Deck 4: Basic Physics of Radiography

Question 1

Which of the following are forms of matter?
1) Electric current
2) Solids
3) Gases

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Answer 1

2 and 3 only

Question 2

Which of the following energy types occurs in the form of a sine wave?

A) Magnetic energy
B) Kinetic energy
C) Electromagnetic energy
D) Thermal energy

Answer 2

Electromagnetic energy

Question 3

The "building blocks" of all matter are called:

A) electrons.
B) atoms.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.

Answer 3

atoms.

Question 4

What term is applied to the distance from one crest to the next in a sine wave?

A) Frequency
B) Amplitude
C) Velocity
D) Wavelength

Question 5

X-rays consist of:

A) tungsten atoms.
B) electricity.
C) electromagnetic energy.
D) fast-moving electrons.

Question 6

Which electron shell in the electron has the greatest binding energy?

A) K
B) L
C) M
D) N

Question 7

The atomic number of an atom is represented by the number of:

A) electrons.
B) protons.
C) neutrons.
D) protons and neutrons.

Question 8

What is the name of the innermost shell of an atom?

A) A shell
B) K shell
C) Z shell
D) Nuclear shell

Question 9

The frequency of a sine wave is measured by the:

A) number of times per minute that a crest passes a given point.
B) number of times per second that a crest passes a given point.
C) velocity multiplied by the wavelength.
D) velocity minus the wavelength.

Question 10

Which of the following particles has a positive charge?

A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Atom

Question 11

Which shell in the atom is most important in the production of x-rays?

A) K
B) L
C) O
D) Q

Question 12

Of the following types of electromagnetic energy,which has the shortest wavelength?

A) Radio waves
B) X-rays
C) Microwaves
D) Ultraviolet light

Question 13

The quantity of matter that makes up any physical object is called its:

A) chemical identity.
B) nucleus.
C) atomic number.
D) mass.

Question 14

Which of the following shells in an atom would contain the least number of electrons?

A) K
B) L
C) M
D) N

Question 15

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the characteristics of x-rays? They can:

A) penetrate matter.
B) cause certain crystals to become radioactive.
C) be refracted by a lens.
D) be detected by the human senses.

Question 16

The penetrating power of an x-ray beam is determined by its energy as expressed in its:

A) quantity.
B) velocity.
C) wavelength.
D) atomic number.

Question 17

Which of the following particles are located in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom?

A) Protons
B) Electrons
C) Neutrons
D) Positrons

Question 18

How is the wavelength of a sine wave measured?

A) The distance between the crest and the trough
B) The number of times per second that a crest passes a given point
C) The distance from one crest to the next crest
D) Multiply the velocity by the frequency

Question 19

Ionization is the process:

A) of producing an electric current.
B) required for producing antimatter.
C) of producing an atom with an electric charge.
D) of destroying an atom.

Question 20

When an electron is removed from an atom,the atom is said to be:

A) radioactive.
B) a nuclide.
C) unstable.
D) ionized.

Question 21

The standard voltage provided by utility companies for household use is _____ volts.

A) 100
B) 120
C) 220
D) 440

Question 22

The unit of potential difference is the:

A) ampere.
B) volt.
C) ohm.
D) milliampere.

Question 23

The milliamperage used in radiology is:

A) 25.
B) 500.
C) 100 to 200.
D) 25 to 500.

Question 24

What term refers to the force or strength of the electron flow in the current?

A) Potential difference
B) Resistance
C) Circuit
D) Ampere

Question 25

The term that applies to the quantity of electrons flowing through a circuit is:

A) potential difference.
B) voltage.
C) frequency.
D) current.

Question 26

Which of the following would describe electromagnetic x-rays?

A) Have long wavelengths
B) Have low frequency
C) Have short wavelengths and high frequency
D) Have short wavelengths and equal frequency

Question 27

Which of the following transformers would have more windings on the primary side?

A) High-tension transformer
B) Step-up transformer
C) Step-down transformer
D) Autotransformer

Question 28

All elements have an atomic number. The atomic number represents the atom's:
1) mass.
2) density.
3) electrons.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

One of the most important elements in radiology is:

A) aluminum.
B) tungsten.
C) copper.
D) uranium.

Question 30

The frequency of alternating current delivered by electrical utilities in the United States and Canada is:

A) 120 V.
B) 120 kVp.
C) 120 Hz.
D) 60 Hz.

Question 31

If the voltage across the primary side of a step-up transformer is 100 V and the transformer has a 500:1 ratio,what is the voltage on the secondary side?

A) 25,000
B) 50,000
C) 75,000
D) 100,000

Question 32

The unit used to measure the rate or volume of current flow is the:

A) volt.
B) ampere.
C) ohm.
D) potential difference.

Question 33

Which of the following would be considered characteristics of x-rays?
1) Travel in straight lines
2) Can cause a biological effect in tissue
3) Cannot be felt,seen,or heard

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 34

What is direct current?

A) Circuit connected in series
B) Circuit connected in parallel
C) Current that alternates in flow from positive to negative
D) Current that flows in only one direction

Question 35

The purpose of a transformer is to:

A) convert alternating current into direct current.
B) convert direct current into alternating current.
C) increase or decrease voltage.
D) vary the amperage in a circuit.

Question 36

All electromagnetic energy moves through space at the same:

A) wavelength.
B) frequency.
C) velocity.
D) sine wave.

Question 37

When an atom gains or loses an electron,the process is called:

A) resistance.
B) potential difference.
C) electrification.
D) ionization.

Question 38

In radiology,high-frequency generators can use up to what electrical frequency?

A) 6,000 Hz
B) 8,000 Hz
C) 10,000 Hz
D) 10,000 MHz

Question 39

The smallest possible unit of electromagnetic energy is the:

A) photon.
B) electron.
C) nucleus.
D) atom.

Question 40

In radiology,80,000 volts is converted to:

A) 0.125 volts.
B) 125 volts.
C) 80 kVp.
D) 800 kVp.

Question 41

The process of converting alternating current into direct current for x-ray production is called:

A) rectification.
B) induction.
C) Ohm's law.
D) resistance.

Question 42

Electricity is produced when a magnet is moved around a conductor or the conductor is moved around the magnet. This process is called:

A) kilovoltage.
B) amperage.
C) resistance.
D) electromagnetic induction.

Question 43

The basis for the operation of a transformer is:

A) 60-Hz electric current.
B) rectification.
C) step-up or step-down windings.
D) electromagnetic induction.