Deck 18: Family

Question 1

The incest taboo

A) exists only in industrial societies.
B) is found in all societies.
C) is found among all living species.
D) has a different meaning in every society.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The concept "patrilocality" refers to

A) rule of men over women.
B) a residential pattern by which a married couple lives near the husband's family.
C) a system of tracing descent through males.
D) a family composed of only males.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Assume you were visiting a society in which people traced family ties only through women. This society would correctly be called

A) patrilocal.
B) matrilineal.
C) matrilocal.
D) polygynous.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The family is a social institution that is found in

A) most but not all societies.
B) about half of human societies in the world today.
C) high-income nations but not in most low-income nations.
D) every society.

Question 5

To which region of the world would you travel if you wanted to visit many countries where the law permits polygamy?

A) both Africa and Asia
B) North America
C) South America
D) Scandinavia

Question 6

Which of the following are NOT counted among the functions of the family?

A) socialization of the young
B) regulation of sexual activity
C) social placement
D) job placement

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT part of the definition of "marriage?"

A) sexual activity
B) love
C) a legal relationship
D) economic cooperation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a basis for kinship?

A) having the same ancestors
B) marriage
C) adoption.
D) informal but close friendships

Question 9

The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between

A) people of the same sex.
B) people of different social categories.
C) people of the same social category.
D) people related by birth.

Question 10

Which of the following are traits of marriage?

A) a legally approved relationship
B) sexual activity and child-bearing
C) economic co-operation
D) political co-operation

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Canada has changed its formal definition of marriage to include same-sex relationships.
B) Approximately 20% of Canadian women are lesbians.
C) All children raised by lesbian mothers, thus far, have grown up to be gay or lesbian.
D) In the past, lesbians who left heterosexual relationships had no trouble gaining custody of their children.

Question 12

A social-exchange analysis of family life is likely to consider

A) how families keep society as a whole operating.
B) how families perpetuate social inequality.
C) how individuals select partners who offer about as much as they do.
D) how families regulate sexual activity.

Question 13

Following the structural-functional approach, the family

A) operates to perpetuate social inequality.
B) is important enough to be called the backbone of society.
C) encourages patriarchy.
D) diminishes personal freedoms.

Question 14

Typically, high-income societies make use of which of the following systems to trace ancestry?

A) bilateral descent
B) matrilineal descent
C) patrilineal descent
D) unilateral descent

Question 15

A system of marriage that unites two partners is called

A) polygyny.
B) polygamy.
C) polyandry.
D) monogamy.

Question 16

A system of marriage that unites one woman with two or more men is called

A) polygyny.
B) polygamy.
C) polyandry.
D) polyamory.

Question 17

A family composed of one or two parents and their children is called

A) a nuclear family.
B) an extended family.
C) a family of affinity.
D) a consanguine family.

Question 18

A family that includes parents and children as well as other kin is called

A) a nuclear family.
B) an extended family.
C) a family of affinity.
D) a conjugal family.

Question 19

Matrilineal descent is typically found in which type of societies?

A) hunting and gathering, where women gather vegetation
B) horticultural, where women are the main food producers
C) industrial, where women enter the workplace
D) post-industrial, where women dominate intellectual fields of work

Question 20

Celebrity couples that we see in the mass media illustrate the fact that

A) nuclear families have changed little in recent decades.
B) most people live in extended families.
C) families take many, diverse forms.
D) fewer and fewer people want to live in families.

Question 21

The concept "homogamy" means that

A) people marry because they benefit from being married.
B) women usually marry older men.
C) people marry others who are socially like themselves.
D) most marriages are based on romantic love.

Question 22

There are approximately ______ Aboriginal communities in Canada.

A) 100
B) 450
C) 700
D) 1525

Question 23

Social-conflict and feminist analysis explain that families perpetuate social inequality in U.S. society through several means. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) inheritance of private property
B) encouraging patriarchy
C) passing on racial and ethnic inequality
D) programs of social equality that undermine male authority

Question 24

Describing the lives of working-class women, Lillian Rubin reported that the typical woman in her study said she wanted a husband who

A) would confide in her.
B) was handsome.
C) had a steady job and was not violent.
D) was rich.

Question 25

In Canada, a recent trend involving parenting is that

A) women are having more children.
B) women are marrying earlier in life.
C) more adults are delaying having children or choosing to remain childless.
D) most men are now marrying before age 20.

Question 26

According to your text, social class determines a family's financial security and

A) chance of relationship success.
B) range of opportunities.
C) amount of personal contact with grown children.
D) rate of infidelity.

Question 27

In today's high-income nations, children are

A) an economic asset.
B) an economic liability.
C) able to earn more than what parents spend to raise them.
D) leaving home to go to work earlier in life than ever before.

Question 28

Which country has the highest divorce rate in the world?

A) Canada
B) Sweden
C) Germany
D) United States

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a reason for the rise in divorce rates in Canada?

A) rising individualism
B) romantic love often fades
C) more women are less economically dependent on men
D) human beings are not biologically predisposed to marriage

Question 30

Today's baby boomers are often called the "sandwich generation" because

A) of their love of fast food.
B) they do not easily mix family and work responsibilities.
C) their families rarely eat meals together.
D) they spend time caring for both children and aging parents.

Question 31

An important consideration leading many Canadian parents to limit the number of children they have is

A) the fear of an "empty nest" later on.
B) the high cost of raising children.
C) the approval of extended family members.
D) overpopulation.

Question 32

Over the past century, ____________ has mattered less and less to those choosing a marriage partner.

A) class
B) race
C) gender
D) ethnicity

Question 33

Jessie Bernard claimed that marriage

A) benefits women more than men.
B) benefits both women and men equally.
C) benefits men more than women.
D) is harmful to both women and men.

Question 34

The term "empty nest" refers to

A) families whose children have grown and left home.
B) women who choose to remain single.
C) women who marry but choose to remain childless.
D) couples who are unable to have a child.

Question 35

In Canada, romantic love

A) is rarely the reason most people expect to marry.
B) is a very stable foundation for marriage.
C) rarely contributes to a high divorce rate.
D) is not a very stable foundation for marriage.

Question 36

The most difficult transition in married life is typically

A) the birth of a first child.
B) the death of a spouse.
C) the last child leaving home.
D) retirement.

Question 37

What is the effect of industrialization on the number of children in a typical family?

A) Families have more children.
B) Families have the same number of children.
C) Families have fewer children.
D) Families no longer care about how many children they have.

Question 38

In traditional regions of many lower-income countries, such as Sri Lanka, marriage

A) has little to do with romantic love.
B) is unknown.
C) is delayed until the people reach their thirties.
D) almost always ends in divorce.

Question 39

When did the federal government formally apologize to Aboriginal people for the "tragedy of residential schools"?

A) 1940
B) 1986
C) 2008
D) 2015

Question 40

About _________ of the Canadian Aboriginal population lives off-reserve.

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 85%

Question 41

The "golden age of families" in the mass media was in the

A) 1930s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1980s.
D) 1990s.

Question 42

Mounting research suggests that cohabitation

A) strengthens a couple's commitment to one another.
B) may actually discourage marriage.
C) increases the financial security of children.
D) decreases the financial security of children.

Question 43

Research shows that growing up in a single-parent family

A) is beneficial to children.
B) has no effect on children.
C) can disadvantage children.
D) is beneficial to boys, but harmful to girls.

Question 44

The dominant residential form in Canada is neolocality.

Question 45

Another name for the extended family is the conjugal family.

Question 46

Looking for evidence about how much the traditional family is eroding, you might point to the fact that

A) singlehood is down.
B) the divorce rate is up.
C) fewer children are born to single mothers.
D) there is less interest in young adults to have a family.

Question 47

In many African nations, the law permits a man to have more than one wife.

Question 48

In 1989, which country became the first to permit legal same-sex partnerships with many of the benefits of marriage?

A) Denmark
B) Canada
C) Sweden
D) the United States

Question 49

Around the world, most marriages have been polygamous.

Question 50

Richard J. Gelles calls the ______________ "the most violent group in society with the exception of the police and the military."

A) government
B) educational system
C) state
D) family

Question 51

Endogamy refers to the pattern of people marrying partners socially like themselves.

Question 52

Looking ahead twenty years in Canada, we can predict with confidence that

A) the divorce rate will drop dramatically.
B) most people will not marry.
C) family life will be diverse.
D) women will play an ever-smaller role in child rearing.

Question 53

Parents and children form an extended family.

Question 54

Based on the text, which of the following categories of people would you expect to have the highest risk of divorce?

A) young people who marry after a short courtship
B) a couple facing a wanted and expected pregnancy
C) a couple whose parents never experienced divorce
D) a couple in an arranged marriage

Question 55

Almost all adults who abuse children typically have what in common?

A) They are middle class.
B) They are women.
C) They were abused themselves as children.
D) They were married at a very young age.

Question 56

Polyandry unites one female with two or more males in marriage.

Question 57

Kinship is based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.

Question 58

Bilateral descent is found in societies that have a relatively high level of gender equality.

Question 59

The structural-functional approach points out how family perpetuates social inequality.

Question 60

Exogamy means that parents of similar social position pass on their standing to their children.

Question 61

The proportion of couples cohabiting in Canada more than doubled from 1981 to 2011.

Question 62

The most serious problem among families with one parent is poverty.

Question 63

Canada's total fertility rate as of 2012 fell below the replacement rate (2.1 children per woman).

Question 64

Native residential schools are largely responsible for Aboriginal elders losing their authority in families.

Question 65

Many people in Canada who divorce will remarry at some point.

Question 66

Sexual activity outside marriage is called infidelity.

Question 67

Most cases of family violence involve men as both victims and offenders.

Question 68

Social class affects what women expect in a husband.

Question 69

Jessie Bernard claimed that women would be happier in marriage if men did not expect them to do almost all the housework.

Question 70

One reason for today's high divorce rate in Canada is that women are more economically dependent on men.

Question 71

Most research suggests that growing up in a one-parent family disadvantages children.

Question 72

Increasing numbers of First Nations members are living off-reserve.

Question 73

Feminist analysis links the operation of the family to patriarchy.

Question 74

In traditional societies, parents may arrange the marriages of their very young children.

Question 75

"Latchkey kids" is the name given to children who go to daycare after school.

Question 76

New reproductive technologies complicate the issue of biological parentage.

Question 77

In recent years, same-sex marriage has become legal throughout the United States.

Question 78

According to David Popenoe, Sweden has the weakest families on earth.

Question 79

Romantic love is the basis of marriage in pre-industrial societies.

Question 80

People in Canada today are more accepting of divorce than they were a century ago.