Deck 19: Homeostasis, Reproduction, and Development

Question 1

Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue?

A)skin
B)tendons
C)bone
D)neurons

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about hermaphrodites is true?

A)They can mate with every individual of the same species that they encounter.
B)They can generally fertilize their own eggs.
C)They have either testes or ovaries.
D)Most animals reproduce using hermaphroditic reproduction.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Mature female eggs develop under the control of hormones within the

A)cervix.
B)ovaries.
C)uterus.
D)oviduct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes tissues from organs?

A)Organs consist of cells, whereas tissues do not.
B)Organs are limited to one location in the human body, whereas most tissues move throughout the body.
C)Each organ performs multiple functions, whereas a designated tissue performs only one function.
D)Organs consist of multiple tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types.

Question 5

Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT used by animals?

A)sexual reproduction involving sperm and eggs
B)asexual reproduction involving only one animal
C)asexual reproduction involving sperm and eggs
D)a piece of an animal breaking off and growing into a new individual

Question 6

After about an hour of basking in the sun, the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37°C, and the animal dives into the water to feed. In the water, its body temperature rapidly drops, and the iguana must return to the rocks to warm up. This process is an example of

A)tissue shock.
B)negative feedback.
C)set point control.
D)positive feedback.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about sexual reproduction in animals is true?

A)Only one parent contributes genes to the offspring.
B)Both parents contribute genes to the offspring.
C)The offspring are identical to their parents.
D)Only one parent is needed to produce offspring.

Question 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction in animals?

A)Both processes increase genetic variation in offspring.
B)Both forms of reproduction produce offspring that have double the amount of genetic information of the parent(s).
C)Both asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction rely on parental chromosomes to mix in new ways.
D)Both processes generate offspring that carry parental genes.

Question 9

Some species of fish that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean have evolved an "antifreeze" protein. Why might this protein be important to homeostasis?

A)The protein might be involved in transporting water into fish cells during cold weather. The more water in the cell, the smaller the chance that ice crystals will form inside it.
B)The protein might prevent ice crystals from forming inside fish cells, which would prevent damage to the plasma membrane when temperatures are low.
C)The protein might be involved in removing solutes from fish cells during cold weather. With fewer solutes in the cell, essential chemical reactions are more likely to occur.
D)The protein might allow this species of fish to survive global warming by enabling the fish to carry out chemical reactions that would normally be prevented by warm temperatures.

Question 10

Some organisms switch from male to female, or vice versa. The most likely reason for the change is the

A)loss of reproductive ability.
B)loss of chromosomes from one year to the next.
C)ability to reproduce asexually versus sexually.
D)availability of environmental resources.

Question 11

How do living systems "know" the appropriate temperature or water content within that system?

A)Living systems depend on signals from the environment to regulate these conditions.
B)Organisms have a genetically predetermined set point that must be internally maintained.
C)Living systems monitor positive feedback mechanisms and shut off negative feedback loops to regulate these processes.
D)Actually, most living systems do not regulate temperature or water content, so these features typically fluctuate greatly.

Question 12

The number of chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes is fewer than in primary spermatocytes because

A)sister chromatids are separated during meiosis II.
B)sister chromatids are separated during meiosis I.
C)homologous pairs are separated during meiosis II.
D)homologous pairs are separated during meiosis I.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is true?

A)Negative feedback stops a process before it reaches its set point.
B)Negative feedback determines what the set point of a process should be.
C)Negative feedback slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reached.
D)Negative feedback prevents positive feedback.

Question 14

Which of the following terms describes how the male sperm and the female egg typically fuse in animals?

A)internal fertilization
B)hormonal contraception
C)spermatogenesis
D)hermaphroditism

Question 15

Which of the following statements distinguishes gamete formation in human males from gamete formation in human females?

A)Human males have a shorter reproductive lifespan than human females.
B)Human males make sperm throughout their lives, beginning at puberty, whereas human females are born with all the eggs that may be fertilized.
C)Human males produce gametes in the gonads, whereas human females produce eggs in the gut.
D)Human males make two polar bodies during spermatogenesis, whereas human females do not.

Question 16

For homework, your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?

A)tissues
B)organ systems
C)cells
D)organs

Question 17

During blood clotting, a broken blood vessel triggers a cascade of factors that collectively reduce blood loss. In this example, the clotting factors are functioning as part of

A)thermoregulation.
B)a negative feedback loop.
C)osmoregulation.
D)a positive feedback loop.

Question 18

Which of the following is a collection of organs?

A)bone, tendons, and fat
B)reproductive, immune, and integumentary
C)heart, lungs, and liver
D)neurons, smooth muscle, and skin

Question 19

Insulin is a protein hormone that helps cells use glucose. In type 1 diabetes, insulin-making cells in the pancreas are attacked and destroyed. This is an example of

A)the digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems affecting one another.
B)the importance of only one system being needed to perform a function.
C)the importance of the excretory system in removing wastes and other toxins from the body.
D)the endocrine, digestive, circulatory, and immune systems affecting one another.

Question 20

Which of the following would be found in the oviduct immediately after fertilization?

A)an embryo
B)an ovum
C)a zygote
D)a spermatocyte

Question 21

Which of the following sequences places spermatogenesis in the correct order from start to finish?

A)sperm, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, diploid precursor cell
B)diploid precursor cell, secondary spermatocytes, primary spermatocyte, sperm
C)primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, diploid precursor cell, sperm
D)diploid precursor cell, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, sperm

Question 22

Which of the following is a product of meiosis I that is NOT in the lineage of ovum formation?

A)the secondary oocyte
B)the second polar body
C)the primary oocyte
D)the first polar body

Question 23

By the end of a normal first trimester, the zygote

A)has not yet developed visible limbs.
B)has developed recognizable arms and legs.
C)has reached its birth length.
D)has gained about 50 percent of its birth weight.

Question 24

Which of the following forms of contraception is chemical in nature?

A)a female condom
B)birth control pills
C)a contraceptive sponge
D)sterilization

Question 25

Which of the locations highlighted in this figure is the site of embryo implantation?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 26

Which of the following is a product of the first round of meiosis in males?

A)primary oocyte
B)sperm
C)first polar body
D)secondary spermatocytes

Question 27

Which of the following sequences places the direction traveled by an egg in the correct order?

A)ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina
B)oviduct, uterus, ovary, vagina
C)uterus, ovary, oviduct, vagina
D)vagina, uterus, ovary, oviduct

Question 28

Significant weight gain and the growth of hair on the head are events that occur during which trimester of pregnancy?

A)the first trimester
B)the second trimester
C)the third trimester
D)It varies, depending on when the mother eats the most.

Question 29

When is fetal development initiated?

A)at the establishment of organ systems
B)at the beginning of a heartbeat
C)when the baby's sex is determined
D)when hair begins to grow on the baby's body

Question 30

Sperm that is ejaculated from the body would pass through which of the following structures last?

A)the vas deferens
B)the seminiferous tubules
C)the penis
D)the testes

Question 31

Which cell in this figure is the first to be haploid?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 32

During gestation, human development is divided into several stages called

A)semesters.
B)trimesters.
C)conceptions.
D)gestations.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about human sperm and eggs is correct?

A)Sperm are visible to the eye, whereas eggs are microscopic.
B)A woman's supply of eggs is limitless.
C)Eggs have twice as much genetic information as sperm have.
D)Sperm are much smaller than eggs.

Question 34

A human female has a diploid chromosome number of 46 (2n = 46). Based on this information, which of the following cells is NOT properly matched with its chromosome number?

A)diploid precursor cell: 46 chromosomes
B)egg: 23 chromosomes
C)secondary oocyte: 46 chromosomes
D)first polar body: 23 chromosomes

Question 35

Disruptions to the development of a zygote can happen at any time during pregnancy. Which of the following would be the most vulnerable time period in the development of a zygote/fetus/embryo?

A)the first week
B)the twentieth week
C)the thirtieth week
D)the fortieth week

Question 36

Which letter in Figure 19.7 identifies a primary spermatocyte?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 37

The human embryo develops in a fluid-filled sac called the

A)uterus.
B)placenta.
C)umbilical cord.
D)amnion.

Question 38

Which structure in the male reproductive tract has a function similar to that of the female fallopian tubes?

A)the vas deferens
B)the seminiferous tubules
C)the penis
D)the testes

Question 39

Which cell in Figure 19.7 is a diploid cell and contains duplicated chromosomes?

A)the secondary oocyte
B)the egg
C)the primary oocyte
D)the first polar body

Question 40

Your friend Tula, who is pregnant, learns that you are studying biology and tries to quiz you about your knowledge of pregnancy. She tells you that her baby has just starting kicking, and she asks you to guess how far along she is. Based on your understanding of life in the womb, you would answer that she is about ________ month(s) pregnant.

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)7

Question 41

In humans, sperm that is deposited within the vaginal tract eventually reaches an egg in the oviduct. This process, which is common to land animals, is called ________ fertilization.

Question 42

Which of the following forms of contraception is LEAST likely to prevent a woman from becoming pregnant?

A)an intrauterine device
B)birth control pills
C)a male condom
D)a diaphragm

Question 43

Based on your knowledge of the significant role that proteins play in living systems, explain why it is critical for humans to maintain a temperature set point of around 37ᵒC.

Question 44

Positive feedback occurs when the hormone oxytocin stimulates ________ to increase the number and intensity of contractions during labor and delivery.

Question 45

Various forms of contraception prevent pregnancy. What are the similarities between birth control pills and a diaphragm? How do the modes of action of these two contraceptive tools differ?

Question 46

The contraceptive method that seals the female oviduct is

A)the intrauterine device.
B)female sterilization.
C)the diaphragm.
D)the female condom.

Question 47

In the last few weeks of pregnancy, the level of estrogen in the woman's blood rises. This increase causes

A)the fetus to develop more rapidly.
B)the amount of prostaglandins secreted by the placenta to decrease.
C)the muscles of the uterus to become more sensitive to the hormone oxytocin.
D)even more estrogen to be released from the pituitary gland.

Question 48

In an ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants on the wall of the oviduct. In many cases the zygote must be removed surgically and the developing zygote is lost. Explain how fertilization leading to a productive pregnancy should occur. In your answer, be sure to indicate the proper locations of ovum fertilization, and of implantation and development of the zygote.

Question 49

A plastic pouch that lines the vagina and prevents the entry of sperm is called a ________.

Question 50

A collection of one or more cell types that carry out distinct and coordinated activities in the body is called ________.

Question 51

In humans, the average time period for development from zygote to completion is ________ weeks.

Question 52

Explain the benefit to species that reproduce using organisms that are hermaphrodites.

Question 53

During an exam review session, your classmate claims that tissues and organs are the same thing because they both contain cells. You review your notes to compare and contrast these components of living systems. Use the space below to explain why your classmate's comment is incorrect.

Question 54

Ramona is pregnant and she would like to find out the sex of the baby before her delivery date. Because this is her first baby, she doesn't know when she should have an ultrasound to determine the baby's sex. At what point in time during fetal development do a baby's sexual organs develop? How does this point differ from when the child is genetically designated to develop into a male or a female?

Question 55

In homeostatic regulation, cells seek to ensure relatively constant conditions by maintaining a normal state called the ________.

Question 56

When certain hormones are added to the uterus, they induce thickening in the cells lining its walls. Which of the following hormones is likely to be responsible for this change?

A)estrodiol
B)testosterone
C)progesterone
D)follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 57

The ________ is the site of ovum fertilization in human females.

Question 58

Compare and contrast the process of gamete formation in human males versus human females.

Question 59

In human males, spermatogenesis occurs in the ________.

Question 60

Which of the following hormones is partially responsible for initiating labor contractions?

A)luteinizing hormone
B)oxytocin
C)testosterone
D)progesterone

Question 61

Match the male and female reproductive structures with the roles that they perform during fertilization.
a.oviduct
d.penis
b.vagina
e.ovary
c.uterus
f.testes
male reproductive structure that deposits sperm into the female

Question 62

Match the male and female reproductive structures with the roles that they perform during fertilization.
a.oviduct
d.penis
b.vagina
e.ovary
c.uterus
f.testes
sites of spermatogenesis in sexually-mature males

Question 63

Explain how the hormone oxytocin plays a role in the progression of labor.

Question 64

Match the male and female reproductive structures with the roles that they perform during fertilization.
a.oviduct
d.penis
b.vagina
e.ovary
c.uterus
f.testes
female reproductive tract where sperm is deposited

Question 65

Match the male and female reproductive structures with the roles that they perform during fertilization.
a.oviduct
d.penis
b.vagina
e.ovary
c.uterus
f.testes
organ where zygote implants and embryo gestates

Question 66

Match the male and female reproductive structures with the roles that they perform during fertilization.
a.oviduct
d.penis
b.vagina
e.ovary
c.uterus
f.testes
hollow tubule where fertilization occurs

Question 67

Match the male and female reproductive structures with the roles that they perform during fertilization.
a.oviduct
d.penis
b.vagina
e.ovary
c.uterus
f.testes
site of oocyte production and maturation