Deck 14: The Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine (ACh)
B) Norepinephrine (NE)
Most postganglionic sympathetic.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine (ACh)
B) Norepinephrine (NE)
Preganglionic sympathetic.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine (ACh)
B) Norepinephrine (NE)
Postganglionic parasympathetic.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Increases blood pressure.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye.

Question 6

Splanchnic nerves are mixed motor and sensory nerves.

Question 7

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine (ACh)
B) Norepinephrine (NE)
Preganglionic parasympathetic.

Question 8

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Myelin sheath.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Acetylcholine (ACh)
B) Norepinephrine (NE)
Postganglionic sympathetic to sweat glands.

Question 10

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Collateral ganglia.

Question 11

The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS.

Question 12

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Decreases heart rate.

Question 13

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.

Question 14

Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actually are rarely found.

Question 15

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron.

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Maintenance functions.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
Active after you have eaten a meal.

Question 19

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron.

Question 20

Figure 14.1
Using Figure 14.1, match the following:
Cell body of the somatic neuron.

Question 21

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

Question 22

Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.

Question 23

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.

Question 24

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.

Question 25

The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Question 26

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

Question 27

The adrenal medulla is considered a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion by some.

Question 28

The ANS contains both sensory and motor neurons.

Question 29

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.

Question 30

All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic.

Question 31

Alpha-adrenergic effects dominate the direct control of blood pressure.

Question 32

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia only.

Question 33

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

Question 34

Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects via hormone release.

Question 35

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

Question 36

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

Question 37

Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 38

Events recorded in a lie detector examination are controlled by the sympathetic division.

Question 39

All visceral organs receive dural innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Question 40

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.

Question 41

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) somatic division
D) peripheral nervous system

Question 42

Albuteral is used by asthma patients to dilate the bronchioles of the lungs and ease breathing.

Question 43

Which of the following does not describe the ANS?

A) a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands
B) a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells
C) involuntary nervous system
D) general visceral motor system

Question 44

β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.

Question 45

Where would you not find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

A) all parasympathetic target organs
B) all postganglionic neurons
C) adrenal medulla hormone producing cells
D) skeletal muscle motor end plates

Question 46

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic.

Question 47

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________.

A) V
B) VII
C) X
D) XII

Question 48

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.

A) sympathetic nervous system
B) cerebrum
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) somatic nervous system

Question 49

Rami communicantes are designated white or grey to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

Question 50

The structures that specifically exhibit vasomotor tone are mostly under sympathetic control.

Question 51

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other.

Question 52

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.

A) ciliary ganglion
B) pterygopalatine ganglion
C) submandibular ganglion
D) otic ganglion

Question 53

Because parasympathetic fibers never run in spinal nerves, rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division.

Question 54

Cranial nerves III, VII, and IX supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however, only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves.

Question 55

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

A) medulla
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus

Question 56

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following except ________.

A) their effectors
B) their efferent pathways
C) to some degree in target responses to their neurotransmitters
D) all of the neurotransmitters

Question 57

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

A) parasympathetic innervation
B) sympathetic stimulation
C) vagus nerve activity
D) neurosecretory substances

Question 58

Autonomic reflex centers occur in the spinal cord, medulla, and midbrain.

Question 59

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.

Question 60

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________.

A) constriction of most blood vessels
B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles
C) increase of heart rate and force
D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

Question 61

The parasympathetic tone ________.

A) prevents unnecessary heart deceleration
B) accelerates activity of the digestive tract
C) determines normal activity of the urinary tract
D) causes blood pressure to rise

Question 62

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

A) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow
B) NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response
C) preganglionic fibers are short
D) preganglionic fibers are long

Question 63

Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A) salivation
B) dilation of the pupils
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) elimination of urine

Question 64

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.

A) white rami communicantes
B) gray rami communicantes
C) spinal nerves
D) splanchnic nerves

Question 65

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A) smooth muscle
B) cardiac muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) most glands

Question 66

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

A) regulation of pupil size
B) regulation of cardiac rate
C) regulation of respiratory rate
D) regulation of body temperature

Question 67

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

A) beta 1
B) beta 2
C) beta 3
D) alpha 1

Question 68

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

A) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons
B) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess
C) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
D) visceral arcs do not use integration centers

Question 69

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

A) second cervical
B) third lumbar
C) first coccyx
D) first thoracic

Question 70

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

A) those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers
B) those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered
C) those that synapse with somatic fibers
D) those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Question 71

Erection of the penis or clitoris ________.

A) is primarily under sympathetic control
B) is primarily under parasympathetic control
C) is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input
D) depends very little on autonomic activation

Question 72

The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the eye that cause the lenses to bulge to accommodate close vision.

A) optic
B) oculomotor
C) trochlear
D) abducens

Question 73

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic function?

A) hypothalamus
B) midbrain
C) reticular formation
D) medulla oblongata

Question 74

Which of the following is not a plexus of the vagus nerve?

A) cardiac
B) pulmonary
C) celiac
D) esophageal

Question 75

Autonomic dysreflexia ________.

A) is also known as autonomic areflexia
B) involves uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons
C) usually precedes spinal shock
D) results from overexcitatory input from the cortex

Question 76

Raynaud's disease ________.

A) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
B) is induced by heat stress
C) occurs primarily in association with injury to the spinal cord
D) is frequently life threatening

Question 77

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all but which one of the following?

A) synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
B) synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion
C) ascend or descend the trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion
D) pass through the trunk ganglion without synapsing with another neuron

Question 78

Beta-blockers ________.

A) increase a dangerously low heart rate
B) decrease heart rate and blood pressure
C) have widespread sympathetic effects
D) are potent antidepressants

Question 79

Which of the following statements is not True?

A) Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.
B) Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic are close to visceral organs served.
C) Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers.
D) Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers.

Question 80

Autonomic ganglia contain ________.

A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons
B) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors
C) the cell bodies of motor neurons
D) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons