Deck 12: Introduction to Anatomy, positioning, and Pathology

Question 1

What is the highest level of human structural organization?

A) System
B) Cell
C) Tissue
D) Body

Answer 1

Body

Question 2

Cells are defined as:

A) the simplest group of similar tissues.
B) a group of similar tissues that performs complex functions.
C) the smallest units of living things.
D) a group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Answer 2

the smallest units of living things.

Question 3

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a common function is called a(n):

A) tissue.
B) organ.
C) atom.
D) molecule.

Answer 3

tissue.

Question 4

What term refers to the structure of the human body?

A) Physiology
B) Tissues
C) Pathology
D) Anatomy

Question 5

There are ______ levels of structural organization of the human body.

A) 8
B) 10
C) 6
D) 2

Question 6

An organ is defined as:

A) a group of tissues that work together to perform specialized and complex functions.
B) a group of similar cells that work together to perform functions.
C) the smallest unit of living things.
D) a complex protein that provides the "blueprint" for the body's structure and function.

Question 7

Which part of a cell encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Organelles
C) DNA
D) Plasma membrane

Question 8

The study of diseases or abnormal conditions of the body is termed:

A) anatomy.
B) pathology.
C) physiology.
D) psychology.

Question 9

A group of tissues that work together to perform specialized and complex functions is called a(n):

A) tissue.
B) organ.
C) atom.
D) molecule.

Question 10

What is a system?

A) A similar group of tissues that work together to perform special functions
B) The highest level of structural organization of the human body
C) The lowest level of structural organization of the human body
D) A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions

Question 11

Which portion of the cell contains the chromosomes?

A) Plasma membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Nucleus
D) Organelles

Question 12

The highly specialized fluid portion of the cell is the:

A) plasma membrane.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nucleus.
D) organelles.

Question 13

Anatomy refers to the ______ of the body.

A) function
B) abnormal conditions
C) structure
D) smallest living units

Question 14

What is the function of the plasma membrane of a cell?

A) Provides the "blueprint" for cell structure and function
B) Controls the activities of the cell
C) Provides communication between the cell and the rest of the body
D) Performs the work of the cell

Question 15

What term refers to the study of the function of the human body?

A) Physiology
B) Anatomy
C) Pathology
D) Functionology

Question 16

Physiology pertains to the study of the ______ of the human body.

A) structure
B) abnormal conditions
C) disease processes
D) function

Question 17

Which of the following are the main parts of a cell?
1) Plasma membrane
2) Cytoplasm
3) Nucleus

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 18

In what part of the cell are the organelles located?

A) Plasma membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Nucleus
D) DNA

Question 19

A general knowledge of ______ helps limited operators understand the reasons procedures are needed.

A) psychology
B) pathology
C) terminology
D) positioning

Question 20

The smallest units of living things are called:

A) tissues.
B) organs.
C) systems.
D) cells.

Question 21

Which organ system is composed of the heart and blood vessels?

A) Muscular
B) Skeletal
C) Circulatory
D) Respiratory

Question 22

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

A) To produce movement
B) To hold structures together
C) To protect underlying tissues
D) To conduct electrical impulses for communication between structures

Question 23

Which of the following are organ systems of the human body?
1) Integumentary
2) Lymphatic
3) Nervous

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 24

Which tissue type functions to produce movement?

A) Epithelial
B) Muscle
C) Connective
D) Nervous

Question 25

How many major organ systems comprise the human body?

A) 2
B) 11
C) 5
D) 18

Question 26

Which of the following are examples of short bones?
1) Carpal bones
2) Tarsal bones
3) Vertebrae

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 27

A rounded process that forms part of a joint is called a:

A) crest.
B) condyle.
C) cortex.
D) styloid.

Question 28

Which of the following are parts of the axial skeleton?
1) Skull
2) Spine
3) Shoulders

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 29

Which of the following are parts of the appendicular skeleton?
1) Skull
2) Pelvis
3) Extremities

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 30

Which of the following are parts of the respiratory system?
1) Trachea
2) Alveoli
3) Thymus

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 31

Which of the following are examples of long bones?
1) Femur
2) Humerus
3) Tibia

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 32

How many bones compose the skeletal system?

A) 206
B) 412
C) 103
D) 260

Question 33

Which of the following are classified as main tissue types?
1) Chromosome
2) Connective
3) Epithelial

A) 1 and 2 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 34

Which tissue type is the most widely distributed and has the greatest variety of form and function?

A) Epithelial
B) Nervous
C) Muscle
D) Connective

Question 35

A long,sharp bony process is called a:

A) styloid.
B) crest.
C) condyle.
D) tuberosity.

Question 36

What are the two basic divisions of the skeletal system?

A) Functional and nonfunctional
B) Axial and appendicular
C) Moveable and immoveable
D) Bones and soft tissue

Question 37

Which tissue type functions to conduct electric impulses to provide rapid communication between body structures?

A) Epithelial
B) Muscle
C) Connective
D) Nervous

Question 38

Which of the following terms may be used in place of the gastrointestinal tract?

A) Alimentary canal
B) Elementary tract
C) Ligamentary canal
D) Gastroinguinal tract

Question 39

Which type of bone is made up of two layers of compact bone with a thin cancellous layer between them?

A) Long bones
B) Short bones
C) Flat bones
D) Irregular bones

Question 40

Which organ system does not function for the survival of the individual?

A) Immune
B) Circulatory
C) Endocrine
D) Reproductive

Question 41

A hole in bone that provides a passage for nerves and blood vessels is called a:

A) foramen.
B) styloid.
C) fissure.
D) sinus.

Question 42

What term is used to describe a straightened joint?

A) Abduction
B) Adduction
C) Extension
D) Flexion

Question 43

Which body position term indicates that the patient is lying on his or her back?

A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Lateral
D) Erect

Question 44

The midcoronal plane divides the body into equal _____ halves.

A) right and left
B) superior and inferior
C) anterior and posterior
D) top and bottom

Question 45

What does the term cephalad mean?

A) Toward the head
B) Away from the head
C) The front part of the body
D) The back part of the body

Question 46

What term is applied to joints that allow limited movement?

A) Synarthrosis
B) Amphiarthrosis
C) Diarthrosis
D) Biarthrosis

Question 47

Refer to the diagram. What is the patient position?

A) Recumbent right lateral
B) Right lateral decubitus
C) Recumbent left lateral
D) Erect left lateral

Question 48

Refer to the diagram. What is the projection?

A) Tangential
B) Lateral
C) Posteroanterior (PA)
D) Anteroposterior (AP)

Question 49

Which radiographic position requires a recumbent body position and a horizontal CR?

A) Supine
B) Recumbent
C) Prone
D) Decubitus

Question 50

Which of the following describes anatomic position?

A) Lying on one's back with arms and legs extended, palms turned outward, and toes facing anteriorly
B) Lying on one's back with arms and legs extended, palms turned backward, and toes facing anteriorly
C) Standing facing the observer with palms of hands turned forward and toes facing anteriorly
D) Standing facing the observer with palms of hand turned backward and toes facing anteriorly

Question 51

What term is applied to joints that are not moveable?

A) Synarthrosis
B) Amphiarthrosis
C) Diarthrosis
D) Biarthrosis

Question 52

What does supination mean?

A) To turn the arm so that the palm of the hand is up
B) To turn the arm so that the palm of the hand is down
C) To turn the arm so that the palm of the hand faces laterally
D) To turn the arm so that the palm of the hand faces medially

Question 53

The term applied to the back portion of the body or body part is:

A) anterior.
B) posterior.
C) cephalic.
D) caudal.

Question 54

When a patient is imaged in the prone position,the patient must be:

A) standing upright.
B) placed in a recumbent position on his or her stomach.
C) placed in a recumbent position on his or her back.
D) placed in a recumbent position on his or her side.

Question 55

What term is applied to joints that are freely moveable?

A) Synarthrosis
B) Amphiarthrosis
C) Diarthrosis
D) Biarthrosis

Question 56

What term is used to describe the path of the CR from the radiographic tube,through the patient,and to the IR?

A) Position
B) Projection
C) Tangential
D) Image receptor

Question 57

A joint that is classified as synarthrodial is:

A) freely moveable.
B) partially moveable.
C) immoveable.
D) affected by disease.

Question 58

A joint that is classified as diarthrodial is:

A) freely moveable.
B) partially moveable.
C) immoveable.
D) affected by disease.

Question 59

Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?

A) Midcoronal
B) Midsagittal
C) Transverse
D) Axial

Question 60

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body is called:

A) flexion.
B) extension.
C) adduction.
D) abduction.

Question 61

What term is used to describe the patient's report of his or her perception of the condition?

A) Symptoms
B) Signs
C) Syndromes
D) Lesions

Question 62

What term is applied to the condition in which the tissue of the bone is broken or disrupted?

A) Fracture
B) Sprain
C) Dislocation
D) Infection

Question 63

Refer to the diagram. What is the patient position?

A) Right posterior oblique (RPO)
B) Left posterior oblique (LPO)
C) Right anterior oblique (RAO)
D) Left anterior oblique (LAO)

Question 64

If a disease is classified as a congenital disease,this means that the condition is:

A) genetically inherited.
B) contagious.
C) present at birth.
D) sexually transmitted.

Question 65

Refer to the diagram in question 64. What is the projection?

A) AP
B) PA
C) AP oblique
D) PA oblique

Question 66

Refer to the diagram. What side marker should be placed on the IR for this projection?

A) Left
B) Right

Question 67

What is the result of imaging patient motion on a radiograph?

A) Good image quality
B) Increased density
C) Decreased density
D) Blurring of the radiograph

Question 68

What is indicated by a side marker?

A) The side of the IR
B) The side of the patient
C) The side of the x-ray tube
D) The side of the collimator field light

Question 69

An axial projection is achieved when the:

A) patient is in a recumbent position.
B) CR "skims" the profile of the part.
C) CR is angled longitudinally more than 10 degrees.
D) CR is horizontal.

Question 70

Diseases that are characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms and/or signs are called ______ conditions.

A) chronic
B) acute
C) terminal
D) exogenous

Question 71

Observed,objective manifestations of disease are called:

A) symptoms.
B) signs.
C) syndrome.
D) lesions.

Question 72

A localized area of destructive change in body tissue is called a:

A) disease.
B) legion.
C) lesion.
D) syndrome.

Question 73

Which disease classification refers to those diseases acquired within the hospital?

A) Iatrogenic
B) Idiopathic
C) Endogenous
D) Nosocomial

Question 74

In radiography,what three items must be precisely aligned?

A) The x-ray tube, the IR, and the CR
B) The CR, the IR, and the collimator field light
C) The CR, the body part, and the collimator field light
D) The x-ray tube, the IR, and the body part

Question 75

When the cause of a disease is unknown,then the disease is classified as:

A) iatrogenic.
B) idiopathic.
C) endogenous.
D) nosocomial.

Question 76

Refer to the diagram in question 66. What is the projection?

A) AP
B) PA
C) Lateral
D) Tangential

Question 77

Diseases that occur as the result of treatment by health professionals are termed:

A) iatrogenic.
B) idiopathic.
C) endogenous.
D) nosocomial.

Question 78

Refer to the diagram. What is the patient position?

A) Recumbent left lateral
B) Recumbent right lateral
C) Right lateral decubitus
D) Left lateral decubitus

Question 79

When the long side of the IR is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the body,then the IR placement is:

A) lengthwise.
B) crosswise.
C) incorrect.

Question 80

A prediction of the course of the disease and the prospects for the patient's recovery is termed:

A) diagnosis.
B) prognosis.
C) sign.
D) symptom.