
D) fibrocytes.
E) smooth muscle cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) conus arteriosus.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.

A) ionic currents
B) action potentials
C) the force of contraction
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 5

Blood is supplied to the left atrium by the

A) brachiocephalic artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) left coronary artery.
D) phrenic arteries.
E) pulmonary arteries.

Question 6

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the

A) pleural space.
B) pericardial space.
C) mediastinum.
D) cardiac notch.
E) ventral cavity.

Question 7

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

A) pulmonary
B) coronary
C) circumflex
D) carotid
E) subclavian

Question 8

Coronary veins empty into the

A) left atrium.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) right ventricle.
E) conus arteriosus.

Question 9

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?

A) pericardial cavity
B) visceral pericardium
C) apex of heart
D) aorta
E) right atrium

Question 10

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

A) cardiac tamponade.
B) mitral valve prolapse.
C) pleural effusion.
D) cardiomyopathy.
E) pericarditis.

Question 11

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

A) mediastinum.
B) parietal pericardium.
C) epicardium.
D) myocardium.
E) endocardium.

Question 12

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

A) right coronary artery.
B) left coronary artery.
C) circumflex artery.
D) coronary sinus.
E) aorta.

Question 13

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

A) ventricle.
B) coronary sinus.
C) coronary sulcus.
D) auricle.
E) atricle.

Question 14

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

A) the coronary sinus.
B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers.
C) the coronary arteries.
D) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
E) none of the above

Question 15

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 10

Question 16

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

A) marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
B) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles.
C) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria.
D) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria.
E) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins.

Question 17

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium.

A) right coronary artery
B) right coronary vein
C) superior vena cava
D) left coronary artery
E) right coronary artery and left coronary artery

Question 18

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) coronary sinus.
D) coronary sulcus.
E) aorta.

Question 19

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain

A) fat.
B) arteries.
C) veins.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 20

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

A) right coronary artery.
B) left coronary artery.
C) interventricular artery.
D) coronary sinus.
E) aorta.

Question 21

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it

A) has a thicker wall.
B) is round in cross section.
C) pumps a greater volume.
D) contracts harder.
E) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.

Question 22

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) intestines.
E) liver.

Question 23

Figure 18-1 The Heart
Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A) cusp of tricuspid valve
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) bicuspid valve
E) ligamentum arteriosum

Question 24

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right because

A) the left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle.
B) the left ventricle pumps against greater resistance than the right ventricle.
C) the left ventricle produces a higher pressure than the right.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 25

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

A) in one direction only.
B) in both directions.
C) in many directions.
D) in opposite directions on the right and left.
E) none of the above

Question 26

As blood leaves the right ventricle it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

A) pulmonary veins
B) pulmonary valve
C) aorta
D) inferior vena cava
E) superior vena cava

Question 27

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 28

The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

A) papillary muscles.
B) trabeculae carneae.
C) chordae tendineae.
D) interatrial septa.
E) coronary sulci.

Question 29

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart.
1) right atrium
2) left atrium
3) right ventricle
4) left ventricle
5) venae cavae
6) aorta
7) pulmonary trunk
8) pulmonary veins
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5
B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5
C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6
E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

Question 30

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) intestines.
E) liver.

Question 31

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A) right and left lungs.
B) left ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) aorta.
E) right atrium.

Question 32

Figure 18-1 The Heart
Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2 1."

A) bicuspid valve
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) ligamentum arteriosum
E) tricuspid valve

Question 33

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

A) mitral
B) bicuspid
C) tricuspid
D) pulmonary semilunar
E) aortic semilunar

Question 34

The function of the atrium is to

A) collect blood.
B) pump blood to the lungs.
C) pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D) pump blood to the ventricle.
E) collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle.

Question 35

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

A) aortic valve.
B) pulmonary valve.
C) mitral valve.
D) tricuspid valve.
E) bicuspid valve.

Question 36

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 16
D) 13
E) both 5 and 16

Question 37

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

A) lungs.
B) right ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary circuit.

Question 38

The right atrium receives blood from the

A) coronary sinus.
B) superior vena cava.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 39

Figure 18-1 The Heart
Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "19."

A) tricuspid valve
B) pulmonary semilunar valve
C) aortic semilunar valve
D) bicuspid valve
E) ligamentum arteriosum

Question 40

Figure 18-1 The Heart
Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "8."

A) moderator band
B) pectinate muscles
C) papillary muscles
D) trabeculae carneae
E) chordae tendineae

Question 41

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen?

A) regurgitation into the right atrium
B) regurgitation into the superior vena cava
C) regurgitation into the left atrium
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 42

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

A) in the opening of the aorta.
B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C) where the venae cavae join the right atrium.
D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 43

When the left ventricle contracts, the distance from the apex to the base

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains unchanged.

Question 44

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) right ventricle.
E) left atrium.

Question 45

Which of the following is greater during left ventricular systole?

A) the peak pressure in the ventricle
B) the peak pressure in the aorta
C) Neither is greater.

Question 46

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

A) mitral regurgitation.
B) mitral valve prolapse.
C) bicuspid regurgitation.
D) bicuspid prolapse.
E) all of the above

Question 47

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

A) semicaval
B) semilunar
C) bicuspid
D) tricuspid
E) pulmonic

Question 48

Arteriosclerosis can lead to

A) hypertension.
B) stroke.
C) coronary artery disease.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 49

David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause

A) increased effort by the right ventricle.
B) increased effort by the left ventricle.
C) regurgitation.
D) increased effort by the right ventricle and regurgitation.
E) increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation.

Question 50

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

A) close.
B) open.
C) make the third heart sound.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 51

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.

A) 30
B) 60
C) 20
D) 50
E) 25

Question 52

The ________ ventricle has a greater workload than the ________.

A) left; right ventricle
B) right; left ventricle
C) right; systemic circulation
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 53

The first heart sound ("lubb")

A) is associated with atrial systole.
B) is associated with closing of the mitral valve.
C) is associated with opening of the mitral valve.
D) is associated with closing of the aortic valve.
E) is associated with opening of the aortic valve.

Question 54

The first heart sound is heard when the

A) AV valves open.
B) AV valves close.
C) semilunar valves close.
D) atria contract.
E) blood enters the aorta.

Question 55

The mitral valve closes

A) when left ventricular pressure exceeds left atrial pressure.
B) at the beginning of ventricular systole.
C) at the same time at the tricuspid valve.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 56

Contractions of the papillary muscles

A) close the atrioventricular valves.
B) close the semilunar valves.
C) eject blood from the ventricles.
D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.

Question 57

________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation.

A) Systole; diastole
B) Diastole; systole
C) Filling; relaxing
D) Ejection; filling
E) Systole; diastole or Ejection; filling

Question 58

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.

Question 59

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the

A) atrial systole.
B) early diastolic filling phase.
C) late diastolic filling phase.
D) ventricular ejection of ventricular systole.
E) dicrotic phase.

Question 60

During the isovolumetric contraction phase of ventricular systole, the

A) atria are contracting and the ventricles are relaxing.
B) atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves are closed.
C) blood is ejected into the great vessels.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 61

During ventricular systole, the

A) atria are contracting.
B) blood is entering the ventricles.
C) AV valves are closed.
D) pressure in the ventricles remains constant.
E) pressure in the aorta remains constant.

Question 62

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the

A) heart rate will increase.
B) heart rate will decrease.
C) membrane will depolarize.
D) membrane will hyperpolarize.
E) both heart rate will decrease and membrane will hyperpolarize.

Question 63

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the

A) Purkinje fibers.
B) sinoatrial node.
C) atrioventricular node.
D) wall of the left ventricle.
E) both the left and right ventricles.

Question 64

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.
1) Purkinje fibers
2) AV bundle
3) AV node
4) SA node
5) bundle branches
The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5.
B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1.
C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1.
D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.

Question 65

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit

A) tonus.
B) treppe.
C) tetany.
D) recruitment.
E) fatigue.

Question 66

In cardiac muscle

A) calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules.
C) calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction.
D) calcium ions enter the cell through slow ion channels.
E) calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.

Question 67

Figure 18-2 Cardiac Cycle
Use Figure 18-2 to answer the following questions:
What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph?

A) AV valve opens
B) semilunar valve opens
C) diastolic refilling begins
D) both AV valve opens and diastolic refilling begins
E) both semilunar valve opens and diastolic refilling begins

Question 68

The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute.

A) 6,000
B) 15,000
C) 20,000
D) 50,000
E) 100,000

Question 69

The AV node delivers the stimulus to the AV bundle, located within the interventricular septum.

A) The first part of the statement is True but the second part is False
)
B) The first part of the statement is False but the second part is True
)
C) Both parts of the statement are True .
D) Both parts of the statement are False .

Question 70

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

A) end-diastolic volume.
B) end-systolic volume.
C) stroke volume.
D) cardiac output.
E) cardiac reserve.

Question 71

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
C) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.
D) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
E) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.

Question 72

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

A) the ventricles will beat faster.
B) the ventricles will beat more slowly.
C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged.
D) cardiac output will increase.
E) all of the above

Question 73

Pacemaker cells in the SA node

A) have a well-defined resting potential.
B) generate action potentials that spread to the myocardium.
C) are highly contractile.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 74

Figure 18-2 Cardiac Cycle
Use Figure 18-2 to answer the following questions:
What occurs at "A" on the graph?

A) semilunar valve opens
B) semilunar valve closes
C) AV valve opens
D) AV valve closes
E) end-systolic volume

Question 75

Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute.

A) 20-40
B) 40-60
C) 80-100
D) 100-140
E) 140-180

Question 76

Figure 18-2 Cardiac Cycle
Use Figure 18-2 to answer the following questions:
What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph?

A) peak systolic pressure
B) isovolumetric systole
C) isovolumetric contraction
D) ventricular refilling
E) increased heart rate

Question 77

Figure 18-2 Cardiac Cycle
Use Figure 18-2 to answer the following questions:
What occurs at "B" on the graph?

A) semilunar valve opens
B) semilunar valve closes
C) AV valve opens
D) end-systolic volume

Question 78

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because

A) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.
B) neural stimulation is lacking.
C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
D) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension.
E) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels.

Question 79

Figure 18-2 Cardiac Cycle
Use Figure 18-2 to answer the following questions:
What occurs at the circled label "4" on the graph?

A) peak systolic pressure
B) isovolumetric systole
C) isovolumetric contraction
D) ventricular refilling
E) increased heart rate

Question 80

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane into the cell.
B) calcium channels remaining open.
C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion.
D) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.
E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.