Deck 11: Job Discrimination

Question 1

Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination?

A)Brown v.Board of Education upheld the principle of "separate but equal"
B)the Bakke case outlawed affirmative action across the board
C)in the 2004 Holtz case,the Supreme Court ruled that "race-conscious" admissions policies are unconstitutional
D)in the University of Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter),the Supreme Court upheld moderate,flexible affirmative action programs

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Many Americans oppose what issue because they fear it will mean in practice,illegal quotas,preferential treatment of African Americans and women,and even reverse discrimination against white men?

A)affirmative action
B)sexual diversity
C)sexual harassment
D)age discrimination

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Today most large corporations not only accept the necessity of affirmative action but also find that _____ benefits when they make themselves more diverse?

A)the morale of the company
B)the bottom line
C)the law department
D)the managers

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A)Men cannot be victims of sexual harassment.
B)The Supreme Court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans.
C)The law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination.
D)Differences in levels and types of education explain why,on the average,men earn more than women.

Question 5

As they try and fit into a work world dominated by white men,women and minorities can be disadvantaged by

A)false preconceptions.
B)stereotypes.
C)prejudiced attitudes.
D)all of these can be a disadvantage.

Question 6

What do affirmative action programs involve?

A)Firms should prepare an oral equal-employment policy and an affirmative action commitment.
B)Firms should appoint an administrative assistant to direct and implement their program and to publicize their policy and affirmative action commitment.
C)Firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department and job classification.
D)Whenever underrepresentation of females or minorities is evident,firms are to try a little harder.

Question 7

How many sexual harassment complaints are filed with the EEOC or state and local authorities each year?

A)over 11,000
B)over 15,000
C)over 25,000
D)over 50,000

Question 8

Which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?

A)Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action.
B)Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms.
C)Affirmative action violates the principle of equality.
D)Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR affirmative action?

A)It evens the score with young white men,who have had it good for too long.
B)It is necessary to break the cycle that keeps minorities and women locked into low-paying,low-prestige jobs.
C)It ignores the principle of equality.
D)It is a color-blind policy.

Question 10

The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v.Stotts

A)treated sexual harassment as a form of discrimination.
B)upheld seniority over affirmative action.
C)upheld the legality of hiring quotas.
D)upheld the legality of mandatory drug testing.

Question 11

Affirmative action,comparable worth,and sexual harassment are connected to

A)job performance.
B)job discrimination.
C)job analysis.
D)job description.

Question 12

When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men-all of them articulate and conventionally dressed-to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington,D.C.,the results clearly showed

A)sexual discrimination against young African-American men.
B)racial discrimination against young African-American men.
C)sexual discrimination against young white men.
D)racial discrimination against young white men.

Question 13

​According to the text,job discrimination occurs when

A)​An employment decision in some way harms or disadvantages an employee or a job applicant.
B)​The decision is based on the person's membership in a certain group rather than on individual merit.
C)​The decision rests on prejudice,false stereotypes,or the assumption that the group in question is in some way inferior and thus does not deserve equal treatment.
D)​All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Opponents of comparable worth insist which one of these ideas support their position?

A)Most women want a rigid schedule.
B)Most women want the most challenging job.
C)Most women have chosen the higher paying occupations.
D)Most women have freely chosen the lower paying occupations.

Question 15

Sexual comments that one woman appreciates might distress another women.The courts decide when such behavior is inappropriate by seeing if the behavior would be offensive to

A)the person to whom the comments are directed.
B)the person accused of harassment.
C)the hypothetical "reasonable person."
D)the common law as modified by legislation.

Question 16

Advocates of "comparable worth"

A)simply want equal pay for the same job.
B)base their doctrine on the free-market determination of wages.
C)believe it is necessary for getting rid of sexual harassment.
D)believe women and men should be paid on the same scale for doing equivalent jobs and different jobs involving equivalent skill,effort,and responsibility.

Question 17

In 1987,the Supreme Court affirmed,in the case of Johnson v.Transportation Agency,that

A)affirmative action is unconstitutional.
B)quotas based on considerations of race are unconstitutional.
C)considerations of sex are permissible as one factor in deciding whom to promote.
D)racially segregated schooling is unconstitutional.

Question 18

Male managers frequently assume that women

A)will not place family demands above work considerations.
B)possess the necessary drive to succeed in business.
C)take negative feedback professionally rather than personally.
D)are too emotional to be good managers.

Question 19

Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?

A)African Americans have the third highest standard of living in the world.
B)Today,men are just as likely as women to be in so-called "pink collar" occupations.
C)There is little statistical evidence of job discrimination today.
D)Relatively few women and minorities have made it to the very top of their professions.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment?

A)A female employer suggesting sexual offers to a male employee.
B)A female employee hugging a co-worker when he announces his engagement.
C)A manager enforcing a dress code for a work environment.
D)An employee pinning up comic strips in an office cubicle.

Question 21

Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should "make rigid quotas to ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race,creed,color,or national origin.''

Question 22

Kantians would support repudiate job discrimination as necessary to respect people as ends in themselves.

Question 23

What should a female employee do if she encounters sexual harassment?

A)She must decide if she likes the attention.
B)She should try to document it by keeping a record of what has occurred,who was involved,and when it happened.
C)Keep it to herself and never tell a soul.
D)Go on a talk show and tell her story.

Question 24

To discriminate in employment is to make an adverse decision against an employee or job applicant based solely on his or her membership in a certain class.

Question 25

To answer the question of who determines what is objectionable or offensive in sexual harassment,the courts use what kind of hypothetical person?

A)reasonable person
B)sensual person
C)hysterical person
D)management person

Question 26

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed sexual and racial discrimination at work until overturned by the Supreme Court.

Question 27

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers,both public and private,with twenty five or more employees.

Question 28

The Supreme Court,in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v.Regents of the University of California,upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its medical school for minorities.

Question 29

Women entering male turf,or minority workers of either sex going into a predominantly white work environment,can find themselves uncomfortably being measured by a white male value system.

Question 30

Companies clearly have what kind of obligation to provide a work environment in which employees are free from sexual harassment?

A)legal
B)moral
C)environmental
D)personal

Question 31

The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v.Pena shows that,after years of disagreement,the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.

Question 32

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972)prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race,color,sex,religion,or national origin.

Question 33

Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.

Question 34

The only true form of job discrimination is intentional and individual.

Question 35

Anti-discrimination laws do not address the present-day effects of past discrimination.

Question 36

Diversity in the workplace can be viewed as a competitive advantage.

Question 37

What are the two types of sexual harassment?

A)Male to female,female to male.
B)Male to male,female to female.
C)Boss to worker,worker to boss.
D)"Quid pro quo" and "hostile work environment."

Question 38

Affirmative action is synonymous for reverse discrimination.

Question 39

One message that sexual harassment conveys is that managers view women as

A)assets.
B)equals.
C)high potentials.
D)playthings.

Question 40

"Affirmative action" means programs taking the race or sex of employees or job candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that exist as a result of past discrimination,either in the company itself or in the larger society.

Question 41

Could sexual harassment laws lead to women being further stereotyped as,for example,weak? Explain your view.

Question 42

What are the two types of sexual harassment? When is behavior objectionable or offensive enough to constitute harassment?

Question 43

What is the Supreme Court's current view of affirmative action (as evidenced by the Michigan cases Gratz and Grutter)?

Question 44

Opponents of comparable worth claim that women have freely chosen their occupations and are not entitled to compensation.They contend that only the market can and should determine the value of different jobs and that revising pay schedules would be expensive.

Question 45

What is some of the statistical evidence of job discrimination?

Question 46

What is some of the attitudinal evidence of job discrimination?

Question 47

What are the different forms that job discrimination can take?

Question 48

The Supreme Court has ruled that sexual favoritism is a form of sexual harassment and is therefore illegal.

Question 49

​Critics of affirmative action argue that affirmative action injures white men and infringes their rights,that affirmative action itself violates the principle of equality,and that nondiscrimination (without affirmative action)will suffice to achieve our social goals.

Question 50

Men cannot be the victims of sexual harassment.

Question 51

Comparable worth is the idea that women and men should be paid on the same scale for doing different jobs if they involve equivalent skill,effort,and responsibility.

Question 52

What are the general guidelines the EEOC lists as steps to affirmative action?

Question 53

​The Supreme Court has not reaffirmed the legality of affirmative action even when such programs are moderate and flexible.

Question 54

Affirmative action should be distinguished from reverse discrimination.What is the difference?

Question 55

Catherine A.MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on someone who is not in a position to refuse it.

Question 56

What is the doctrine of comparable worth? On what grounds do opponents of comparable worth criticize it?

Question 57

An isolated or occasional remark or innuendo inevitably constitutes sexual harassment.

Question 58

The courts view sexual harassment as a kind of sexual discrimination.

Question 59

Job discrimination occurs under three possible conditions.What are they?

Question 60

Experts distinguish two types of sexual harassment."Hostile work environment" is one of them.

Question 61

Explain in your own words the pros and cons of this argument against affirmative action - "Affirmative action injures white men and violates their rights."

Question 62

Should the sexual orientation of gays and lesbians be protected against discrimination?

Question 63

Explain specific steps to protect your workplace from the liability of sexual harassment by supervisors.

Question 64

Describe how and why sexual harassment is a determent to the workplace.

Question 65

Is it unrealistic to imagine that there will be no sexual interaction between men and women in the workplace?  Produce the reasonings on both sides of the argument.