Deck 13: Gender Stratification

Question 1

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Men and women differ physically in some limited ways.
B) Overall, men are physically superior to women.
C) Overall, women are physically superior to men.
D) There are no physical differences between men and women.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The concept of gender refers to:

A) the degree of inequality between men and women in a society.
B) the secondary sex characteristics of individuals.
C) the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.
D) patterns of sexual orientation.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Drawing on Janet Lever's observations of children at play, which of the following would you conclude to be True?

A) Gender has little effect on young children.
B) Girls spend much more time at play than boys do.
C) Boys favor games with clear winners and losers.
D) Boys favor games that develop communication and cooperation.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

On average, young men show greater ____ ability than young women young women show greater _____ ability than young men.

A) intellectual sensory
B) mathematical verbal
C) verbal mathematical
D) sensory intellectual

Question 5

Throughout the life course, gender shapes:

A) human feelings.
B) human thoughts.
C) human actions.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 6

In his global study of gender, George Murdock found:

A) some agreement as to feminine and masculine tasks.
B) men and women were equally likely to be engaged in farming.
C) many tasks were considered masculine by some societies and feminine by others.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 7

Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that:

A) all societies define masculinity in much the same way.
B) all societies define femininity in much the same way.
C) some societies recognize gender differences some do not.
D) what is feminine to one society may be masculine to another.

Question 8

The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that:

A) women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance.
B) beautiful women can dominate men.
C) women prefer men who are physically attractive.
D) women today are as physically attractive as today's men are.

Question 9

On average, do women or men live longer?

A) On average, men outlive women by about one year.
B) On average, women outlive men by about one year.
C) On average, men outlive women by about five years.
D) On average, women outlive men by about five years.

Question 10

The chapter argues that gender is a matter of not just difference but also of differences in:

A) power.
B) wealth.
C) privileges.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 11

Which concept refers to attitudes and activities that a society links to people of each sex?

A) primary sex characteristics
B) sexual orientation
C) gender roles
D) secondary sex characteristics

Question 12

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males?

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) monarchy
D) oligarchy

Question 13

What share of today's U.S. women are working for income?

A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 14

The point of describing gender in the Israeli kibbutzim is to show that:

A) gender is rooted in biology.
B) women can dominate men.
C) cultures define gender in different ways.
D) to show that boys and girls must be raised by biological parents.

Question 15

Where would you look in U.S. schools to find courses in which men outnumber women?

A) the fine arts
B) the sciences
C) the social sciences
D) any and all subjects

Question 16

Which of the following helps explain the rising share of women in the paid labor force during the last century?

A) the increase in the number of people working on farms
B) a high divorce rate
C) the increasing size of U.S. families
D) the fact that working women earn more than working men

Question 17

Based on the map and discussion in the text, where would you go to find societies in which women's social power is lowest compared to that of men?

A) Europe
B) North America
C) Africa
D) South America

Question 18

Comparing the performances of female and male athletes over time shows:

A) little or no change in female-male differences in performance.
B) male performances are improving faster than female performances.
C) women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.
D) women now outperform men in most athletic events.

Question 19

A majority of U.S. women in which of the following categories are in the labor force?

A) married women with children
B) single women with children
C) divorced women with children
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?

A) patriarchy
B) matriarchy
C) monarchy
D) oligarchy

Question 21

The chapter's "Seeing Sociology in the News" about men in ballet illustrates:

A) the stereotypical ways we define male gender roles.
B) all male ballet dancers are gay.
C) men really like wearing tights.
D) how easy it is for men to take over a previously female-dominated field.

Question 22

Sexual harassment became an issue in the United States in:

A) the 1990s.
B) the 1960s.
C) the 1890s.
D) the 1780s.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is a correct reason to see women as a minority in the United States?

A) At every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do.
B) Almost all women see themselves as a minority.
C) In the United States, men outnumber women.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 24

Women have served in the U.S. armed forces:

A) since World War II.
B) since the Vietnam War.
C) since the Persian Gulf War.
D) since colonial times.

Question 25

In what percentage of rapes and attempted rapes of college students does the woman know her attacker?

A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 70 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 26

Which of the following is an important exception to male domination of the U.S. workplace?

A) Women now own more than 6 million small businesses.
B) Women hold 80 percent of pink-collar jobs.
C) Most college and university faculty are women.
D) A majority of corporate executives are women.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is at the heart of the controversy over women's participation in the military?

A) Women score lower than men on military intelligence (IQ) tests.
B) Women cannot operate high-tech equipment as well as men.
C) Women have only recently joined the U.S. armed forces.
D) Women are seen as nurturers rather than people who kill.

Question 28

For which of the following categories of the U.S. population is it True that women do most of the housework?

A) employed people
B) married people
C) people with children
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 29

Which of the following job categories has mostly women as workers?

A) physicians
B) corporate managers
C) college professors
D) elementary school teachers

Question 30

If you could end violence against women in one setting, which of the following would reduce this type of violence the most?

A) the workplace
B) the home
C) public places
D) college campuses

Question 31

The concept of "comparable worth" leads to the claim that:

A) women should hold political offices in proportion to their numbers in the population.
B) much of women's work is worth more pay than it receives.
C) the market system should determine the pay for any job.
D) all jobs should be rewarded equally.

Question 32

As of 2008, women held about what share of seats in Congress?

A) 17 percent
B) 36 percent
C) 56 percent
D) 76 percent

Question 33

In which of the following nations does the greatest political power of women come closest to that of men?

A) United States
B) Norway
C) China
D) Cuba

Question 34

The concept "glass ceiling" refers to:

A) the barrier that prevents women from reaching the top.
B) the fact that women's dreams are easily broken.
C) the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do.
D) the barrier that keeps women in service work.

Question 35

In today's U.S. work force:

A) men and women have the same types of jobs.
B) women and men receive the same pay.
C) women are concentrated in several categories of jobs.
D) a majority of working women hold "pink collar" jobs.

Question 36

Recent research reveals that about what share of our country's richest people are women?

A) 91 percent
B) 71 percent
C) 51 percent
D) 10 percent

Question 37

Which factor accounts for the greatest share of the difference in the earnings of working women and men in the United States?

A) differences in education
B) difference in family responsibilities
C) gender discrimination in the workplace
D) the type of work men and women do

Question 38

In the United States in 2009, women in the labor force working full time earned _____ as much as men working full time.

A) 97 percent
B) 87 percent
C) 77 percent
D) 57 percent

Question 39

Women earn what share of all associate's and bachelor's degrees in the United States?

A) 40 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 40

Intersection theory explains that which of the following is a source of social disadvantage?

A) gender
B) race
C) class
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 41

Gender refers simply to whether people are female or male.

Question 42

Engels claimed that men's desire to control their property brought about:

A) educational reform.
B) widespread use of birth control.
C) monogamous marriage.
D) the rise of industry.

Question 43

Gender affects the opportunities and constraints each of us encounters throughout our lives.

Question 44

Which type of feminism seeks to end patriarchy by eliminating the idea of gender itself?

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) radical feminism
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 45

Which type of feminism links the social disadvantages of women to the capitalist economic system?

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) radical feminism
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 46

Which type of feminism accepts the basic organization of U.S. society, but seeks to give women the same rights and opportunities as men?

A) liberal feminism
B) socialist feminism
C) radical feminism
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 47

Feminists support all but one of the following. Which is the one that feminists do not support?

A) ending gender stratification
B) ending sexual violence
C) weakening the importance of gender in people's lives
D) limiting sexual freedom

Question 48

Talcott Parsons described gender in terms of:

A) power differences.
B) complementarity.
C) violence.
D) the sexual objectification of women.

Question 49

On average, males are both taller and heavier than females.

Question 50

Most cases of female genital mutilation occur in which of the following places?

A) Latin America
B) the United States
C) Africa
D) Asia

Question 51

Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages:

A) men to take control of the workplace.
B) growing gender equality.
C) women to have more children.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 52

Like race or social class, gender is a major dimension of social stratification.

Question 53

Research shows that young males have less mathematical ability, but greater verbal ability than young females.

Question 54

Friedrich Engels claimed that capitalism:

A) reduced all forms of inequality.
B) reduced patriarchy.
C) had little affect on patriarchy.
D) increased patriarchy.

Question 55

Opposition to feminism is:

A) expressed by a majority of people in the United States.
B) directed mostly at socialist and radical feminism.
C) now just about gone in the United States.
D) increasing over time.

Question 56

Talcott Parsons explained that males tend toward _____ behavior, while females are more _____.

A) instrumental expressive
B) expressive instrumental
C) egalitarian hierarchical
D) rational emotional

Question 57

In athletics, the performance gap between male and female athletes is increasing.

Question 58

Looking back over U.S. history, we see a general trend by which women:

A) have gained opportunities and power.
B) have made little movement toward equality with men.
C) are steadily losing ground and becoming less equal to men.
D) have retained their position of dominance over men.

Question 59

Sexual harassment is an important social issue because:

A) it actually targets men more often than women.
B) half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention.
C) it almost always involves blatant threats.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 60

When did feminism as a social movement in the United States begin?

A) during the colonial era
B) in the 1840s
C) in the 1940s
D) in the 1980s

Question 61

"In the Times" explains that corporate women still encounter a "glass ceiling" that prevents being promoted to high levels in the company.

Question 62

In the teaching profession, the higher the level of education, the larger the share of teachers who are women.

Question 63

George Murdock found that, in the case of most tasks, what one society considers "masculine" another may consider "feminine."

Question 64

In the United States, working women are concentrated in administrative support jobs and in service jobs.

Question 65

In the United States, most engineers, judges, and college presidents are men.

Question 66

In the United States, on average, males live longer than females.

Question 67

In global perspective, the region in which women have the least social power is North America.

Question 68

Since very few societies have existed without patriarchy, we must conclude that it is inevitable.

Question 69

In the United States today, women working for income is the rule rather than the exception.

Question 70

Today in the United States, a larger share of women than men is in the labor force.

Question 71

Margaret Mead argued that gender was mostly a matter of biology rather than culture.

Question 72

The beauty myth is the idea that beauty helps women to be successful.

Question 73

Most sociological research suggests that gender is socially constructed and is thus subject to change.

Question 74

In the United States today, two-thirds of physicians are women.

Question 75

Sexism is the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Question 76

While playing in peer groups, girls tend to avoid the "win-lose" games favored by boys.

Question 77

In her famous study, Margaret Mead investigated gender in three African societies.

Question 78

Evidence from the Israeli kibbutzim suggests that cultures have the ability to define what is masculine and feminine in various ways.

Question 79

Patriarchy provides advantages, but not disadvantages, to males.

Question 80

Traditional conceptions paint masculine and feminine in opposing terms.