Deck 4: Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Question 1

Sociologists use "status" to mean someone's importance.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Typically, each status is linked to several roles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

"Role conflict" refers to the conflict or incompatibility among the roles linked to two or more statuses.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Only a few statuses that we hold figure into our social identity.

Question 5

A "role set" refers to all the roles a person has over the course of a lifetime.

Question 6

"Role strain" refers to differences between the same roles when performed by two different people.

Question 7

A person's racial or ethnic identity is an ascribed status.

Question 8

The process by which people disengage from important social roles is termed "role exit."

Question 9

Having "street smarts" really amounts to the ability to make daily events unfold in the way that you want them to.

Question 10

A father who wants to be both a friend and a role model to his son might experience role strain.

Question 11

The Thomas theorem states that situations that are defined as real become real due to their consequences.

Question 12

Social structure, including status and role, provides a guide for everyday living.

Question 13

A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.

Question 14

Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status.

Question 15

People usually have more statuses than roles.

Question 16

People create reality through their social interaction.

Question 17

The term "master status" refers to being the best in one's occupational field.

Question 18

Having a terminal illness may operate as a master status because people can react to the disease as much as they do to the person.

Question 19

The global map in thisCHAPTER of the text shows that, in general, when a nation's income level is low, the share of housework for women increases.

Question 20

The idea that reality is socially constructed means that, to most people, nothing seems real at all.

Question 21

Employers rarely concern themselves with the emotions of employees.

Question 22

Nonverbal communication is communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions instead of speech.

Question 23

Because men typically have more power in daily interactions than women, they are more likely to intrude on the personal space of women.

Question 24

Emotions have both a biological and cultural foundation.

Question 25

In general, how much power someone possesses has little to do with that person's claims regarding personal space.

Question 26

Social media, based on computer technology, easily link large numbers of people who may not be in the same physical space.

Question 27

Dramaturgical analysis treats embarrassment as "losing face."

Question 28

A person's effort to foster certain impressions in the minds of others is called the "presentation of self."

Question 29

Tact is common because embarrassment causes discomfort for both the presenter and members of the audience.

Question 30

In everyday conversation, men tend to maintain more eye contact than women.

Question 31

The reality people build in their interaction depends only on the actors themselves, not on the larger culture in which they live.

Question 32

The concept social media refers to technology that links people in social activity.

Question 33

Ethnomethodology is the study of how people present themselves to others.

Question 34

Because emotions are biologically based, it is incorrect to say they are "socially constructed."

Question 35

Erving Goffman is the sociologist who developed the approach known as dramaturgical analysis.

Question 36

In dramaturgical analysis, an examination room in a doctor's office is called a "back region."

Question 37

People with less power typically have greater personal discretion in terms of how they act in the presence of others.

Question 38

People around the world create the same realities in their everyday interactions.

Question 39

According to dramaturgical analysis, a role operates like a part in a play and a status serves as a script.

Question 40

There are specific gestures that indicate when a person is lying or otherwise engaging in deception.

Question 41

Which concept refers to a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a significant measure of personal ability and effort?

A) active role
B) master status
C) ascribed status
D) achieved status

Question 42

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called

A) social connectedness.
B) social construction.
C) social dynamics.
D) social interaction.

Question 43

A role set refers to

A) all the roles found in a society.
B) a number of roles attached to a single status.
C) all the roles that are similar in function.
D) a number of roles within any particular organization.

Question 44

Which of the following concepts defines a social position that a person holds?

A) role
B) status
C) role set
D) presentation of self

Question 45

Sociologists use what concept to refer to behavior that people expect from someone who holds a particular status?

A) role
B) master status
C) status set
D) role set

Question 46

Shawna is an excellent artist, but as a mother, she feels that she cannot work and devote enough time to her family.She is experiencing

A) role conflict.
B) role strain.
C) role ambiguity.
D) role exit.

Question 47

What is the concept that refers to the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?

A) role conflict
B) role strain
C) role set
D) role exit

Question 48

Julie is a police officer who finds that wherever she goes in her small town, people seem to think of her as a "cop." Julie is experiencing the effects of

A) role exit.
B) master status.
C) ascribed status.
D) status conflict.

Question 49

Akbar is an honors student.In sociological terms, being an honors student is an example of

A) role conflict.
B) master status.
C) ascribed status.
D) achieved status.

Question 50

Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status?

A) role conflict
B) role strain
C) role ambiguity
D) role exit

Question 51

Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life?

A) social status
B) master status
C) ascribed status
D) achieved status

Question 52

Ending words with "ette" and "ess" denotes femininity, which generally reduces the value of something.

Question 53

Despite the fact that the world's people live in different cultures, humor "travels well" because it is a universal element of human culture.

Question 54

Racial and ethnic conflict is a chief motive for humor around the world.

Question 55

At any given time you occupy a number of statuses.These statuses make up your

A) master status.
B) role set.
C) achieved statuses.
D) status set.

Question 56

The less incongruity that people perceive between conventional and unconventional social definitions of reality, the greater the potential for humor.

Question 57

What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life?

A) passive role
B) master status
C) ascribed status
D) achieved status

Question 58

Which item in the following list might serve as an achieved status?

A) occupation
B) physical or mental disability
C) gender
D) race

Question 59

Harold and Sybil are lost while driving to some friends' house.Harold will not stop to ask for directions as Sybil wants him to.This story illustrates the pattern that

A) social interaction is actually mostly random.
B) men and women may have disagreements about who should drive.
C) men avoid asking for directions because they want to keep a sense of control.
D) men are more interested in connectedness than women are.

Question 60

People sometimes use jokes to "put down" others, which is a basic form of social conflict.

Question 61

Garfinkel's research, an approach called ethnomethodology, involves

A) studying the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings.
B) tracking people's roles over the life course.
C) the study of interaction in terms of theatrical performance.
D) studying unfamiliar cultural systems.

Question 62

What does the term "presentation of self" mean?

A) efforts to create impressions in the minds of others
B) being very self-conscious
C) interaction that is highly formal
D) trying to take attention away from others

Question 63

A ______ might be a prop in the classroom performance of a professor.

A) backpack
B) lectern
C) cell phone
D) confident tone of voice

Question 64

Which concept is involved when a plant supervisor wants to be a good friend and confidant to the workers, but must remain distant in order to rate the workers' performances?

A) role conflict
B) role strain
C) role ambiguity
D) role exit

Question 65

Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Harold Garfinkel
C) Erving Goffman
D) W. I. Thomas

Question 66

Twitter and Facebook are examples of

A) social media.
B) dramaturgical analysis.
C) the Thomas theorem.
D) face-to-face social interaction.

Question 67

Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life is a common experience for those who are undergoing

A) role conflict.
B) role strain.
C) role ambiguity.
D) role exit.

Question 68

Research suggests that

A) men "read" women better than women "read" men.
B) women "read" men better than men "read" women.
C) neither sex is any better at "reading" the other.
D) both sexes can "read" behavior of own sex better than the other sex.

Question 69

Nonverbal communication refers to

A) body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.
B) instant messaging and other e-communication.
C) written language.
D) beliefs assumed to be True by everyone.

Question 70

Which concept is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician?

A) role conflict
B) role strain
C) role ambiguity
D) role exit

Question 71

Flirting is a playful way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking outright rejection.From this point of view, flirting illustrates

A) the Thomas theorem.
B) the process of role exit.
C) the social construction of reality.
D) street smarts.

Question 72

According to Erving Goffman, we engage in a _____ when we use costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey information to others.

A) role
B) performance
C) status
D) self

Question 73

What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?

A) role rejection
B) role reversal
C) role loss
D) role exit

Question 74

The reality we construct through social interaction is likely influenced by our

A) social class background.
B) soft reality.
C) hard reality.
D) spirituality.

Question 75

The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as

A) ethnomethodology.
B) dramaturgical analysis.
C) the Thomas theorem.
D) the social construction of reality.

Question 76

Which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality as they interact?

A) status interaction
B) social construction of reality
C) interactive reality
D) role reality

Question 77

The power relationship between a physician and patient is immediately evident when the patient enters the doctor's office because

A) it is up to patients to decide when they will see the doctor.
B) the physician is there to greet the patient.
C) patients must wait until a "gatekeeper" admits them to see the doctor in the office's "back region."
D) patients generally address physicians by their first names.

Question 78

The Thomas theorem states that

A) a role is as a role does.
B) people rise to their level of incompetence.
C) situations defined as real are real in their consequences.
D) people know the world only through their language.

Question 79

An important element of nonverbal communication is

A) tone of voice.
B) the back region.
C) body language.
D) idealization.

Question 80

The careful observer can notice clues indicating that someone is telling a lie.People give off these clues because

A) our culture defines specific gestures to convey dishonesty.
B) nonverbal communication is hard for most people to control.
C) few people ever intend to lie.
D) research shows that most criminals really want to be caught.