Deck 25: The Reproductive System

Question 1

The cells that are formed during spermatogenesis by the first meiosis are called

A) spermatogonia.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatids.
E) spermatozoa.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The spermatic cord is

A) a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis.
B) a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity.
C) the external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum.
D) a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac.
E) a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the

A) spermatic cord.
B) raphe.
C) tunica albuginea.
D) acrosome.
E) dartos muscle.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 25-1 The Male Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "4."

A) testis
B) prostate gland
C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
D) epididymis
E) ductus deferens

Question 5

The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the

A) median raphe.
B) spermatic cord.
C) tunica albuginea.
D) dartos.
E) epididymis.

Question 6

Contraction of the cremaster muscles

A) relaxes the scrotal sac.
B) pulls the testes closer to the body cavity.
C) propels sperm through the urethra.
D) moves sperm through the ductus deferens.
E) both relaxes the scrotal sac and propels sperm through the urethra.

Question 7

When spermatogonia divide, the daughter cells are called

A) spermatogonia.
B) spermatocytes.
C) spermatids.
D) spermatozoa.
E) Sertoli cells.

Question 8

Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body?

A) the cremaster
B) the tunica muscularis
C) the biceps brachii
D) the dartos
E) both the cremaster and the dartos

Question 9

Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into

A) seminiferous tubules.
B) straight tubules.
C) lobules.
D) rete testorum.
E) the epididymis and the testis proper.

Question 10

The reproductive system includes

A) gonads and external genitalia.
B) ducts that receive and transport the gametes.
C) accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 11

The process of spermiogenesis produces

A) spermatogonia.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatids.
E) spermatozoa.

Question 12

Contraction of the dartos muscle

A) elevates the scrotal sac.
B) produces an erection.
C) propels sperm through the urethra.
D) moves sperm through the ductus deferens.
E) initiates seminal emission.

Question 13

Figure 25-1 The Male Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "3."

A) corpora cavernosa
B) prostatic urethra
C) corpus spongiosum
D) penile urethra
E) ejaculatory duct

Question 14

Figure 25-1 The Male Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A) testis
B) prostate gland
C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
D) epididymis
E) ductus deferens

Question 15

Sperm develop from stem cells called

A) spermatogonia.
B) primary spermatocytes.
C) secondary spermatocytes.
D) spermatids.
E) spermatozoa.

Question 16

The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems?

A) muscular
B) urinary
C) endocrine
D) digestive
E) integumentary

Question 17

Figure 25-1 The Male Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "1 1."

A) bulbourethral gland
B) prostate gland
C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle)
D) epididymis
E) ductus deferens

Question 18

What is produced by the structure labeled "7"?

A) seminal fluids
B) spermatozoa
C) testosterone
D) FSH
E) both spermatozoa and testosterone

Question 19

The ________ connect the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis.

A) efferent ductules
B) straight tubules
C) spermatic cords
D) ductus deferentia
E) inguinal canals

Question 20

What is the function of gonads?

A) produce gametes
B) transport gametes
C) produce hormones
D) produce gametes and produce hormones
E) none of the above

Question 21

Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by

A) hydrostatic force.
B) ciliary action.
C) peristaltic contractions.
D) suction.
E) hydraulic action.

Question 22

During meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes fuse together during the process called ________ to form a ________.

A) synapsis; chromatid
B) prophase I; chromatid
C) synapsis; spermatid
D) metaphase II; tetrad
E) synapsis; tetrad

Question 23

Which of the following occurs after a spermatogonium completes cell division?

A) Mature spermatozoa enter the lumen.
B) Fusion of diploid nuclei occurs.
C) The daughter cell is directed toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.
D) Gamete production accelerates.
E) Spermiogenesis begins.

Question 24

The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the

A) ductus deferens.
B) rete testis.
C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).
D) epididymis.
E) prostate gland.

Question 25

Spermatozoa are functionally matured within the

A) epididymis.
B) ductus deferens.
C) rete testes.
D) seminiferous tubules.
E) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).

Question 26

The organ that is posterior to the urinary bladder is (are) the

A) prostate gland.
B) bulbourethral gland.
C) seminal glands (seminal vesicles).
D) corpus cavernosum.
E) preputial gland.

Question 27

The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

A) ductus deferens.
B) epididymis.
C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) corpus cavernosum.

Question 28

Secondary spermatocytes divide to produce ________ spermatids having ________ chromosomes each.

A) millions of; 46
B) four; 23
C) one; 46
D) millions of; 23
E) four; 46

Question 29

The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the

A) seminal vesicles.
B) prostate glands.
C) preputial glands.
D) Bartholin glands.
E) bulbo-urethral glands.

Question 30

Secondary spermatocytes each contain

A) 23 single chromosomes.
B) 23 duplicates of chromosomes.
C) twice the diploid number of chromosomes.
D) 46 pairs of chromosomes.
E) 46 chromosomes.

Question 31

Nurse cells

A) are found in the seminiferous tubules.
B) form the blood-testis barrier.
C) coordinate spermatogenesis.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 32

How many tetrads form during synapsis?

A) 23
B) hundreds
C) thousands
D) 46
E) 4

Question 33

Interstitial cells produce

A) sperm.
B) inhibin.
C) nutrients.
D) androgens.
E) androgen-binding protein.

Question 34

The special type of cell division required to produce gametes is called

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) maturation.
D) capacitation.
E) fertilization.

Question 35

The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the

A) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).
B) bulbourethral gland.
C) prostate gland.
D) preputial gland.
E) Bartholin's gland.

Question 36

Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus.
1) ductus deferens
2) urethra
3) ejaculatory duct
4) epididymis

A) 1, 3, 4, 2
B) 4, 3, 1, 2
C) 4, 1, 2, 3
D) 4, 1, 3, 2
E) 1, 4, 3, 2

Question 37

Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa?

A) in the seminiferous tubules
B) in the head of the epididymis
C) in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct
D) in the seminal gland
E) in the prostate gland

Question 38

In a mature human spermatozoan,

A) the acrosome is next to the nucleus.
B) the midpiece contains the chromosomes.
C) the tail contains the mitochondria.
D) the head contains 23 chromosomes.
E) the acrosome is next to the nucleus, and the head contains 23 chromosomes.

Question 39

Sperm production occurs in the

A) ductus deferens.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) epididymis.
D) seminal glands (seminal vesicles).
E) rete testis.

Question 40

Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following, except

A) production of spermatozoa.
B) meeting the nutrient needs of spermatozoa for motility.
C) propelling spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract.
D) producing buffers.
E) activating the spermatozoa.

Question 41

Figure 25-2 The Female Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A) vagina
B) uterine tube
C) clitoris
D) ureter
E) ovary

Question 42

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is

A) FSH.
B) LH.
C) ACTH.
D) ADH.
E) GH.

Question 43

Interstitial cells

A) are found in the areolar tissue between the tubules.
B) respond to luteinizing hormone.
C) produce testosterone.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 44

The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the

A) membranous urethra.
B) penile urethra.
C) glans penis.
D) corpus spongiosum.
E) corpus cavernosum.

Question 45

The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the

A) ejaculatory duct.
B) prepuce.
C) corpus cavernosum.
D) corpus spongiosum.
E) penile urethra.

Question 46

The primary role of FSH in males is to

A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone.
B) stimulate the nurse cells to produce inhibin.
C) initiate sperm production in the testes.
D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics.
E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.

Question 47

For erection to occur

A) there must be sufficient blood hydrostatic pressure.
B) the sacral spinal cord must be intact.
C) nitric oxide must be present.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 48

The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following, except that they

A) maintain the blood-testis barrier.
B) support spermiogenesis.
C) secrete inhibin.
D) secrete testosterone.
E) secrete androgen-binding protein.

Question 49

A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will

A) not develop secondary sex characteristics.
B) be sterile.
C) be impotent.
D) have impaired function of the interstitial cells.
E) produce large amounts of inhibin.

Question 50

The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the

A) membranous urethra.
B) penile urethra.
C) corpus spongiosum.
D) corpora cavernosa.
E) prepuce.

Question 51

A male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a daily basis. After 3 weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe?

A) increased sex drive
B) decreased levels of GnRH
C) decreased levels of LH and FSH
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 52

Figure 25-2 The Female Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A) uterus
B) vagina
C) cervix
D) clitoris
E) greater vestibular gland

Question 53

Contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles result in

A) erection.
B) emission.
C) ejaculation.
D) detumescence.
E) impotence.

Question 54

Emission and ejaculation

A) occurs under sympathetic stimulation.
B) begins with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla.
C) is responsible for propelling semen into the female reproductive tract.
D) involves contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle.
E) all of the above

Question 55

The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the

A) urethra.
B) ejaculatory duct.
C) penis.
D) corpus cavernosum.
E) corpus spongiosum.

Question 56

Sperm cannot fertilize an ovum unless it has been in the female reproductive tract for several hours. This enhanced ability of the sperm to fertilize the ovum is called capacitation. In vitro studies indicate that freshly ejaculated sperm can fertilize the ovum if they are first rinsed in salt solution before being introduced to the ovum. These observations suggest that

A) the process of capacitation involves the removal of some inhibiting substances from the sperm.
B) the process of capacitation is temperature dependent.
C) in capacitation, secretions of the female reproductive tract are taken up by the sperm.
D) pH is an important factor in the process of capacitation.
E) only sperm that come into contact with vaginal secretions are capable of fertilizing an ovum.

Question 57

Figure 25-2 The Female Reproductive System
Use Figure 25-2 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "12."

A) uterus
B) vagina
C) clitoris
D) labium minus
E) ovary

Question 58

The region where blood vessels enter the ovary is called the

A) infundibulopelvic ligament.
B) tunica albuginea.
C) ovarian umbilical cord.
D) ovarian hilum.
E) ovarian ligament.

Question 59

Testosterone is secreted by the

A) hypothalamus.
B) adenohypophysis.
C) nurse cells.
D) interstitial cells.
E) suprarenal cortex.

Question 60

The broad ligament is

A) an extensive mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
B) a thickened fold of mesentery that supports and stabilizes the position of the ovary.
C) a pocket formed between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior surface of the rectum.
D) a structure that anchors the ovary to the rectouterine pouch.
E) a structure that extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall.

Question 61

Which of the following is greater?

A) the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at birth
B) the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at puberty

Question 62

The ________ is the rounded portion of the uterine body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes.

A) body
B) cervix
C) myometrium
D) fundus
E) internal os

Question 63

The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete

A) estrogens.
B) progesterone.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GnRH.

Question 64

The thick muscular layer of the uterus is the

A) endometrium.
B) perimetrium.
C) myometrium.
D) uterometrium.
E) none of the above

Question 65

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term uterine tube?

A) has ciliated epithelium
B) has stratified squamous epithelium
C) covers the glans penis or glans clitoris
D) where mature sperm are stored and processed
E) passes through erectile tissue in males

Question 66

The average length of the uterine cycle is

A) 16 days.
B) 19 days.
C) 21 days.
D) 28 days.
E) 35 days.

Question 67

Each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is True , except that

A) oogenesis begins before birth.
B) ova develop from stem cells called oogonia.
C) an ovum completes its last meiosis after it is fertilized.
D) about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty.
E) by the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes.

Question 68

The organ that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

A) uterosacral ligament.
B) vagina.
C) uterine tube.
D) infundibulum.
E) myometrium.

Question 69

Which structure is lined by a ciliated epithelium?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 9
D) 11
E) 12

Question 70

The termination of the uterine cycle at age 45-55 is called ________.

A) menarche
B) menstruation
C) menopause
D) basilar phase
E) menses

Question 71

The organ that provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo is the

A) vagina.
B) uterine tube.
C) ovary.
D) uterus.
E) cervix.

Question 72

The primary follicle develops from the

A) ovarian hilum.
B) ovarian follicles.
C) primordial follicle.
D) ovarian stroma.
E) granulosa cells.

Question 73

This is the structure that ruptures during ovulation.

A) cortical gyrus
B) tertiary follicle
C) secondary follicle
D) theca interna
E) all of the above

Question 74

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle,

A) the corpus luteum is forming.
B) the functional zone of the endometrium is restored.
C) the fertilized ovum implants.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 75

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term endometrium?

A) thick layer of smooth muscle cells
B) supports the uterus anteriorly
C) supports the uterus laterally
D) consists of a basilar zone and a functional zone
E) after ovulation, the ovum is captured by it

Question 76

What is produced by the structure labeled "1"?

A) ova
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) inhibin
E) all of the above

Question 77

Which region of the uterine tube captures the ovum?

A) ampulla
B) anterior segment
C) infundibulum
D) posterior segment
E) isthmus

Question 78

The inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina is the

A) isthmus.
B) fornix.
C) fundus.
D) body.
E) cervix.

Question 79

All of the following are True of the vagina, except that it

A) serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluids.
B) receives the penis during coitus.
C) holds spermatozoa prior to their passage to the uterus.
D) forms the lower portion of the birth canal.
E) loses a portion of its lining during menses.

Question 80

The portion of the uterine tube that ends in fingerlike fimbriae is the

A) ampulla.
B) distal segment.
C) infundibulum.
D) proximal segment.
E) isthmus.