Deck 11: Prisons and Jails

Question 1

The flagship institution of the Pennsylvania System is ____________.

A) Eastern State Penitentiary
B) Sing Sing
C) Castle Island Fortress
D) Parchman Farms

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following was not characteristic of the reformatory era?

A) Inmates could earn time off of their sentence for good behavior.
B) Inmates were evaluated to determine what led to their criminal behavior.
C) Inmates aptitude for work and rehabilitation was assessed.
D) All of these were characteristic of the reformatory era.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

At the end of 2014,there were an estimated 744,600 individuals housed in local jails.__________ housed the largest number of jail inmates nationwide with 81,547 over the year.

A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) Texas
D) California

Answer 3

D

Question 4

This reformatory era saw the introduction of _______ as an early release program to reward inmate's rehabilitative efforts.

A) probation
B) work release
C) parole
D) community service

Question 5

A __________ is a facility that is designed to house individuals for a period of time as a form of punishment for breaking the law.

A) prison
B) jail
C) penitentiary
D) work house

Question 6

__________ was the first penal institution to use individual cells and work details for inmates.

A) Sing Sing
B) Walnut Street Jail
C) Eastern State Penitentiary
D) Castle Island Fortress

Question 7

Most prisons are run by the ______ government.

A) federal
B) state
C) local
D) county

Question 8

Today,______ are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution and are either not eligible for bail or cannot afford it.

A) jails
B) prisons
C) reformatories
D) penitentiaries

Question 9

What year did the reformatory era emerge?

A) 1842
B) 1876
C) 1946
D) 1953

Question 10

The reformatory era emerged in _________.

A) Philadelphia
B) Los Angeles
C) Chicago
D) New York

Question 11

In 1891,Carlos was sent to a prison facility where he was required to maintain total silence,and he was subjected to harsh whippings.Carlos was most likely serving time in what facility?

A) Eastern State Penitentiary
B) Sing Sing
C) Castle Island Fortress
D) Parchman Farms

Question 12

The reformatory era emerged at __________.

A) Elmira Reformatory
B) Auburn Reformatory
C) Parchman Reformatory
D) El Dorado Reformatory

Question 13

Between 1900 and 1940,the _______ era dominated the prison landscape.

A) punishment
B) treatment
C) reformatory
D) none of these are correct

Question 14

The _______ was a silent system in which inmates engaged in congregate labor systems.

A) Massachusetts System
B) Pennsylvania System
C) New York System
D) Southern Agricultural System

Question 15

_________ are managed by local city or county governments and are often staffed by the local police or sheriff.

A) Jails
B) Prisons
C) Reformatories
D) Penitentiaries

Question 16

The first penal institution to use individual cells and work details for inmates opened in _____ in 1776.

A) New York City
B) Los Angeles
C) Chicago
D) Philadelphia

Question 17

The _________ was characterized by larger cells that allowed inmates to remain isolated from each other.This system of solitary confinement was developed to prevent inmates from corrupting one another.

A) Massachusetts System
B) Pennsylvania System
C) New York System
D) Southern Agricultural System

Question 18

________ first opened in 1831 with 800 cells.Over time,more units were added to increase the number of inmates that could be housed.The days were filled with corporal punishment and abuse of the prisoners in the name of "rehabilitation."

A) Eastern State Penitentiary
B) Sing Sing
C) Castle Island Fortress
D) Parchman Farms

Question 19

The earliest facility that embodied the concepts of the New York System was ______.

A) Eastern State Penitentiary
B) Sing Sing
C) Castle Island Fortress
D) Auburn Prison

Question 20

Which of the following was not characteristic of early jails?

A) They were overcrowded
B) Prisoners were required to pay their own way.
C) Did not have basic necessities such as heating, water, or plumbing.
D) Facilities had large cell sizes designed for multiple inmates

Question 21

For young inmates,black males had the greatest disparity of incarceration as they were 10 times more likely to be in prison compared to similarly aged white men.

Question 22

For correctional officers,there is a high degree of bureaucracy within the prison walls,which can contribute to feelings of job dissatisfaction.

Question 23

Correctional officers do not need a warrant in order to search an inmate's cell or to seize materials and use it as evidence against them.

Question 24

Which of the following is not one of the challenges faced by correctional officers?

A) a high degree of bureaucracy within prison walls
B) a risk of harm from the inmates
C) officers may feel stuck in their roles as they perform the same duties day in and day out
D) all of these are challenges faced by correctional officers

Question 25

A minimum security-level prison is designed to house serious and violent offenders.Inmate movement and autonomy is significantly restricted,and inmates are often a risk to themselves,other inmates and staff.

Question 26

There is a disproportionate number of ___________ in state prisons.

A) white males
B) black males
C) white females
D) black females

Question 27

__________ have higher rates of incarceration for violent offenses.

A) Whites
B) Blacks
C) Hispanics
D) Asians

Question 28

In the case of Cooper v.Pate,the Supreme Court ruled that deliberate indifference to inmate medical needs constitutes cruel and unusual punishment and is therefore unconstitutional.

Question 29

A _______ security-level prison is designed to house serious and violent offenders.Inmate movement and autonomy is significantly restricted,and inmates are often a risk to themselves,other inmates,and staff.

A) minimum
B) medium
C) maximum
D) supermax

Question 30

Racial disproportionality occurs when inmates of color are overrepresented in the prison population,compared to their representation in society in general.

Question 31

While men are more likely to be incarcerated for violent crimes,women are more likely to be incarcerated for _________.

A) property offenses
B) drug offenses
C) all of these are correct
D) none of these are correct

Question 32

Many correctional officers may feel stuck in their roles as they perform the same duties day in and day out.

Question 33

The case of Estelle v.Gamble validated and made clear the right of inmates to sue prison systems and prison staff.

Question 34

The majority of correctional officers are men.

Question 35

The eighth amendment that has issued some of the more sweeping reforms to the prison environment.One of the most significant decisions occurred in the case of __________,which held that institutions may not engage in the deliberate indifference of the serious medical needs of inmates.

A) Batson v. Kentucky
B) Cooper v. Pate
C) Estelle v. Gamble
D) Brown v. Plata

Question 36

It was once the prevailing legal philosophy that prisoners forfeited their constitutional rights as a consequence of their crimes.__________ shifted this philosophy and opened the floodgates on prisoner litigation.

A) Batson v. Kentucky
B) Cooper v. Pate
C) Estelle v. Gamble
D) Brown v. Plata

Question 37

Overcrowding occurs when there are more individuals in prison than a facility is designed to house.Both the Bureau of Prisons and at least 18 states are currently dealing with issues of prison overcrowding.

Question 38

In addition to jails that are run by local authorities,there are ____ jails that are operated by Tribal authorities and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.These facilities house individuals who are arrested or sentenced for crimes that occur on tribal land.

A) 15
B) 36
C) 64
D) 79

Question 39

53.2% of all inmates are in state prison for __________ offenses

A) violent
B) property
C) drug
D) public order

Question 40

Inmates in these facilities are generally locked up in individual cells for 23 hours a day and are kept in solitary confinement with limited interaction with others.

A) minimum
B) medium
C) maximum
D) supermax

Question 41

What are some of the major differences between jail and prison?

Question 42

What are the characteristics of the Pennsylvania System?

Question 43

Prisons are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution,individuals on shorter term sentences,or individuals that are being held for a probation or parole violation.

Question 44

What are the characteristics of a maximum security prison?

Question 45

Many minimum-level facilities have limited or no fencing around the perimeter of the institution.

Question 46

What is racial disproportionality and how does it affect the correctional system?

Question 47

What are the major types of prisons and what are they used for?

Question 48

What are the characteristics of a minimum security prison?

Question 49

What are some characteristics of military prisons?

Question 50

The New York system was a system of solitary confinement.

Question 51

What is overcrowding and how does it affect the correctional system?

Question 52

What is the purpose of private prisons? What are some characteristics of private prisons?

Question 53

What are some of the major duties and challenges that correctional officers face on the job?

Question 54

The Pennsylvania System was a silent system where inmates engaged in congregate labor.

Question 55

Most prison inmates are housed in federal prisons.

Question 56

What are the characteristics of a medium security prison?

Question 57

Explain the significance of Estelle v.Gamble (1976).

Question 58

Explain the significance of Cooper v.Pate (1964).

Question 59

What are the characteristics of a supermax prison?

Question 60

What are the characteristics of the New York System?

Question 61

Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system.

Question 62

Are private prisons a good idea? Defend your answer.

Question 63

Describe the purpose and demographics of military prisons.

Question 64

Which amendment would you hold most dear if you were incarcerated? Explain.

Question 65

Discuss the significance of Cooper v.Pate (1964)and Turner v.Safley (1987).

Question 66

Is segregation a good correctional policy?

Question 67

Should supermax prisons be used more frequently? Defend your answer.

Question 68

List and explain the four uses of segregation.

Question 69

What are some key features of the different security levels?

Question 70

Discuss the significance of PREA.

Question 71

Describe the different prison security levels.