Deck 13: Gender Stratification

Question 1

The belief that one sex is innately superior to the other is known as

A) patriarchy.
B) matriarchy.
C) gender stratification.
D) sexism.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Based on the map and discussion in the text, where would you go to find societies in which women's social power is lowest compared to that of men?

A) Europe
B) North America
C) Africa
D) South America

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males?

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) monarchy
D) oligarchy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that

A) all societies define masculinity in much the same way.
B) all societies define femininity in much the same way.
C) some societies recognize gender differences; some do not.
D) what is feminine to one society may be masculine to another.

Question 5

Which of the following characteristics is typical of the kibbutzim?

A) Differential workloads are assigned for men and women.
B) Sex domination favours women over men.
C) Gender is irrelevant to much of everyday life.
D) Boys and girls are raised with their families.

Question 6

On average, young men show greater ____ ability than young women; young women show greater _____ ability than young men.

A) intellectual; sensory
B) mathematical; verbal
C) verbal; mathematical
D) sensory; intellectual

Question 7

The personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male are called

A) orientation.
B) title.
C) sex.
D) gender.

Question 8

In his global study of gender, George Murdock found

A) no agreement as to feminine and masculine tasks.
B) men were more likely to be engaged in farming than women.
C) many tasks were considered masculine by some societies and feminine by others.
D) household chores typically fell to women.

Question 9

The Persons Case was taken to Canada's Supreme Court by the Famous Five in order to have women recognized as "persons" so that they could

A) vote.
B) join the military.
C) go to university.
D) be eligible for appointment to the Senate.

Question 10

Which concept refers to attitudes and activities that a society links to people of each sex?

A) primary sex characteristics
B) sexual orientation
C) gender roles
D) secondary sex characteristics

Question 11

The concept of gender refers to

A) the degree of inequality between men and women in a society.
B) the secondary sex characteristics of individuals.
C) the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.
D) patterns of sexual orientation.

Question 12

The point of describing gender in the Israeli kibbutzim is to show that

A) gender is rooted in biology.
B) women can dominate men.
C) cultures define gender in different ways.
D) boys and girls must be raised by their biological parents.

Question 13

Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) monarchy
D) oligarchy

Question 14

Which province was the last to grant women the right to vote in 1940?

A) Ontario
B) Manitoba
C) Quebec
D) B.C.

Question 15

Who originally asked the Supreme Court to recognize women as "persons"?

A) the Sassy Seven
B) the Famous Five
C) the Infamous Four
D) the Valiant Six

Question 16

Comparing the performances of female and male athletes over time shows

A) little or no change in female-male differences in performance.
B) male performances are improving faster than female performances.
C) women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.
D) No comparison of athletes has ever been made in a systematic way.

Question 17

Which anthropologist is noted in the text as carrying out groundbreaking research on gender?

A) Emile Durkheim
B) Beverley McLachlin
C) Margaret Mead
D) Anna Porter

Question 18

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women is called

A) sexism.
B) gender equality.
C) gender stratification.
D) gender bias.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Men and women differ physically in some limited ways.
B) Overall, men are physically superior to women.
C) Overall, women are physically superior to men.
D) There are no physical differences between men and women.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is corrects about the average lifespan of men and women?

A) On average, men outlive women by about one year.
B) On average, women outlive men by about one year.
C) On average, men outlive women by about five years.
D) On average, women outlive men by about five years.

Question 21

Which of the following job categories has mostly women as workers?

A) physicians
B) corporate managers
C) college professors
D) elementary school teachers

Question 22

Which of the following helps explain the rising share of women in the paid labour force during the last century?

A) the increase in the number of people working on farms
B) a high divorce rate
C) the increasing size of Canadian families
D) the fact that working women earn more than working men

Question 23

What percentage of Canadian degrees, diplomas, and certificates did women receive between 1999 and 2003?

A) 58%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 72%

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true about gender and schooling in Canada?

A) A generation ago school texts portrayed versatile characters who were invariably male.
B) Gender stereotyping is less common in contemporary school tests.
C) In university, the gender typing ends with males and females taking similar majors.
D) Gender studies courses attract more women than men.

Question 25

Which of the following is a characteristic of gender division in advertising?

A) Voice-overs are typically female.
B) Women predominate in ads for cars and alcoholic beverages.
C) Men predominate in ads for new appliances.
D) Women predominate in ads for cleaning products.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is a correct reason to see women as a minority in Canada?

A) At every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do.
B) Almost all women see themselves as a minority.
C) In Canada, men outnumber women.
D) Women are not equally represented in any level of government.

Question 27

Currently in Canada, the largest proportion of women politicians is found in

A) municipal politics.
B) provincial politics.
C) federal politics.
D) international politics.

Question 28

"Pink-collar" work refers to what type of jobs?

A) clerical
B) professional
C) housework
D) medical

Question 29

In today's Canadian work force,

A) men and women have the same types of jobs.
B) women and men receive the same pay.
C) women are concentrated in several categories of jobs.
D) a majority of working women hold "pink collar" jobs.

Question 30

Where would you look in Canadian schools to find courses in which men outnumber women?

A) the fine arts
B) the sciences
C) the social sciences
D) any and all subjects

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an occupation commonly dominated by women?

A) registered nurse
B) administrative assistant
C) middle manager
D) early childhood educator

Question 32

In Canada, women in the labour force working full-time earned _____ as much as men working full-time.

A) 97 percent
B) 87 percent
C) 71 percent
D) 57 percent

Question 33

Drawing on Janet Lever's observations of children at play, which of the following would you conclude to be true?

A) Gender has little effect on young children.
B) Girls spend much more time at play than boys do.
C) Boys favour games with clear winners and losers.
D) Boys favour games that develop communication and co-operation.

Question 34

The concept "glass ceiling" refers to

A) the barrier that prevents women from reaching the top.
B) the fact that women's dreams are easily broken.
C) the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do.
D) the phenomenon where women are seen performing domestic chores in advertising.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT one of the six explanations put forth for women in Canada earning 71 cents on the male dollar?

A) Women choose occupations that are poorly paid.
B) Women take time out from their jobs to have children.
C) Women are less likely to be promoted.
D) Women have less post-secondary education that men.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a skill commonly associated with female peer groups of school-age children?

A) communication
B) co-operation
C) aggression
D) nurturing

Question 37

The housework that women do after returning from the workplace is referred to by sociologists as

A) shared responsibility.
B) a cultural liability.
C) second shift.
D) women's "lot."

Question 38

Intersection theory explains that which of the following is a source of social disadvantage?

A) gender
B) political affiliation
C) religion
D) occupation.

Question 39

Which sociologist suggested that infants are ushered into the "pink world" of girls or the "blue world" of boys?

A) Janet Lever
B) Carol Gilligan
C) Jessie Bernard
D) Dorothy Smith

Question 40

Until 1929, in Canada,

A) women could vote in federal elections.
B) women could not sit in the House of Commons.
C) women could not sit in the Senate.
D) women could not do anything that had to do with politics.

Question 41

What would a social researcher conclude about the status of women as a minority?

A) Women are a minority because patriarchy makes women dependent for much of their social standing on men.
B) Women are a minority because they see themselves as a minority.
C) Women as a whole are not a minority because gender does not match the importance of racial or cultural differences.
D) Women in Canada are not a minority because discrimination against them is marginal.

Question 42

Talcott Parsons described gender in terms of

A) power differences.
B) complementarity.
C) violence.
D) the sexual objectification of women.

Question 43

Which of the following statements about pornography is FALSE?

A) Pornography is unrelated to sexual violence.
B) Pornography constitutes a multi-million dollar a year industry.
C) Pornography is a moral issue.
D) Pornography is a power issue.

Question 44

When did feminism as a social movement in Canada begin?

A) in the mid-1700s
B) in the mid-1800s
C) in the mid- 1900s
D) in 1918

Question 45

What is TRUE about sexual harassment?

A) It happens to men and women.
B) It has had little impact on the workplace.
C) It is always blatant and direct.
D) It never happens to men.

Question 46

Which type of feminism seeks to end patriarchy by eliminating the idea of gender itself?

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) radical feminism
D) guerilla feminism

Question 47

Who was Canada's first female Governor-General?

A) Adrienne Clarkson
B) Kim Campbell
C) Jeanne Sauvé
D) Cairine Wilson

Question 48

In 1993, _____________ became Canada's first, and only thus far, female Prime Minister.

A) Kim Campbell
B) Alexa McDonough
C) Audrey McLaughlin
D) Jessie Bernard

Question 49

Which of the following does the social-conflict perspective believe to be true?

A) Gender involves similarity in power, but difference in behaviour.
B) In hunting and gathering times, the activities of men were more important than the activities of women.
C) A productive surplus led to a concern by men to control the behaviour of women.
D) According to Engels, capitalism reduces male domination.

Question 50

Engels claimed that men's desire to control their property brought about

A) educational reform.
B) widespread use of birth control.
C) monogamous marriage.
D) the rise of industry.

Question 51

Sexual harassment became an issue in Canada in

A) the 1990s.
B) the 1960s.
C) the 1890s.
D) the 1780s.

Question 52

In 1989, which of Canada's major federal political parties became the first to elect a woman leader?

A) Conservative
B) Liberal
C) NDP
D) Reform Party

Question 53

What is the term for comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome?

A) discrimination
B) sexual harassment
C) acquaintance assault
D) sexual innuendo

Question 54

Which of the following do feminists NOT support?

A) ending gender stratification
B) ending sexual violence
C) weakening the importance of gender in people's lives
D) limiting sexual freedom

Question 55

Friedrich Engels claimed that capitalism

A) reduced all forms of inequality.
B) reduced patriarchy.
C) had little effect on patriarchy.
D) increased patriarchy.

Question 56

Which type of feminism accepts the basic organization of Canadian society, but seeks to give women the same rights and opportunities as men?

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) radical feminism
D) guerilla feminism

Question 57

If you could end violence against women in one setting, which of the following would reduce this type of violence the most?

A) the workplace
B) the home
C) public places
D) college campuses

Question 58

Talcott Parsons explained that males tend toward _____ behaviour, while females are more _____.

A) instrumental; expressive
B) expressive; instrumental
C) egalitarian; hierarchical
D) rational; emotional

Question 59

Which type of feminism links the social disadvantages of women to the capitalist economic system?

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) radical feminism
D) guerilla feminism

Question 60

Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages

A) men to take control of the workplace.
B) growing gender equality.
C) women to have more children.
D) growing gender inequality.

Question 61

In Canada, on average, males live longer than females.

Question 62

Research shows that young males have less mathematical ability but greater verbal ability than young females.

Question 63

Gender affects the opportunities and constraints each of us encounters throughout our lives.

Question 64

In global perspective, the region in which women have the least social power is North America.

Question 65

Gender refers simply to whether people are female or male.

Question 66

Looking back over Canadian history, we see a general trend by which women

A) have gained opportunities and power.
B) have made little movement toward equality with men.
C) are steadily losing ground and becoming less equal to men.
D) have retained their position of dominance over men.

Question 67

None of the Famous Five was made a senator.

Question 68

In athletics, the performance gap between male and female athletes is increasing.

Question 69

Margaret Mead argued that gender was mostly a matter of biology rather than culture.

Question 70

Opposition to feminism is

A) expressed by a majority of people in the United States.
B) directed mostly at socialist and radical feminism.
C) now just about gone in the United States.
D) increasing over time.

Question 71

George Murdock found that, in the case of most tasks, what one society considers "masculine" another may consider "feminine."

Question 72

Sexism is the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Question 73

Evidence from the Israeli kibbutzim suggests that cultures have the ability to define what is masculine and feminine in various ways.

Question 74

Women's hockey in Canada

A) was played at the turn of the 20th century.
B) had a team in the 1930s that possessed a win-loss record of 348 to 2.
C) won a gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics.
D) requires less skill than men's hockey.

Question 75

Patriarchy provides advantages, but not disadvantages, to males.

Question 76

In her famous study, Margaret Mead investigated gender in three African societies.

Question 77

Which branch of feminism rejects all statements of claim made by other branches of feminism?

A) Marxist
B) inclusive
C) postmodernist
D) radical

Question 78

Like race or social class, gender is a major dimension of social stratification.

Question 79

Since very few societies have existed without patriarchy, we must conclude that it is inevitable.

Question 80

On average, males are both taller and heavier than females.