Deck 3: Life Has a Unique Chemistry

Question 1

Which of the following would dissolve most easily in water?

A)Fat
B)Salt
C)Oil
D)Butter

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which description of Ca²⁺ is most accurate?

A)A positive ion that has lost 2 electrons.
B)A positive ion that has gained 2 protons.
C)An isotope with 2 extra neutrons.
D)An atom that has gained 2 electrons.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sweating is a good example of which of water's properties?

A)It is cohesive.
B)It is a good solvent.
C)It has a high heat of vaporization.
D)It has a high specific heat.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which collection of elements are the most common in living organisms?

A)Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
B)Oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon
C)Carbon, hydrogen, neon, and nitrogen
D)Oxygen, hydrogen, neon, and sulfur

Question 5

What is a nonpolar molecule?

A)The atoms share the electrons equally
B)Ions that become neutral from bonding
C)Water is a nonpolar molecule
D)The atoms bond by neutrons instead of electrons

Question 6

Water's high specific heat makes it:

A)a good temperature buffer.
B)a good solvent.
C)liquid at room temperature.
D)easy to boil.

Question 7

What is the difference between Carbon-12 and Carbon-14?

A)Carbon-14 is older.
B)Carbon-14 has more neutrons.
C)Carbon-14 has more protons.
D)Carbon-14 has a half-life of 14 years.

Question 8

Select the most accurate description of an atom.

A)A nucleus of neutrons orbited by protons.
B)A nucleus of neutrons and protons orbited by electrons.
C)A nucleus of electrons orbited by neutrons and protons.
D)Protons orbiting around electrons.

Question 9

The atomic number equals:

A)the number of electrons
B)the number of protons
C)the mass of the protons
D)the number of neutrons

Question 10

How can one tell how many electrons are in the outer energy level of an element?

A)Atomic mass
B)Atomic number
C)Roman numeral above each column in the periodic table
D)Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

Question 11

What is the name of the bond shown here?

A)Hydrogen
B)Polar covalent
C)Ionic
D)Van der Waals forces

Question 12

Which of the following is considered a base?

A)Ammonia
B)Lemon juice
C)Vinegar
D)Stomach acid

Question 13

Which of the following have approximately the same mass?

A)Protons and proteins
B)Neutrons and nuclei
C)Protons and neutrons
D)Protons and electrons

Question 14

The bond holding NaCl together is a(n):

A)covalent bond.
B)ionic bond.
C)hydrogen bond.
D)salt bond.

Question 15

Which bond is the weakest?

A)Peptide
B)Ionic
C)Covalent
D)Hydrogen

Question 16

A change in which ion concentration would severely affect heart rate and the nervous system?

A)Bicarbonate
B)Sodium
C)Potassium
D)Chloride

Question 17

What makes an acid different from a base?

A)Acids contain more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions.
B)Acids have a pH of 7 or greater.
C)Acids taste sweet.
D)Acids have equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions.

Question 18

Which element is the most common in humans?

A)Chloride
B)Phosphorus
C)Hydrogen
D)Sulfur

Question 19

The atomic mass is calculated by:

A)adding the mass of the neutrons and protons.
B)subtracting the mass of electrons from the mass of the protons.
C)weighing individual atoms on microscales.
D)multiplying the mass of neutrons by the mass of the protons.

Question 20

Which of the following is an element?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Lipids
C)H₂O
D)Carbon

Question 21

What would happen if the active site of an enzyme had a different shape?

A)Nothing would change
B)The process would happen in reverse
C)The enzyme would die
D)The enzyme would not be functional

Question 22

The negatively charged particle labeled C is called a(n)________.

A)electron
B)neutron
C)proton
D)oxygen

Question 23

Which type of organic molecule is pictured here?

A)Carbohydrate
B)Lipid
C)Nucleic acid
D)Protein

Question 24

Which of the following organic molecules can serve as a library of genetic information?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Proteins
C)Nucleic acids
D)Lipids

Question 25

Which of the following organic chemicals is the most abundant in your body?

A)Proteins
B)Lipids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Nucleic acids

Question 26

Which type of lipid is a key component of the cell membrane?

A)Steroid
B)Phospholipid
C)Triglyceride
D)Fatty acid

Question 27

An imbalance of the common ions found in the human body is life threatening.

Question 28

How are starch and cellulose different?

A)They are actually the same chemical known by two different names.
B)The branching pattern is different.
C)Animals make cellulose.
D)Plants use only starch.

Question 29

The valence shell of an atom determines how many bonds it can form.

Question 30

Why is this organic molecule important in living organisms?

A)Structural component for most parts of a cell
B)Stores genetic information
C)Insulation
D)Biological energy

Question 31

Which carbohydrate category does glucose belong to?

A)Polysaccharide
B)Disaccharide
C)Monosaccharide
D)Glycogen

Question 32

The arrow is pointing to a pH that is:

A)acidic.
B)neutral.
C)basic.
D)a buffer.

Question 33

What does the letter A represent in this diagram?

A)Enzyme
B)Energy
C)Products
D)Substrates

Question 34

What does the letter C represent in this diagram?

A)Enzyme
B)Product
C)Substrate
D)Acid

Question 35

What kind of bond is indicated by the arrow in this diagram?

A)Covalent
B)Hydrogen
C)Ionic
D)Nonpolar

Question 36

What does the number 6 mean in this diagram?

A)The weight of a carbon atom
B)The number of protons in a carbon atom
C)The number of electrons in a carbon ion
D)How many bonds carbon will form

Question 37

How many electrons are in the valence shell of the atom shown here?

A)two
B)five
C)seven
D)four

Question 38

Using the numbers given in the diagram,how many neutrons does a carbon atom have?

A)4
B)6
C)18
D)72

Question 39

What kind of a bond is depicted in this diagram?

A)Covalent
B)Hydrogen
C)Ionic
D)Nonpolar

Question 40

The positively charged particle labeled A is called a(n)____.

A)electron
B)neutron
C)proton
D)hydrogen

Question 41

Water makes up about 33% of total body weight in humans.

Question 42

Ice floats because it is less dense than liquid water.

Question 43

Exothermic reactions like burning hydrogen fuel release energy.

Question 44

A positively charged ion is formed when an atom gains electrons.

Question 45

Hydrogen bonds hold the hydrogen and oxygen together in water molecules.

Question 46

Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.

Question 47

Lye is a basic substance.

Question 48

Since carbon has 4 electrons in the outer energy level,it can form 4 covalent bonds.

Question 49

Hydrogen is not an atom because it does not have any neutrons.