Deck 2: Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

In _____, patients have difficulties understanding speech.

A) Wernicke's aphasia
B) Broca's aphasia

Answer 1

Wernicke's aphasia

Question 2

Which is the correct order of the parts of a neuron?

A) Dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse
B) Cell body, dendrites, axon, synapse
C) Synapse, axon, cell body, dendrites
D) Dendrites, axon, synapse, cell body

Answer 2

Dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse

Question 3

The ion that is mainly responsible for maintaining the positive charge found in the extracellular space of a neuron at rest is _____.

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) chlorine
D) calcium

Answer 3

sodium

Question 4

The frontal lobe has an important role in reasoning, while the temporal lobe has a role in language. This illustrates what principle?

A) functionalism
B) localization
C) specialization
D) depolarization

Question 5

All of the following are required in a neuron's ability to communicate with other neurons except _____.

A) nucleus
B) dendrites
C) axon
D) myelin sheath

Question 6

The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released and received is called the _____.

A) terminal
B) myelin sheath
C) synapse
D) axon

Question 7

_____ is a technique that is often used in sleep studies, and measures the activity of large groups of neurons.

A) Magnetoencephalography
B) Electroencephalography
C) Single-cell recording
D) Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 8

Neuroscientists have learned a great deal about which brain areas contribute to different cognitive abilities through _____.

A) blood tests
B) childhood photographs of patients
C) case studies
D) textbooks

Question 9

A group of clinical researchers have spent 10 years observing Tony, a man who sustained damage to his inferior temporal cortex. While they have documented a great deal of information on Tony, there are several issues they may encounter with their findings. Which is NOT one of the potential problems?

A) The brain damage is not controlled by researchers
B) It may be difficult to determine what area of damage has resulted in specific deficits
C) They can generalize their findings to other people with damage to the same areas
D) They cannot study the consequences damage[either damages or consequences, right?]f to other parts of the brain by observing Tony

Question 10

The _____ is important for _____.

A) temporal lobe; emotional regulation and decision making
B) visual cortex; sensation
C) parietal lobe; speech
D) frontal lobe; emotional regulation and decision making

Question 11

Jolie suffered brain damage that caused deficits to her short-term memory, but her long-term memory was left intact. Which brain area is likely damaged that would account for this short-term memory deficit?

A) Wernicke's area
B) frontal lobe
C) hippocampus
D) temporal lobe

Question 12

One of the first clinical cases that contributed to our knowledge of brain function, Phinneas Gage, suffered damage to his _____.

A) temporal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) occipital lobe

Question 13

Oliver Sacks documented a patient that was unable to distinguish between living and nonliving things. Such a deficit likely resulted from damage to the _____.

A) frontal lobe
B) inferior parietal cortex
C) visual cortex
D) inferior temporal cortex

Question 14

_____ is the inability to correctly recognize objects, and is associated with damage to the _____.

A) Object agnosia; inferior temporal cortex
B) Wernicke's aphasia; inferior temporal cortex
C) Object agnosia; inferior frontal cortex
D) Aphasia; inferior temporal cortex

Question 15

Although Jenelle is capable of fluid thought processes, she has trouble producing fluid speech. She likely has _____.

A) Wernicke's aphasia
B) Broca's aphasia

Question 16

A researcher is interested in determining the function of a particular neuron in a drosophila. What technique might they use?

A) Single-cell recording
B) Case study
C) Electroencephalography
D) Magnetoencephalography

Question 17

John has sustained damage to an area of the brain known as Wernicke's area. What task is he likely to have difficulty with?

A) Speech production
B) Sensation
C) Speech comprehension
D) Object recognition

Question 18

The brain is composed of billions of _____.

A) cortices
B) neurons
C) lobes
D) synapses

Question 19

Broca's area is located in the _____, while Wernicke's area is located in the _____.

A) left temporal lobe; left frontal lobe
B) right temporal lobe; right frontal lobe
C) left frontal lobe; left temporal lobe
D) right frontal lobe; right temporal lobe

Question 20

The four lobes of the brain all have different functions. This exhibits what principle?

A) specialization
B) depolarization
C) functionalism
D) lateralization

Question 21

Patients that have suffered brain damage have mistaken furniture for people.

Question 22

It is suggested that the brain activity seen approximately half of a second before initiating a behavior is indicative of _____.

A) The brain regretting the behavior
B) The brain's readiness to carry out the behavior
C) The actual behavior itself
D) The brain making a decision about the behavior

Question 23

_____ would be the best technique for determining what cortical brain areas are active during speech.

A) Magnetoencephalography
B) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
C) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
D) Positron Emission Tomography

Question 24

All behavior can undoubtedly be connected to specific brain activity.

Question 25

In order for an action potential to be transmitted to the next neuron, it must first be _____ at the axon hillock.

A) weakened
B) strengthened
C) generated
D) terminated

Question 26

Dr. Brown is interested in measuring the differences in brain activity between two subsets of patients. Which method would be the most appropriate and safest one for him to use to achieve this?

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Functional magnetic resonance imaging
C) Positron emission tomography
D) Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 27

Dr. Smith wants to assess the effect of inhibiting a particular area of the brain on a person's behavior. Which technique would best accomplish this?

A) Electroencephalography
B) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
C) Positron Emission Tomography
D) Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 28

Complex cognitive tasks are a function of distributed processing in the brain.

Question 29

Damage to the frontal lobe would likely cause deficits in _____.

A) reasoning
B) vision
C) sensation
D) speech comprehension

Question 30

During an action potential, there is an exchange of positive and negative ions between the extracellular and intracellular fluid.

Question 31

Myelin sheath is present on all neurons.

Question 32

In order to learn how to perform stereotaxic surgery on a laboratory animal, Jennifer watched her mentor perform a surgery first. What was likely active at the time of her observations, as well as when she performed the surgery herself?

A) The frontal lobe
B) Wernicke's area
C) Mirror neurons
D) The inferior temporal cortex

Question 33

Patient H. M. lost the ability to form new memories, but his long-term memory remained intact.

Question 34

Dr. Johnson suspects that a patient he has recently seen may have a brain tumor. Which technique would be the best option for him to use in terms of confirming this suspicion?

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Positron Emission Tomography
C) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
D) Electroencephalography

Question 35

Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a temporal image of the brain, while functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging captures only spatial images of the brain.

Question 36

Positron Emission Tomography is a safe and noninvasive way to image the brain.

Question 37

Phinneas Gage had damage to his temporal lobe.

Question 38

All of the following are noninvasive ways of imaging the brain, except:

A) Magnetic resonance imaging
B) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) Positron emission tomography
D) Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 39

Brain recording and brain imaging techniques have allowed scientists to link brain function to _____.

A) cognition
B) movement
C) speech
D) disease

Question 40

Conducting a case study on a patient with damage to their frontal lobe has the potential to reveal a great deal of information about our brain's role in vision.

Question 41

Discuss how case studies have contributed to our understanding of how the brain works.

Question 42

Compare and contrast the various brain imaging methods.

Question 43

Discuss the activities that take place during an action potential.