Deck 7: Principles of Exposure and Image Quality

Question 1

Higher kVp settings produce images with:

A) long-scale contrast.
B) short-scale contrast.
C) high contrast.
D) little or no recorded detail.

Answer 1

long-scale contrast.

Question 2

The difference in density between any two adjacent portions of the image is called:

A) tissue density.
B) sharpness of detail.
C) radiographic recorded detail.
D) radiographic contrast.

Answer 2

radiographic contrast.

Question 3

A low kVp setting produces an image with:

A) a long scale of contrast.
B) a short scale of contrast.
C) high recorded detail.
D) a low level of contrast.

Answer 3

a short scale of contrast.

Question 4

The inverse square law governs the relationship between x-ray beam:

A) intensity and mAs.
B) penetrability and kVp.
C) penetrability and mAs.
D) intensity and distance.

Question 5

The mass density of the radiographic subject is referred to as:

A) radiographic density.
B) tissue density.
C) radiographic contrast.
D) subject contrast.

Question 6

What are the four primary aspects of radiographic quality?

A) mA, seconds, kVp, and SID
B) SID, density, contrast, and mAs
C) Density, contrast, distortion, and spatial resolution
D) Density, contrast, distortion, and distance

Question 7

When an image demonstrates only a few densities,and there is a great difference between the densities,the image is described as having:

A) short-scale contrast.
B) long-scale contrast.
C) low contrast.
D) increased recorded detail.

Question 8

The unit used to indicate the total quantity of x-rays in an exposure is:

A) mAs.
B) SID.
C) kVp.
D) volts.

Question 9

Which of the following,if increased,will result in increased radiographic density?
1) Increased mA
2) Increased exposure time
3) Increased kVp

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 10

Two exposures are made using the following technical factors: Image A: 500 mA,0.05 seconds,72 kVp
Image B: 200 mA,0.125 seconds,72 kVp
Which image would have the greater density?

A) Image A
B) Image B
C) Image A and B would exhibit equal density.
D) Density cannot be determined because no SID was provided.

Question 11

The distance between the tube target and the IR is termed:

A) source-image receptor distance (SID).
B) target-image receptor distance (TID).
C) total- image receptor distance (TID).
D) tube-target receptor distance (TTD).

Question 12

If an image were made using 500 mA,0.1 seconds,and 75 kVp,what would the mAs be for this exposure?

A) 5 mAs
B) 50 mAs
C) 25 mAs
D) 500 mAs

Question 13

The overall darkness,or blackness,within a radiographic image is referred to as:

A) density.
B) contrast.
C) recorded detail.
D) mAs.

Question 14

The inverse square law states that the intensity of the x-ray beam is ______ to the square of the distance.

A) directly proportional
B) inversely proportional
C) not related
D) proportional

Question 15

The primary controlling factor of radiographic density is:

A) mAs.
B) kVp.
C) SID.
D) OID.

Question 16

The relationship between SID and x-ray beam intensity is expressed in the _____ law.

A) proportional square
B) inverse square
C) reciprocity
D) target-distance

Question 17

When an image demonstrates great differences between the densities,the image is described as:

A) poor quality.
B) high quality.
C) contrast.
D) high contrast.

Question 18

The primary controlling factor of contrast is:

A) milliamperage.
B) exposure time.
C) kilovoltage.
D) mAs.

Question 19

If the radiographic image is overexposed,which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem?

A) Decrease kVp
B) Increase kVp
C) Increase mAs
D) Decrease mAs

Question 20

Which of the following are the prime factors of exposure in radiography?

A) Density, contrast, spatial resolution, and distortion
B) Density, contrast, distortion, and kilovoltage
C) mAs, kilovoltage, density, and distance (SID)
D) Milliamperage, exposure time, kilovoltage, and source-distance receptor distance (SID)

Question 21

The distance between the subject or part and the IR is referred to as:

A) object-image receptor distance (OID).
B) part-receptor distance (PRD).
C) source-receptor distance (SRD).
D) source-image receptor distance (SID).

Question 22

Quantum mottle or graininess in the radiographic image because of too few photons interacting with the body part will affect image quality by decreasing the:

A) density.
B) spatial resolution.
C) contrast.
D) latitude.

Question 23

Which of the following minimize shape distortion?
1) Position plane of subject parallel to plane of IR.
2) Position plane of subject perpendicular to plane of IR.
3) Position the CR perpendicular to IR and subject.

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 24

Quantum mottle occurs when the:

A) SID is too large.
B) motion is not controlled.
C) mAs or kVp is set too high.
D) mAs or kVp is set too low.

Question 25

A change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot results in:

A) decreased resolution.
B) magnification.
C) distortion.
D) increased contrast.

Question 26

Motion of the patient,the tube,or the IR during the exposure results in decreased:

A) contrast.
B) distortion.
C) radiographic density.
D) resolution.

Question 27

Which quality factor is a key to visibility of detail?

A) SID
B) Focal spot size
C) Density
D) Contrast

Question 28

With a large OID,the reduction of excessive magnification is accomplished by:

A) increasing the SID.
B) increasing the kVp.
C) decreasing the SID.
D) decreasing the kVp.

Question 29

A variation in the size or shape of the image as compared with the subject it represents is called:

A) resolution.
B) distortion.
C) unsharpness.
D) fog.

Question 30

Which of the following will increase spatial resolution?
1) Increase in SID
2) Increase in OID
3) Decrease in focal spot size

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 31

Another name for size distortion is:

A) enlargement.
B) magnification.
C) minification.
D) flux gain.

Question 32

What is the effect of magnification on spatial resolution?

A) Magnification has no effect on resolution.
B) Magnification increases resolution.
C) Magnification decreases resolution.
D) The effect of magnification on resolution is variable according to kVp and IR speed.

Question 33

If a radiographic image appears blurred,what aspect of image quality is affected?

A) Density
B) Contrast
C) Spatial resolution
D) Distortion

Question 34

What is the first step to reduce patient motion?

A) Use a technique with a low mA and a long exposure time.
B) Use high kVp techniques.
C) Use detailed IR systems.
D) Communicate with the patient about the procedure and what the patient needs to do to help.

Question 35

When it is necessary to differentiate tissues with similar tissue densities,which of the following image quality factors is most desirable?

A) High density
B) Low density
C) High contrast
D) Low contrast

Question 36

Generalized unwanted exposure on the image is called:

A) overexposure.
B) overpenetration.
C) fog.
D) penumbra.

Question 37

Fog affects radiographic quality by causing:

A) underexposure.
B) decreased contrast.
C) increased contrast.
D) decreased density.

Question 38

An increase in OID will result in:

A) increased magnification.
B) increased image sharpness.
C) loss of contrast.
D) increased radiographic density.

Question 39

The unsharp,"fuzzy" appearance of margins of anatomic structures within the radiographic image is called:

A) fog.
B) distortion.
C) penumbra.
D) umbra.

Question 40

The principle means of controlling involuntary motion is to:

A) decrease in SID.
B) decrease in exposure time (seconds).
C) increase in exposure time (seconds).
D) increase in OID.

Question 41

If the SID doubles,the quantity of x-rays will increase:

A) 1X.
B) 2X.
C) 3X.
D) 4X.

Question 42

When a body part appears on a radiograph as longer than it actually is,the term used is:

A) penumbra.
B) distortion.
C) elongation.
D) foreshortening.

Question 43

When an image demonstrates many densities,and there is little difference between the densities,the image is described as having:

A) short-scale contrast.
B) long-scale contrast.
C) low contrast.
D) increased recorded detail.

Question 44

Shape distortion is the result of:

A) tube angulation greater than 15 degrees.
B) unequal magnification of the actual shape of the structure.
C) an SID that is too short.
D) an SID that is too long.

Question 45

The geometric factors that affect the formation of the image are:
1) SID.
2) OID.
3) focal spot.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 46

The term used in the new digital imaging environment to replace density is:

A) brightness.
B) matrix.
C) dynamic range.
D) exposure latitude.

Question 47

Which of the following would be considered involuntary motion by the patient?
1) Tremors
2) Peristalsis
3) Breathing

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 48

The factors that affect x-ray quality are:
1) kilovoltage.
2) filtration.
3) mAs.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 49

If the mA doubles,the quantity of exposure will:

A) double.
B) be reduced 50%.
C) be indirectly proportional to the mA.
D) be indirectly proportional to the exposure time.

Question 50

Fog is primarily caused by:

A) a kVp that is too high.
B) a kVp that is too low.
C) scattered radiation.
D) patient size.

Question 51

Tissue density refers to the ________ of the body part.

A) density of muscle
B) density of fat
C) mass density or atomic number
D) density of bone

Question 52

The primary controlling factor of penetration of x-rays is:

A) mA.
B) kVp.
C) SID.
D) exposure time.

Question 53

When a body part appears on a radiograph as shorter than it actually is,the term used is:

A) penumbra.
B) distortion.
C) elongation.
D) foreshortening.

Question 54

Contrast is directly influenced by:
1) SID.
2) fog.
3) collimation.

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 55

When an image demonstrates little or low difference between the densities,the image is described as:

A) poor quality.
B) high quality.
C) poor contrast.
D) low contrast.

Question 56

If the mA doubles,dose to the patient will:

A) increase 25%.
B) increase 50%.
C) double.
D) be reduced 50%.