Deck 12: Community Corrections

Question 1

_______ is a financial commitment provided to the court,usually either as property or money,in exchange for the promise to appear at a later date.

A) Bail
B) Release On Own Recognizance
C) Pretrial Detention
D) Diversion

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a benefit of diversion programs?

A) Help reduce the number of cases that are formally processed by the criminal justice system.
B) Provide skills that aid in the rehabilitation of the offender.
C) Offender is able to avoid the stigma associated with a criminal conviction.
D) All of these are benefits of diversion programs.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

John Augustus is credited with the establishment of ______ in the United States.

A) probation
B) parole
C) diversion
D) electronic monitoring

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a program in community corrections?

A) parole
B) probation
C) pretrial supervision
D) all of these are programs in community corrections

Question 5

Individuals on __________ are generally not required to check in with a probation officer but are required to meet certain terms and conditions set forth by the court.

A) intensive probation
B) supervised probation
C) shock probation
D) unsupervised probation

Question 6

The most common type of diversion programs are for ______.

A) first-time low-level juvenile offenders
B) low-level juvenile offenders with criminal histories
C) first-time low-level adult offenders
D) low-level adult offenders with criminal histories

Question 7

_________ occurs when an offender is either denied bail or is financially unable to make bail and must remain in custody until their case is resolved or their status changes with the court.

A) Pretrial detention
B) Release On Own Recognizance
C) Pretrial Release
D) Diversion

Question 8

__________ is also referred to as community control probation.

A) Intensive probation
B) Supervised probation
C) Shock probation
D) Unsupervised probation

Question 9

Which of the following is an intermediate sanction?

A) House arrest
B) Electronic monitoring
C) Halfway houses
D) All of these are intermediate sanctions

Question 10

Under __________,the offender is required to check in either face-to-face or by telephone on a particular schedule.Depending on the type of case,offenders may be required to check in on either a monthly or a weekly basis.

A) Intensive probation
B) supervised probation
C) shock probation
D) unsupervised probation

Question 11

While there is no right to bail,the _____ amendment of the U.S.Constitution does specify that excessive bail is unconstitutional.

A) fourth
B) sixth
C) eighth
D) fourteenth

Question 12

Which of the following is not a common condition of probation assigned by the court?

A) Obtain permission to change residence
B) Maintain employment or attendance in school
C) Maintain sobriety from drugs and alcohol
D) All of these are common conditions of probation

Question 13

Which of the following is incorrect about diversion programs?

A) They lead to net-widening.
B) There is little evidence that demonstrates that diversion programs serve as an effective deterrent or help prevent recidivism.
C) there is evidence that diversion programs can be more successful than traditional court interventions.
D) They do not reduce the number of cases that are formally processed by the criminal justice system.

Question 14

__________ involves the use of a short-term incarceration sentence in conjunction with a traditional probation sentence.

A) Intensive probation
B) Supervised probation
C) Shock probation
D) Unsupervised probation

Question 15

The goal of ________ programs is to refer offenders to a program instead of processing the case through the system.

A) Bail
B) Release On Own Recognizance
C) Pretrial Detention
D) Diversion

Question 16

_________ refers to the practice of bringing more offenders under the jurisdiction of the juvenile and criminal justice systems.

A) Overcrowding
B) Net-widening
C) Overpopulating
D) System expansion

Question 17

A _______ requires an offender to attend a program or center during the day,but allows them to live in their own homes during the evening.

A) work release program
B) day reporting center
C) halfway house
D) house arrest program

Question 18

Who prepares the presentencing investigative report (PSI)?

A) Probation officer
B) Judge
C) Police officer
D) Court clerk

Question 19

__________ is a term that is generally used to reference the category of intervention between probation and incarceration.

A) Community correction
B) Intermediate sanction
C) Diversionary sentence
D) Shock probation

Question 20

The first probation statute was passed in __________.

A) New York
B) Masachusetts
C) Texas
D) California

Question 21

The passage of the __________ of 1984 abolished parole for Federal levels.

A) Federal Parole Reform Act
B) Sentencing Reform Act
C) Parole Abolishment Act
D) Community Corrections Reform Act

Question 22

More than half of these re-arrests occur within the first year of freedom.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a common problem faced by ex-offenders upon release?

A) They face a new identity.
B) They have difficulty finding employment.
C) They lack coping skills.
D) All of these are common problems.

Question 24

Upon release,very few offenders return to the same communities in which they lived prior to their incarceration.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a characteristic examined by parole boards to determine whether an offender should be placed on parole?

A) Nature of the Offense
B) Criminal History of the Offender
C) Institutional Behavior of the Offender
D) All of these are common characteristics examined by parole boards

Question 26

A _______ is designed to provide a transitional living arrangement for ex-offenders upon their release from jail or prison.

A) work release program
B) day reporting center
C) halfway house
D) house arrest program

Question 27

In many cases,house arrest programs are used in conjunction with electronic monitoring.

Question 28

The term parole has two different meanings: a determination of whether a person is eligible to be released while they are incarcerated and a period of supervision following release.

Question 29

John Augustus first introduced parole to the United States.

Question 30

Alexander Maconochie and Sir Walter Crofon are credited with the establishment of _______.

A) probation
B) parole
C) diversion
D) electronic monitoring

Question 31

Upon release from prison,Tim was sent to a place designed to provide a transitional living arrangement for ex-offenders upon their release from jail or prison.This means Tim is in a day reporting center.

Question 32

In most cases,_______ determine whether an offender should be released on parole.

A) judges
B) parole boards
C) parole officers
D) governors

Question 33

Recidivism means that a person returns to criminal behavior after they have been punished by the criminal justice system.

Question 34

If Carla is in a program that allows her to leave the facility during the day to go to work or school while requiring her to remain in the jail during the evenings and weekends,she is in a day reporting center.

Question 35

Parole boards examine the offender's plan for reintegration when making a decision.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a common problem faced by ex-offenders upon release?

A) They lack basic necessities such as housing, clothing, and food.
B) They are eager to re-establish relationships with friends and family members.
C) They have obligations as part of her release.
D) All of these are common problems.

Question 37

_______ refers to the supervision of offenders following their release from prison.

A) Probation
B) Parole
C) Intermediate sanction
D) Intensive probation

Question 38

Today,parole is granted at both the federal and state levels.

Question 39

_______ is the formal term used to describe when a person returns to criminal behavior after they have been punished by the criminal justice system.

A) Reoffending
B) Recidivism
C) Reinstitutionalization
D) Re-arrest

Question 40

_________ is a term used to describe a determination of whether an incarcerated offender should be released back into the community.

A) Probation
B) Parole
C) Intermediate sanction
D) Intensive probation

Question 41

What is house arrest and how does it work?

Question 42

ROR is a financial commitment provided to the court,usually either as property or money,in exchange for the promise to appear at a later date.

Question 43

Briefly explain the differences between the five types of probation.

Question 44

What is the difference between probation and parole?

Question 45

What is the major benefit of a diversionary program for the offender?

Question 46

Compare the two different ways that the term parole is used.

Question 47

What is an intermediate sanction? What are some of the most summon intermediate sanctions discussed in the text?

Question 48

How did the field of pretrial services develop?

Question 49

The field of pretrial services emerged to bridge the gap between pretrial detention and bail programs.

Question 50

Mandatory revocation of probation occurs in cases where an offender refuses to comply with drug testing or tests positive for a controlled substance three times within a year.

Question 51

What are the major needs faced by ex-offenders during the reentry process?

Question 52

What is the major benefit of a diversionary program to the criminal justice system?

Question 53

What is the significance of The Bail Reform Act of 1984?

Question 54

Provide one example of a diversionary program and briefly discuss how it works.

Question 55

What are the major weaknesses associated with diversionary programs?

Question 56

The probation officer prepares the presentencing investigative report (PSI)which provides the court with detailed information regarding the background of the offender,information about the offense,victim impact statements,and restitution information,and opinions on the likelihood that the offender will be successfully rehabilitated.

Question 57

What is a diversionary program?

Question 58

What is the presentence investigation report? What is its function?

Question 59

What is bail? Do you have a constitutional right to bail? Explain.

Question 60

One of the primary benefits of diversion programs is that they do not lead to net-widening.

Question 61

What are the qualifications needed to serve on a parole board?

Question 62

How does crime-specific probation differ from other forms of probation?

Question 63

What four elements does the PSI report include?

Question 64

What factors impact bail?

Question 65

List four factors that parole boards consider when making their decisions.

Question 66

What are the benefits and drawbacks of drug courts?

Question 67

Compare and contrast intensive-supervision probation with supervised probation.

Question 68

Should drug courts be expanded? Defend your answer.

Question 69

Discuss the benefits of two forms of intermediate sanctions.

Question 70

Should we ban the box?