Deck 10: Gender Stratification

Question 1

In the United States, on average, males live longer than females.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Traditional conceptions paint masculine and feminine in opposing terms.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Today in the United States, only about 10 percent of women with young children work for income.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Margaret Mead argued that gender was mostly a matter of biology rather than culture.

Question 5

Gender refers simply to whether people are female or male.

Question 6

Research shows that young males have less mathematical ability, but greater verbal ability than young females.

Question 7

Patriarchy provides advantages, but not disadvantages, to males.

Question 8

On average, human males are both taller and heavier than human females.

Question 9

In athletics, the performance gap between male and female athletes is increasing.

Question 10

The beauty myth is the idea that beauty is the key to success in a career.

Question 11

Sexism is the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Question 12

Since very few societies have existed without patriarchy, we must conclude that patriarchy is inevitable.

Question 13

Evidence from the Israeli kibbutzim suggests that cultures have the ability to define what is masculine and feminine in various ways.

Question 14

George Murdock found that, in the case of many tasks, what one society considers "masculine" another may consider "feminine."

Question 15

In her famous study, Margaret Mead investigated gender in three African societies.

Question 16

Most sociological research suggests that gender is socially constructed and is therefore subject to change.

Question 17

In a global perspective, the region where women have the least social power in relation to men is North America.

Question 18

Like race or social class, gender is a major dimension of social stratification.

Question 19

Gender affects the opportunities and constraints each of us encounter throughout our lives.

Question 20

While playing in peer groups, girls are less likely to play the "win-lose" games favored by boys.

Question 21

One criticism of pornography is that it portrays women as weak and undeserving of respect.

Question 22

In 2011, U.S.women earned 77 cents for every one dollar earned by men.

Question 23

Minority women are more economically disadvantaged than white women.

Question 24

Corporate women still encounter a "glass ceiling" that prevents them from being promoted to high levels in the company.

Question 25

Talcott Parsons described gender in terms of power relationships.

Question 26

In general, western states have a higher percentage of legislators who are women than southern states.

Question 27

In the United States today, about two-thirds of physicians are women.

Question 28

In the United States, most police officers, engineers, judges, and college presidents are men.

Question 29

In the United States, administrative support jobs and service jobs have a high concentration of women.

Question 30

Employed married women do less housework than employed married men.

Question 31

TheCHAPTER argues that gender is not just a matter of difference in behavior, but also of differences in

A) power, wealth, and privileges.
B) power only.
C) wealth only.
D) privileges only.

Question 32

A social-conflict account of the history of gender stratification was developed by Friedrich Engels.

Question 33

In the United States today, women working for income is the rule rather than the exception.

Question 34

In 2013, women were a majority of people serving in Congress.

Question 35

Liberal feminism seeks the elimination of gender itself.

Question 36

The first women to serve in the U.S.military did so during World War II.

Question 37

The concept of gender refers to

A) the degree of inequality between men and women in a society.
B) the secondary sex characteristics of individuals.
C) the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.
D) patterns of sexual orientation.

Question 38

In the teaching profession, the share of teachers who are women increases as the grade level taught increases.

Question 39

In the United States, a majority of bachelor's degrees are earned by men.

Question 40

In the United States, women gained the right to vote in 1820.

Question 41

The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that

A) women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance.
B) beautiful women can dominate men.
C) women prefer men who are physically attractive.
D) women today are as physically attractive as today's men are.

Question 42

Comparing the performances of female and male athletes over time shows

A) little or no change in female-male differences in performance.
B) male performances are improving faster than female performances.
C) women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.
D) women now outperform men in most athletic events.

Question 43

Men and women

A) differ physically in some limited ways.
B) are different in that men are physically superior to women.
C) are different in that women are physically superior to men.
D) are physically equal.

Question 44

The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to

A) the barrier that prevents women from reaching the top.
B) the fact that women's dreams are easily broken.
C) the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do.
D) the barrier that keeps women in service work.

Question 45

Approximately what percentage of U.S.women are working for income today?

A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 46

Throughout the life course, gender shapes

A) human feelings only.
B) human thoughts only.
C) human actions only.
D) human feelings, thoughts, and actions.

Question 47

According to Janet Lever's observations of children at play,

A) gender has little effect on young children.
B) girls spend much more time at play than boys do.
C) boys favor games with clear winners and losers.
D) boys favor games that encourage communication and cooperation.

Question 48

The point of describing gender in the Israeli kibbutzim is to show that

A) gender is rooted in biology.
B) women can dominate men.
C) cultures define gender in different ways.
D) boys and girls must be raised by biological parents.

Question 49

In his global study of how societies view gender, George Murdock found

A) little agreement as to feminine and masculine tasks.
B) more men than women were likely to be engaged in farming.
C) more women than men were likely to be engaged in farming.
D) many tasks that were considered masculine by some societies were viewed as feminine by others.

Question 50

Which concept refers to attitudes and activities that a society links to people of each sex?

A) primary sex characteristics
B) sexual orientation
C) gender roles
D) secondary sex characteristics

Question 51

On average, young men show greater ____ ability than young women young women show greater _____ ability than young men.

A) intellectual sensory
B) mathematical verbal
C) verbal mathematical
D) sensory intellectual

Question 52

_______ refers to social organization in which males dominate females.

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) monarchy
D) oligarchy

Question 53

A majority of U.S.women in which of the following categories enter the labor force?

A) married women with no children
B) single women with no children
C) divorced women with no children
D) married, single, and divorced women with children.

Question 54

On average, do women or men live longer?

A) On average, men outlive women by about one year.
B) On average, women outlive men by about one year.
C) On average, men outlive women by about five years.
D) On average, women outlive men by about five years.

Question 55

In today's U.S.work force,

A) men and women have the same types of jobs.
B) women and men receive the same pay.
C) women are concentrated in several categories of jobs.
D) a majority of working women hold "pink collar" jobs.

Question 56

Today, women represent ______ of all students on college campuses across the United States.

A) 37 percent
B) 57 percent
C) 77 percent
D) 97 percent

Question 57

Based on the map and discussion in the text, in which continent do women have the lowest social standing?

A) Europe
B) North America
C) Africa
D) South America

Question 58

Which factor has helped increase the share of women in the paid labor force over the course of the last century?

A) the increase in the number of people working on farms
B) a rising divorce rate
C) the increasing size of U.S. families
D) the fact that working women earn more than working men

Question 59

Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that

A) all societies define masculinity in much the same way.
B) all societies define femininity in much the same way.
C) patterns involving gender are rooted in biology.
D) traits that are defined as feminine in one society may be masculine in another.

Question 60

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males?

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) monarchy
D) oligarchy

Question 61

Sexual harassment became an issue in the United States in

A) the 1990s.
B) the 1960s.
C) the 1890s.
D) the 1780s.

Question 62

Women have served in the U.S.armed forces

A) since World War II.
B) since the Vietnam War.
C) since the Persian Gulf War.
D) since colonial times.

Question 63

Women earn what share of all associate's and bachelor's degrees in the United States?

A) 39 percent
B) 49 percent
C) 59 percent
D) 69 percent

Question 64

The concept of "comparable worth" means that

A) women should hold political offices in proportion to their numbers in the population.
B) people should be paid according to the level of skill and responsibility involved in the work.
C) the market system should determine the pay for any job.
D) all jobs should be rewarded equally.

Question 65

The factor which accounts for the greatest share of the difference in the earnings of working women and men in the United States is

A) differences in education.
B) differences in family responsibilities.
C) gender discrimination in the workplace.
D) the type of work men and women do.

Question 66

The category of the U.S.population in which women do most of the housework is

A) unemployed people.
B) unmarried people.
C) people with no children.
D) employed, married, people who have children.

Question 67

At every class level

A) women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do.
B) women and men have equal amounts of income, wealth, education, and power.
C) men outnumber women.
D) women see themselves as a minority.

Question 68

In which job categories are the workers mostly women?

A) physicians
B) corporate managers
C) college professors
D) elementary school teachers

Question 69

Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages

A) men to take control of the workplace.
B) growing gender equality.
C) women to have more children.
D) a breakdown of social stability.

Question 70

According to recent research, approximately what share of our country's 400 richest people are women?

A) 71 percent
B) 51 percent
C) 31 percent
D) 11 percent

Question 71

When it comes to gender and schooling,

A) boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
B) more girls than boys are placed in special education classes.
C) most disciplinary problems in schools involve girls.
D) disciplinary problems in schools involve boys and girls equally.

Question 72

In what percentage of rapes and attempted rapes on college campuses does the woman know her attacker?

A) 5-10 percent
B) 25-30 percent
C) 65-70 percent
D) 85-90 percent

Question 73

In the United States in 2011, women in the labor force working full time earned _______ to every dollar men earned.

A) 97 cents
B) 87 cents
C) 77 cents
D) 57 cents

Question 74

If you could end violence against women in one setting, doing so in which of setting would reduce this type of violence the most?

A) the workplace
B) the home
C) public places
D) college campuses

Question 75

What is at the heart of the controversy over women's participation in the military?

A) Women score lower than men on military intelligence (IQ) tests.
B) Women cannot operate high-tech equipment as well as men.
C) Women have only recently joined the U.S. armed forces.
D) Women are seen as nurturers rather than people who kill.

Question 76

As of 2011, women held about what share of seats in Congress?

A) 19 percent
B) 39 percent
C) 59 percent
D) 79 percent

Question 77

An important exception to male domination of the U.S.workplace is that

A) women now own more than 8 million entrepreneurial businesses.
B) women hold 80 percent of pink-collar jobs.
C) most college and university faculty are women.
D) a majority of corporate executives are women.

Question 78

Sexual harassment is an important social issue because

A) it actually targets men more often than women.
B) half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention.
C) it almost always involves blatant threats.
D) it almost always leads to violence.

Question 79

Most cases of female genital mutilation occur in

A) Latin America.
B) the United States.
C) Africa.
D) Asia.

Question 80

In which of the following nations does the political power of women come closest to that of men?

A) United States
B) Norway
C) China
D) Cuba