Deck 13: Sampling: Final and Initial Sample Size Determination

Question 1

The area under the sampling distribution curve between any two points can be calculated in terms of r values.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to the text,a parameter denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census,rather than a sample,were undertaken.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The measures of central tendency for a normal distribution are all identical.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Statistical inference is the process of generalizing the sample results to the population results.

Question 5

A statistic is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample.

Question 6

The number of standard errors that a point is away from the mean is called the z value.

Question 7

The error that results when the particular sample selected is an imperfect representation of the population of interest is called nonrandom sampling error.

Question 8

A summary description of a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population is called a standard deviation.

Question 9

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean or proportion is called random error.

Question 10

The range into which the true population parameter will fall,assuming a given level of confidence,is called the sampling distribution.

Question 11

The process of generalizing the sample results to the population results is called statistical inference.

Question 12

Confidence intervals around sample means or proportions are estimated using the variance formula.

Question 13

The distribution of the values of a sample statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan is called the sampling distribution.

Question 14

When estimating a population parameter by using a sample statistic,the precision level is the desired size of the estimating interval.

Question 15

The concept of a sampling distribution enables us to use probability theory to make inferences about the population values.

Question 16

A normal distribution is a basis for classical statistical inference that is bell-shaped and symmetrical in appearance.

Question 17

The sample statistic is used as an estimate of the population parameter.

Question 18

Standard deviation is the maximum permissible difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter.

Question 19

According to the text,the confidence level is the probability that a confidence interval will include the population parameter.

Question 20

According to the text,the sampling distribution of the means is a normal distribution.

Question 21

The statistical approaches to determining sample size are based on confidence intervals.

Question 22

The two factors that affect the task of interviewing a much larger number of respondents than originally anticipated to achieve the desired net sample are random rate and standard rate.

Question 23

Statistical calculation of sample size requires determining the z value.

Question 24

Sample size can be computed by using the formula for the standard error.

Question 25

Sample size is directly affected by the variability of the characteristic in the population.

Question 26

When studying a characteristic with a high incident rate,the researcher will have to initially contact many more people than if the characteristic has a low incident rate.

Question 27

Proportions are estimated when the choice is dichotomous.

Question 28

According to the text,one of the biggest challenges in online research is the ability to generate a truly random sample that is representative of the target population.

Question 29

When computing confidence intervals,maximum variation occurs when a proportion of interest is 0.5.

Question 30

According to the text,the statistical approaches to determining sample size based on confidence intervals may involve the estimation of the mean or the proportion.

Question 31

When conducting marketing research in foreign countries,statistical estimation of sample size may be difficult since estimates of the population variance may be unavailable.

Question 32

If statistical estimation of sample size is at all attempted,it should be realized that the estimates of the population variance don't vary from country to country.

Question 33

As the number of qualifying criteria for a research study increases,the incidence rate will fall.

Question 34

The rate of occurrence of persons eligible to participate in the study expressed as a percentage is called the completion rate.

Question 35

The completion rate enables researchers to take into account anticipated refusals by people who qualify for a research study.

Question 36

Response rate = number of completed interviews / number in the population.

Question 37

The percentage of qualified respondents who complete the interview is called the incidence rate.

Question 38

The cost of increasing the sample size in social media research goes up markedly.

Question 39

It is not feasible to have large sample sizes when conducting marketing research in social media.

Question 40

The American Customer Satisfaction Index is a national measure of satisfaction with quality that provides a resource for examining the differences in satisfaction among customers of different industries by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

Question 41

The symbol for the sample standard deviation is ________.

A) p
B) n²
C) n
D) s²
E) s

Question 42

Generally,large samples are desirable in social media research.

Question 43

The range into which the true population parameter will fall,assuming a given level of confidence,is called the ________.

A) confidence interval
B) precision level
C) sampling distribution
D) standard deviation
E) standard range

Question 44

________ is the process of generalizing the sample results to the population results.

A) Randomizing
B) Hypothesizing
C) Statistical inference
D) Standardizing
E) Parsing

Question 45

The number of standard errors that a point is away from the mean is called the ________.

A) F value
B) P value
C) z value
D) t value
E) chi-square value

Question 46

A ________ is a summary description of a characteristic or measure of the sample.

A) statistic
B) confidence interval
C) sampling distribution
D) confidence level
E) summary judgment

Question 47

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean or proportion is called ________.

A) unsymmetrical error
B) standard error
C) variance
D) random error
E) median

Question 48

The error that results when the particular sample selected is an imperfect representation of the population of interest is called ________.

A) random sampling error
B) symmetrical error
C) standard error
D) nonrandom sampling error
E) under/over error

Question 49

According to the text,as the sample size increases the sampling distribution of the mean becomes a(n)________.

A) unsymmetrical distribution
B) normal distribution
C) inverted distribution
D) random distribution
E) chi-square distribution

Question 50

According to the text,a ________ denotes the true value that would be obtained if a census,rather than a sample,were undertaken.

A) standard deviation
B) statistical inference
C) normal distribution
D) parameter
E) standard normal

Question 51

Which of the following is the maximum permissible difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter?

A) confidence interval
B) random sampling error
C) precision level
D) standard deviation
E) range

Question 52

The distribution of the values of a sample statistic computed for each possible sample that could be drawn from the target population under a specified sampling plan is called the ________.

A) confidence level
B) sampling distribution
C) normal distribution
D) standard deviation
E) standard values distribution

Question 53

The ________ is used as an estimate of the population parameter.

A) random sampling error
B) sample statistic
C) confidence level
D) precision level
E) standard deviate

Question 54

A summary description of a fixed characteristic or measure of the target population is called a ________.

A) parameter
B) standard deviation
C) statistical inference
D) normal distribution
E) variance

Question 55

When estimating a population parameter by using a sample statistic,the ________ is the desired size of the estimating interval.

A) confidence interval
B) precision level
C) random sampling error
D) standard deviation
E) mode

Question 56

Which of the following measures of central tendency for a normal distribution is not identical?

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) All are identical for a normal distribution.
E) none are identical

Question 57

The measures of central tendency for a normal distribution are all ________.

A) inverted
B) random
C) identical
D) uncertain
E) binary

Question 58

According to the text,the ________ is the probability that a confidence interval will include the population parameter.

A) precision level
B) standard deviation
C) variance
D) confidence level
E) under/over

Question 59

A ________ is a basis for classical statistical inference that is bell-shaped and symmetrical in appearance.

A) normal distribution
B) standard deviation
C) variance
D) confidence interval
E) classic symmetry

Question 60

In cases where the population standard deviation is unknown,it is estimated by the sample standard deviation.In this case,the standard error of the mean becomes:

A) mean / proportion
B) standard variate / standard deviate
C) the z-value
D) p (1 - p)
E) sample standard deviation / square root of sample size

Question 61

The rate of occurrence of persons eligible to participate in the study expressed as a percentage is called the ________.

A) standard rate
B) random rate
C) completion rate
D) incidence rate
E) diversity rate

Question 62

Confidence intervals around sample means or proportions are estimated using the ________.

A) standard error formula
B) variance formula
C) standard deviation formula
D) confidence interval formula
E) reflexive value equation

Question 63

The reason sample size for online surveys generally exceeds that determined statistically is because ________.

A) the population variance is larger online
B) the population variance is smaller online
C) federal regulations require larger samples online
D) statistics become less relevant online because statistical theory is weaker online
E) the marginal cost of collecting and analyzing larger sample is low

Question 64

Which of the following enables researchers to take into account anticipated refusals by people who qualify for a research study?

A) completion rate
B) standard rate
C) random rate
D) incidence rate
E) alarm rate

Question 65

Sample size is influenced by which of the following?

A) confidence level changes
B) population variability
C) precision level changes
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 66

According to the text,the statistical approaches to determining sample size are based on confidence intervals that may involve the estimation of the ________ or ________.

A) standard deviation; variance
B) variance; mean
C) mean; proportion
D) proportion; standard deviation
E) mode; median

Question 67

The percentage of qualified respondents who complete the interview is called the ________.

A) standard rate
B) random rate
C) completion rate
D) incidence rate
E) torsion rate

Question 68

As the number of qualifying criteria for a research study increases,the ________ will fall.

A) completion rate
B) standard rate
C) random rate
D) incidence rate
E) activation rate

Question 69

The two factors that affect the task of interviewing a much larger number of respondents than originally anticipated to achieve the desired net sample are ________ and ________.

A) standard rate; incidence rate
B) incidence rate; completion rate
C) completion rate; random rate
D) random rate; standard rate
E) tolerance rate; error rate

Question 70

The number of interviews that must be completed is the ________.

A) incidence rate
B) initial sample size
C) completion rate
D) final sample size

Question 71

If the incidence rate is 0.25,then on average how many potential respondents must be approached in order to obtain one qualified respondent?

A) )25
B) )75
C) 1.25
D) 3
E) 4

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative factor that should be considered when determining the sample size?

A) the importance of the decision
B) the nature of the research
C) incidence rates
D) the number of variables
E) All of the selections are qualitative factors that should be considered when determining the sample size.

Question 73

The area under the normal distribution curve between any two points can be calculated in terms of ________.

A) z values
B) F values
C) n values
D) t values
E) chi-square values

Question 74

When studying a characteristic with a ________,the researcher will have to initially contact many more people than if the characteristic has a ________.

A) low incidence rate; high incidence rate
B) low random rate; high random rate
C) high incidence rate; low incidence rate
D) high random rate; low random rate
E) low diversity; high diversity

Question 75

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

A) Sample size is one of the major costs in a research project.
B) Sample size is directly proportional to the variance of the variable.
C) Estimates of the population variance are based on small pilot studies, related research and judgment of the researcher.
D) The researcher should disclose to the client unexpected differences between expected and actual sample standard deviations.
E) Inflating population variance estimates does not lead to inflating the sample size.

Question 76

The ________ is a national measure of satisfaction with quality that provides a resource for examining the differences in satisfaction among customers of different industries by their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.

A) Arbitron Rating Index
B) American Customer Satisfaction Index
C) Nielsen panel Index
D) American Regulated Index
E) J. D. Power Loyalty Index

Question 77

Which of the following factors DOES NOT need to be specified when using a statistical package to determine the appropriate sample size for a research study?

A) precision level
B) confidence level
C) population standard deviation
D) population demographics
E) C and D

Question 78

When conducting marketing research in foreign countries,statistical estimation of sample size may be difficult since estimates of the ________ may be unavailable.

A) population variance
B) population demographics
C) population density
D) population error
E) census boundaries

Question 79

According to the text,one of the biggest challenges in online research is the ability to ________.

A) generate quality responses
B) generate a truly random sample
C) generate sufficient responses
D) generate a convenience sample
E) generate analysis of variance

Question 80

Statistical calculation of sample size requires specification of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) precision level.
B) confidence level.
C) population standard deviation.
D) r value.
E) C and D