Deck 15: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Match the following:

A) Graves' disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Addison's disease
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of growth hormone.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Hypophysis
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Parathyroid
E) Pancreas
The size and shape of a pea; produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Graves' disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Addison's disease
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of the pancreas.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
Storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.

Question 5

Figure 15.2
Using Figure 15.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets:
Follicle stimulating hormone

Question 6

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics.

Question 7

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

Question 8

Figure 15.2
Using Figure 15.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets:
Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 9

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
Produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.

Question 10

Figure 15.2
Using Figure 15.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets:
Growth hormone

Question 11

Figure 15.1
Using Figure 15.1, match the following:
Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.

Question 12

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Acromegaly
C) Cretinism
D) Cushing's disease
Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.

Question 13

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Acromegaly
C) Cretinism
D) Cushing's disease
Hyposecretion of the thyroid in adults.

Question 14

Figure 15.2
Using Figure 15.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Acromegaly
C) Cretinism
D) Cushing's disease
Hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Graves' disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Addison's disease
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Graves' disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Addison's disease
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Pituitary dwarfism
Hypersecretion of growth hormone.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Myxedema
B) Acromegaly
C) Cretinism
D) Cushing's disease
Hyposecretion of the thyroid in infants.

Question 19

Figure 15.2
Using Figure 15.2, match the following hypothalamic hormones with the pituitary hormone targets:
Prolactin

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Graves' disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Addison's disease
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Pituitary dwarfism
An autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) Hypophysis
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Parathyroid
E) Pancreas
Produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body.

Question 22

The hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin.

Question 23

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
Hormones mimic sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters.

Question 24

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
Produces androgens.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Hormonal stimulus
B) Humoral stimulus
C) Neural stimulus
Parathyroid hormone production

Question 26

Addison's disease is due to a insufficient output of glucocorticoids only.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Hypophysis
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Parathyroid
E) Pancreas
The gland that controls the fight-or-flight reaction.

Question 28

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
Produces aldosterone.

Question 29

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
Excess hormone levels result in Cushing's syndrome.

Question 30

The pineal gland is used as a brain orientation landmark for brain X rays.

Question 31

The antagonistic hormones that regulate the blood calcium level are calcitonin-parathormone.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Hormonal stimulus
B) Humoral stimulus
C) Neural stimulus
Aldosterone production

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Hormonal stimulus
B) Humoral stimulus
C) Neural stimulus
Testosterone production

Question 34

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
Produces glucocorticoids.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Hormonal stimulus
B) Humoral stimulus
C) Neural stimulus
Epinephrine production

Question 36

Figure 15.3
Using Figure 15.3, match the following:
Produces epinephrine.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Hypophysis
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Parathyroid
E) Pancreas
Produces the body's major metabolic hormones.

Question 38

Both "turn on" factors (hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli) and "turn off" factors (feedback inhibition and others) may be modulated by the activity of the nervous system.

Question 39

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.

Question 40

Match the following:

A) Hypophysis
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal medulla
D) Parathyroid
E) Pancreas
Produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue.

Question 41

LH is also referred to as a gonadotropin.

Question 42

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Question 43

Oxytocin and ADH are produced in the posterior pituitary.

Question 44

Oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions.

Question 45

Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of iodine and calcium.

Question 46

Direct gene activation involves a second-messenger system.

Question 47

Most type 2 diabetics do not produce insulin.

Question 48

The endocrine gland that is probably malfunctioning if a person has a high metabolic rate is the parathyroid.

Question 49

Many hormones synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract are chemically identical to brain neurotransmitters.

Question 50

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress.

Question 51

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure in part by increasing the urinary excretion of sodium.

Question 52

The prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenesis.

Question 53

All adenohypophyseal hormones except GH affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second messenger.

Question 54

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ________.

A) aldosterone
B) insulin
C) secretin
D) cortisol

Question 55

Hypersecretion of catecholamines can result in hypertension.

Question 56

All peptide hormone synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA.

Question 57

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Question 58

Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid produced in the adrenals but the least abundant.

Question 59

The beta cells in the pancreatic islets produce insulin.

Question 60

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Question 61

Oxytocin ________.

A) release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
B) is an adenohypophyseal secretion
C) exerts its most important effects during menstruation
D) controls milk production

Question 62

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________.

A) connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland
B) is partly contained within the infundibulum
C) conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis
D) is the site of prolactin synthesis

Question 63

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

A) polyuria
B) polydipsia
C) polyphagia
D) polycythemia

Question 64

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

A) adrenal medulla
B) pancreas
C) thyroid gland
D) thymus gland

Question 65

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.

A) enzymes
B) antibodies
C) proteins
D) hormones

Question 66

The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a True endocrine gland because ________.

A) it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release
B) embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional
C) it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location
D) it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

Question 67

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

A) gastrin
B) secretin
C) leptin
D) renin

Question 68

Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular ________.

A) calcium
B) deactivating ions
C) nucleotides
D) second messengers

Question 69

Which of the following is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?

A) a change in membrane potential
B) the stimulation of a genetic event resulting in protein synthesis
C) an increase in enzymatic activity
D) direct control of the nervous system

Question 70

Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?

A) enzyme
B) humoral
C) neural
D) hormonal

Question 71

Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond, it is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because ________.

A) peptide hormones are converted by cell membranes enzymes into second messengers
B) hormones alter cellular operations through direct stimulation of a gene
C) G protein acts as the link between first and second messengers
D) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm as a unit

Question 72

Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________.

A) there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane
B) the receptors bind to several hormones at the same time
C) the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized into functional amino acids
D) during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes

Question 73

Which of the following is not a type of hormone interaction?

A) permissiveness
B) synergism
C) antagonism
D) feedback

Question 74

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.

A) hepatic portal system
B) general circulatory system
C) hypophyseal portal system
D) feedback loop

Question 75

ADH ________.

A) increases urine production
B) promotes dehydration
C) is produced in the adenohypophysis
D) is inhibited by alcohol

Question 76

Which of the choices below is not a factor required for target cell activation by hormone receptor interaction?

A) blood levels of hormone
B) type of hormone
C) number of receptors for that hormone
D) strength of the bond between the receptor and hormone

Question 77

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

A) synthesizing more than one hormone at a time
B) increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ
C) altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA
D) binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

Question 78

Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?

A) activates or deactivates enzymes
B) stimulates production of an action potential
C) alters plasma membrane permeability
D) induces secretory activity

Question 79

Steroid hormones exert their action by ________.

A) entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
B) binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity
C) entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA
D) activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones

Question 80

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.

A) the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
B) the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ
C) the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
D) nothing-all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific