Deck 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Osteoporosis
B) Paget's disease
C) Osteomalacia
Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight bearing.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
Compact bone.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
Location of the epiphyseal line.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
Epiphysis of the bone.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Canaliculi
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Lamellae
E) Endosteum
The lining of the marrow cavity.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Greenstick
B) Spiral
C) Comminuted
An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.

Question 7

Match the following:

A) Greenstick
B) Spiral
C) Comminuted
Bone fragments into many pieces.

Question 8

Match the following:

A) Canaliculi
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Lamellae
E) Endosteum
Layers of bone matrix.

Question 9

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 4.

Question 10

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 7.

Question 11

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 1.

Question 12

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 6.

Question 13

Figure 6.2
Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
Area where yellow marrow is found.

Question 14

Match the following:

A) Canaliculi
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Lamellae
E) Endosteum
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Osteoporosis
B) Paget's disease
C) Osteomalacia
Abnormal bone formation and reabsorption.

Question 16

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 3.

Question 17

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 2.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Osteoporosis
B) Paget's disease
C) Osteomalacia
Bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal.

Question 19

Figure 6.1
Using Figure 6.1, match the following bone types with the numbered structure:
Bone 5.

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Greenstick
B) Spiral
C) Comminuted
Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force.

Question 21

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.

Question 22

Match the following:

A) Appositional growth
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Chondrocytes
Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Appositional growth
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Chondrocytes
The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.

Question 24

Short, irregular, and flat bones have marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.

Question 25

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Coxal bone
B) Vertebrae
C) Femur
D) Occipital bone
Foramen

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Canaliculi
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Lamellae
E) Endosteum
Cells that can build bony matrix.

Question 28

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Appositional growth
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Chondrocytes
The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.

Question 30

Match the following:

A) Canaliculi
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteoclasts
D) Lamellae
E) Endosteum
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Coxal bone
B) Vertebrae
C) Femur
D) Occipital bone
Facet

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Appositional growth
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Chondrocytes
The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Coxal bone
B) Vertebrae
C) Femur
D) Occipital bone
Ramus

Question 34

Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.

Question 35

Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Appositional growth
B) Epiphyseal plate
C) Epiphyseal line
D) Diaphysis
E) Chondrocytes
The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Coxal bone
B) Vertebrae
C) Femur
D) Occipital bone
Ischial spine

Question 38

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) Coxal bone
B) Vertebrae
C) Femur
D) Occipital bone
Trochanter

Question 40

Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.

Question 41

Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.

Question 42

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

A) fat
B) blood-forming cells
C) elastic tissue
D) Sharpey's fibers

Question 43

All bones stop growing by the end of adolescence.

Question 44

The term diploë refers to the ________.

A) double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone
B) fact that most bones are formed of two types of bone tissue
C) internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
D) two types of marrow found within most bones

Question 45

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?

A) lacunae
B) Haversian system
C) epiphyseal plate
D) epiphyseal line

Question 46

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?

A) spongy bone
B) irregular bone
C) compact bone
D) trabecular bone

Question 47

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

A) elastic connective tissue
B) dense fibrous connective tissue
C) fibrocartilage
D) hyaline cartilage

Question 48

An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.

Question 49

Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?

A) parathyroid hormone
B) calcium
C) growth hormone
D) thyroid hormone

Question 50

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

A) osteocyte
B) osteoblast
C) osteoclast
D) chondrocyte

Question 51

What causes osteoporosis?

A) poor posture
B) Osteoclasts out-pace osteoblasts due to low hormone production of the ovaries.
C) heritage such as African or Mediterranean
D) abnormal PTH receptors

Question 52

Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.

Question 53

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

A) inadequate calcification of bone
B) decreased osteoclast activity
C) decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
D) increased osteoclast activity

Question 54

The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

A) support
B) storage of minerals
C) production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
D) communication

Question 56

Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of bone?

A) meatus
B) ramus
C) foramen
D) fossa
E) epicondyle

Question 57

Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.

Question 58

Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.

A) is a characteristic of intramembranous bone formation
B) involves medullary cavity formation
C) is produced by secondary ossification centers
D) takes twice as long as diaphysis ossification

Question 59

The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is the parathyroid hormone.

Question 60

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

A) epiphysis
B) metaphysis
C) diaphysis
D) articular cartilage

Question 61

The structural unit of spongy is called ________.

A) osteons
B) lamellar bone
C) trabeculae
D) osseous lamellae

Question 62

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

A) calcitonin
B) thyroxine
C) parathyroid hormone
D) estrogen

Question 63

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A) osseous matrix
B) spongy bone
C) lamellar bone
D) the osteon

Question 64

What is absolutely required for bone growth or healing from a fracture?

A) dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D
B) osteocytes
C) osteoclasts
D) osteoblasts

Question 65

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is of greatest importance for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

A) thyroid hormone
B) somatomedins
C) growth hormone
D) prolactin

Question 66

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?

A) pineal gland
B) thyroid
C) parathyroid
D) spleen

Question 67

The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________.

A) closing of the epiphyseal plate
B) epiphyseal plate closure
C) appositional growth
D) concentric growth

Question 68

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?

A) growth at the epiphyseal plate
B) the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
C) along the edges only of existing osteons, making each osteon larger
D) the lengthening of hyaline cartilage

Question 69

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

A) osteoclast
B) osteocyte
C) osteoblast
D) stem cell

Question 70

Osteogenesis is the process of ________.

A) making a cartilage model of the fetal bone
B) bone destruction to liberate calcium
C) bone formation
D) making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage

Question 71

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.

A) by pulling the diaphysis toward the epiphysis
B) by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
C) from the edges inward
D) in a circular fashion

Question 72

Wolff's law is concerned with ________.

A) vertical growth of bones being dependent on age
B) the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
C) the function of bone being dependent on shape
D) the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts

Question 73

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

A) interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
B) the secretion of bone matrix into the medullary cavity
C) differentiation of osteoclasts into osteocytes
D) calcification of the matrix of the zone underlying articular cartilage

Question 74

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth?

A) Growth occurs in the lining of the long bones.
B) Fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage.
C) Unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage.
D) Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.

Question 75

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.

A) Volkmann's canals
B) a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage
C) perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
D) the struts of bone known as spicules

Question 76

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ________.

A) cartilage and interstitial lamellae
B) adipose tissue and nerve fibers
C) yellow marrow and spicules
D) blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 77

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________.

A) cartilage and compact bone
B) marrow and osteons
C) osteoblasts and osteoclasts
D) chondrocytes and osteocytes

Question 78

Cranial bones develop ________.

A) from cartilage models
B) within fibrous membranes
C) from a tendon
D) within osseous membranes

Question 79

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

A) A bone collar forms around the cartilage model.
B) An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue.
C) The cartilage matrix begins to deteriorate.
D) A medullary cavity forms.

Question 80

The resilience of bone is primarily due to which of the following?

A) amount of mineral salts in the bone
B) presence of osteoblasts in the bone
C) sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules
D) amount of mineral salt and protein in the bone