Deck 12: Global Stratification

Question 1

The people of the high-income countries, who represent 23 percent of the world's population, enjoy about how much of the world's income?

A) 27 percent
B) 43 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 59 percent

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In middle-income nations, average personal income is in the range of

A) $250 and $1000.
B) $1000 and $2500.
C) $2500 and $12 500.
D) $10 000 and $25 000.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A majority of the world's people live in

A) low-income nations.
B) middle-income nations.
C) high-income nations.
D) second world nations.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

______________ has the lowest Q.L.I. on Table 12-1, Wealth and Well-Being in Global Perspective.

A) Pakistan
B) Kenya
C) Bangladesh
D) Democratic Republic of the Congo

Question 5

One of the countries listed below is NOT a high-income nation. Which one is it?

A) Canada
B) South Africa
C) Israel
D) Venezuela

Question 6

Currently, how many nations are there in the world?

A) 57
B) 195
C) 341
D) 2190

Question 7

If you wanted to visit the world's low-income nations, where would you travel?

A) Africa and Asia
B) Latin America
C) Eastern Europe
D) North America

Question 8

For the world as a whole, about how many people suffer from chronic hunger that leaves them less able to work and places them at high risk of disease?

A) almost 1 million
B) almost 10 million
C) almost 100 million
D) almost 900 million

Question 9

The death of 52 garment workers in a Bangladeshi sweatshop shows that

A) the lives of the world's poor are far worse than many people in Canada realize.
B) workers have greater power in poor countries than they do in the United States.
C) workplace regulations are very strict in low-income nations.
D) working conditions are similar across the world.

Question 10

________________ has the highest Q.L.I. on Table 12-1, Wealth and Well-Being in Global Perspective.

A) The United States
B) Canada
C) Japan
D) Norway

Question 11

The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives only about what percentage of all global income?

A) 2 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 15 percent

Question 12

In the world's low- and middle-income nations, what proportion of all children do not receive enough nutrition to be healthy?

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 13

In poor nations, poverty is_____ than in Canada.

A) more likely to involve men
B) more widespread and severe
C) addressed more effectively
D) less serious a problem

Question 14

Macionis writes of his trip to ___________________ and refers to a young girl he saw in "one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the entire world."

A) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
B) Manila, Philippines
C) Phnom Pen, Cambodia
D) Mexico City, Mexico

Question 15

Absolute poverty is

A) most common in large nations such as the United States.
B) the same as relative poverty.
C) life-threatening.
D) found only in low-income nations.

Question 16

Japan, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as

A) low-income countries.
B) middle-income countries.
C) high-income countries.
D) third world countries.

Question 17

High-income nations

A) lie mostly in the southern hemisphere.
B) are frequently the sites of foreign-owned factories and call-centres.
C) contain almost all the world's financial markets.
D) are largely pastoral.

Question 18

Which of the following has the greatest number of countries, at 72?

A) high-income
B) middle-income
C) low-income
D) second world

Question 19

In global perspective, economic productivity is lowest in precisely the regions where

A) population growth is highest.
B) most people live in cities.
C) technology is most advanced.
D) there was once the greatest prosperity.

Question 20

The wealthiest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income?

A) 28 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 77 percent

Question 21

The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which

A) countries gain new colonies to replace older ones.
B) countries rid themselves of former colonies.
C) multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country.
D) companies operate in many countries at one time.

Question 22

Which of the following social theorists is identified with modernization theory?

A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) George Herbert Mead
D) Immanuel Wallerstein

Question 23

Which world region contains the largest share of the world's street children?

A) Asia
B) Latin America
C) Africa
D) Europe

Question 24

According to W.W. Rostow, nations begin at the _____ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _____.

A) drive to technological maturity; takeoff
B) traditional; high mass consumption
C) high mass consumption; takeoff
D) takeoff; drive to technological maturity

Question 25

Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts?

A) chattel slavery
B) child slavery
C) debt bondage
D) servile forms of marriage

Question 26

If you were applying modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might expect rich nations to aid the economic development of poor nations by

A) assisting in population growth.
B) increasing food consumption.
C) increasing industrial production.
D) decreasing industrial production.

Question 27

If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might point to which of the following traits of low-income nations?

A) the use of relatively little advanced technology
B) low levels of population increase
C) cultural approval of innovation
D) the abundant use of advanced technology

Question 28

Because, until a few centuries ago, the entire world was poor, _____________ claims that what requires explanation is affluence.

A) modernization theory
B) dependency theory
C) social control theory
D) post-modernization theory

Question 29

Some critics claim that modernization theory

A) ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations.
B) amounts to an attack on capitalism.
C) treats rich and poor societies as linked.
D) doesn't consider the ease with which globally weak nations achieve modernization.

Question 30

Estimates are that at least ________________ children living in cities in poor countries beg, steal, sell sex, or work for drug gangs to provide income for their families.

A) 1 million
B) 10 million
C) 100 million
D) 1 billion

Question 31

According to Anti-Slavery International, about how many men, women, and children live today in conditions that amount to slavery?

A) 20 000
B) 200 000
C) 20 million
D) 2 billion

Question 32

Modernization theory identifies which of the following as the greatest barrier to economic development?

A) technology
B) multinational corporations
C) capitalism
D) tradition

Question 33

The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which

A) rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries.
B) some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others.
C) poor nations shake off control by other nations.
D) immigration helps to spark economic development.

Question 34

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) With the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in high-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century.
B) With the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in middle-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century.
C) With the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in low-income countries jumped fourfold during the twentieth century.
D) With the Industrial Revolution, the standard of living in all countries remained the same as it had previously.

Question 35

Of the roughly one billion people in the world who are living in absolute poverty, what share are women?

A) 20 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 36

Modernization theory claims that

A) poor nations can never become rich in today's world.
B) the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology.
C) the main causes of poverty involve multinational corporations.
D) most poor nations were richer in the past.

Question 37

The typical adult in a rich nation like Canada consumes about _____ calories per day.

A) 1000
B) 1250
C) 2000
D) 3750

Question 38

In poor countries, the disadvantages women face relative to men are

A) about the same as in rich nations.
B) smaller than in rich nations.
C) greater than in rich nations.
D) nonexistent; in poor countries, women and men have the same social standing.

Question 39

What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations?

A) colonialism
B) corporate slavery
C) neocolonialism
D) international bondage

Question 40

Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?

A) chattel slavery
B) child slavery
C) debt bondage
D) servile forms of marriage

Question 41

According to dependency theory, poor countries have become dependent on rich nations because

A) they sell raw materials to rich nations.
B) rich countries bring tourism dollars.
C) rich nations buy their manufactured goods.
D) the professionals of poor countries move to rich countries instead of staying local.

Question 42

Taken together, the sociological approaches to global poverty show us that poverty is

A) largely because some nations don't work as hard as others.
B) not a result of political circumstance.
C) a problem that threatens world peace.
D) becoming a bigger problem in developed nations than in underdeveloped ones.

Question 43

The global region that has made the greatest strides out of poverty is

A) Asia.
B) Africa.
C) Latin America.
D) Australia.

Question 44

What is Wallerstein's term for the middle-income countries of the world?

A) core
B) semiperiphery
C) periphery
D) outsider nations

Question 45

A social theorist who contributed to the development of dependency theory by tracing the growth of the capitalist world economy is

A) Max Weber.
B) Emile Durkheim.
C) W.W. Rostow.
D) Immanuel Wallerstein.

Question 46

Most Canadian aid to low-income countries is distributed through the

A) U.N.
B) I.M.F.
C) World Bank.
D) CIDA.

Question 47

One criticism of dependency theory is

A) that it lacks a historical focus.
B) that it has little to say about the role of rich countries.
C) that it blames poor countries for their own poverty.
D) that it offers only vague solutions to global poverty.

Question 48

Over the course of the last century, the extent of global economic inequality has

A) decreased sharply.
B) stayed about the same.
C) increased.
D) become smaller, but not by much.

Question 49

Which theoretical approach claims that rich nations of the world are "overdeveloped" while poor nations are "underdeveloped"?

A) modernization theory
B) dependency theory
C) both modernization theory and dependency theory
D) neither modernization theory nor dependency theory

Question 50

While modernization theory focuses on _____, dependency theory focuses on _____.

A) poor nations; rich nations
B) the future; the past
C) production of wealth; distribution of wealth
D) ownership of property; means of production

Question 51

Wallerstein pointed to several factors that cause dependency among low-income nations. Which of the following is a factor that Wallerstein did NOT consider to be a cause of dependency?

A) narrow, export-oriented economies
B) lack of integration into the world economy
C) lack of industrial capacity
D) foreign debt

Question 52

André Gunder Frank states that poor nations

A) are responsible for their own poverty.
B) were "underdeveloped," or made poor, by rich nations.
C) suffer from traditional culture.
D) need to gain more productive technology.

Question 53

With regard to the role of rich nations, dependency theory

A) agrees with modernization theory.
B) urges rich nations to invest in poor countries.
C) claims rich nations are to blame for global poverty.
D) claims rich nations prevent poor countries from "growing for export."

Question 54

Each of the world's richest three individuals has personal wealth equal to the total economic output of more than 100 of the world's poorest countries.

Question 55

Even people with income at our country's poverty line live better than a majority of the world's people.

Question 56

Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by

A) making poor nations responsible for their own fate.
B) supporting capitalism as a path to development.
C) explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries.
D) claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.

Question 57

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the "core" of the world economy?

A) high-income nations
B) middle-income nations
C) low-income nations
D) all nations form the "core"

Question 58

There is less income inequality between nations than there is within Canada.

Question 59

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) The world's relative poverty is increasing.
B) The world's relative poverty is decreasing.
C) The world's relative poverty is much the same as it was 100 years ago.
D) The world's relative poverty cannot be accurately measured.

Question 60

In past centuries, European nations colonized

A) Liberia.
B) Africa.
C) Japan.
D) Iran.

Question 61

Globally, middle-income countries have an "average" standard of living by North American standards.

Question 62

The former Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe are low-income countries.

Question 63

High-income countries are found on five different continents.

Question 64

Although Africa is a poor region of the world, people live almost as long as in the United States.

Question 65

Some forms of marriage in the world amount to slavery.

Question 66

Japan and Australia are examples of middle-income nations.

Question 67

Global wealth is more unequally distributed than global income.

Question 68

The richest 20 percent of the world's people receive less than 50 percent of the world's income.

Question 69

In low-income nations, most people live in villages and small towns where farming is the most common way to make a living.

Question 70

The poorest fifth of the world's people live on just 2 percent of the world's income.

Question 71

In low-income nations, inequality between men and women is greater than it is in high-income countries.

Question 72

Although poverty continues, the world has ended the practice of slavery.

Question 73

The text defines middle-income nations as having per capita income between $2500 and $12 500 per year.

Question 74

Low-income countries are home to more than half of the world's people.

Question 75

Compared to poverty in Canada, poverty in the world as a whole is both more widespread and more severe.

Question 76

In poor countries, about two-tirds of the people live in or near cities.

Question 77

Typically, people in low-income countries do more physical labour yet consume fewer calories than people in rich nations.

Question 78

The world region with the greatest number of poor "street children" is Latin America.

Question 79

A recent United Nations report shows that, in general, high-income nations have a higher quality of life than low-income nations.

Question 80

In low-income nations, population growth is generally very high.