Deck 21: Populations Evolve in Ecosystems

Question 1

Which is true regarding natural selection?

A)There is an ideal organism which evolution is leading towards.
B)The pressure to evolve comes from within.
C)Could be summarized as "survival of the fittest."
D)Macroevolution leads to microevolution.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the aftermath of the Sichuan province earthquake of May 2008,the remaining population might demonstrate _____________ .

A)a bottleneck effect
B)a founder effect
C)gene flow
D)genetic drift

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What should be true about the DNA of closely related species?

A)Very different
B)Identical
C)At least 20% similarity
D)Nearly identical

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Carnivores are also called ____________ because they eat herbivores.

A)omnivores
B)autotrophic
C)secondary consumers
D)primary producers

Question 5

Communities are defined as interacting groups of _________ .

A)biomes
B)ecosystems
C)populations
D)biospheres

Question 6

Human cytochrome c protein is virtually identical to cytochrome c in which organism?

A)Lamprey
B)Chimpanzee
C)Solf
D)Grass frog

Question 7

Natural selection is defined by which general statement?

A)Survival of the strongest organism.
B)Variation in populations, leading to variations in reproductive success.
C)The strongest organisms are the best reproducers.
D)The process by which organisms naturally choose to reproduce.

Question 8

Which type of biome is characterized by the presence of small nocturnal carnivores,mourning wheatears,burrowers,horned vipers,antelope,jackrabbits,ground squirrels,and kangaroo rats?

A)Temperate forest
B)Grassland
C)Tundra
D)Desert

Question 9

Humans are most accurately described as:

A)primary producers.
B)primary consumer.
C)tertiary autotrophs.
D)quarternary consumers.

Question 10

What does the 'q²' represent in this equation?

A)Frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
B)Frequency of the recessive allele
C)Frequency of the dominant allele
D)Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals

Question 11

What does the 'p²' represent in this equation?

A)Frequency of the dominant allele
B)Frequency of heterozygous individuals
C)Frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
D)Frequency of the recessive allele

Question 12

Which of the following areas would most likely not have primary succession occurring?

A)Newly deposited lava
B)Beaches
C)River delta
D)Slope of extinct volcano

Question 13

How do bacteria show evidence for evolution?

A)They arise spontaneously in labs given the right conditions.
B)Antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations are on the rise.
C)Scientists can force bacteria to change into different species given the right conditions.
D)Bacterial DNA is very similar to human DNA.

Question 14

Which type of biome characterized by annual precipitation that may exceed 2000 mm?

A)Temperate forest
B)Grassland
C)Tropical forest
D)Desert

Question 15

What effect might wolf predation on deer have?

A)Average mass of wolf population will increase.
B)Average speed of deer population will increase.
C)Birth rates of wolves will decrease.
D)The color of wolf population will change.

Question 16

The belief in the literal interpretation of the story of how life began as reported in the Bible is called:

A)intelligent design.
B)creationism.
C)fundamentalism.
D)biological evolution.

Question 17

Green plants are considered:

A)producers.
B)heterotrophs.
C)omnivores.
D)decomposers.

Question 18

Which of the following statements can be tested using the scientific method?

A)"God created heavens and Earth."
B)An intelligent designer produced life.
C)The genetic material of HIV changes over time.
D)The universe was planned.

Question 19

The Stickleback fish has provided evidence that?

A)Modern fish are not much different from ancient fish.
B)A change in a single control gene can make large changes in anatomy.
C)Many genes are needed to change pelvic girdle size.
D)Pelvic girdle size is consistent.

Question 20

Charles Darwin used which term to describe evolution?

A)Hypothesis
B)Descent with modification
C)Descent by design
D)God's will

Question 21

Which organism is not a typical example of a Malthusian strategist?

A)Elephant
B)Insect
C)Rodent
D)Plant

Question 22

Which type of survivorship curve is represented by the letter A here?

A)Type I
B)Type II
C)Type III
D)Type IV

Question 23

Where in the diagram has human activity increased carbon content?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 24

In the diagram,which letter is most likely to represent long term carbon storage?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 25

At 10 hours,the population shown in this graph has reached the:

A)carrying capacity for this environment.
B)biotic potential of the organism.
C)J-curve plateau.
D)J-curve dip.

Question 26

The two main types of geochemical cycles are:

A)hydrologic and gaseous.
B)nitrogen and carbon.
C)gaseous and sedimentary.
D)phosphorus and carbon.

Question 27

Which is not included in the measure of biodiversity?

A)Genetic diversity
B)Species diversity
C)Abiotic diversity
D)Community diversity

Question 28

Which is a chemical responsible for acid rain?

A)Ozone
B)PAN
C)Ammonia
D)Sulfur oxides

Question 29

Which term could be filled in for label A?

A)Abiotic nutrients
B)Producers
C)Consumers
D)Decomposers

Question 30

In this figure,at which trophic level is the toad?

A)Primary producer
B)Secondary consumer
C)Tertiary consumer
D)Tertiary producer

Question 31

It is possible for a population's gene pool to remain unchanged.

Question 32

Owing to the major loss of energy at each successive trophic level,food chains generally have no more than ___ trophic levels.

A)3
B)5
C)7
D)9

Question 33

Which term could be filled in for label D?

A)Consumers
B)Producers
C)Abiotic nutrients
D)Decomposers

Question 34

What is the term used for the type of pollution that causes a brown or gray haze in sunlight?

A)Acid rain
B)Ozone depletion
C)Smog
D)Greenhouse gases

Question 35

Chlorofluorocarbons,or CFCs,are responsible for:

A)acid rain.
B)ozone layer damage.
C)smog.
D)water pollution.

Question 36

The concentrations of which two chemicals is particularly high in raw sewage?

A)Argon and nitrogen
B)Helium and carbon
C)Carbon and argon
D)Nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 37

What is a typical characteristic of type III survivorship populations?

A)Constant death rate
B)Offspring receive lots of parental care
C)Asexual reproduction
D)Lots of offspring

Question 38

When nutrient levels in ponds increase because of human activity it is called:

A)urban sprawl.
B)acid rain.
C)biomagnification.
D)eutrophication.

Question 39

Evolution is defined as any change in the frequency of alleles in a population.

Question 40

Which of the following cycles is largely dependent on bacteria that "fix" a chemical?

A)Carbon
B)Nitrogen
C)Phosphorus
D)Water

Question 41

Ecologists can easily predict the climax community based on the weather,soil and existing populations.

Question 42

The Calvin cycle requires the energy from photons of light to 'fix' carbon.

Question 43

Phosphorus is a biologically important chemical because it is necessary to produce bones,teeth,and the important energy molecule ATP.

Question 44

Carrying capacity is equal to biotic potential.

Question 45

A woman who dies at age 25 with 4 children is more "fit" than a healthy 98 year old with one child.

Question 46

If you did not mow and manicure the grass of your back yard lawn,the "weeds" you try to keep out would eventually take over the grass as the dominant population.

Question 47

The shape of this curve is known as exponential growth and is typical of the human population.

Question 48

Great white sharks are considered tertiary or quaternary carnivores.

Question 49

Eutrophication is the sudden increase in nutrient concentrations that can cause massive population growth of producers like algae.

Question 50

Only about 10 percent of the available energy at one trophic level can be transferred to the next trophic level.

Question 51

An organism's habitat includes where it lives and its role in the community.

Question 52

Introducing new species to an environment is a good way to boost biodiversity.