Deck 17: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

Figure 17.2
Using Figure 17.2, match the following:
Ventricular repolarization.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Parietal layer
Heart muscle.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Parietal layer
The outermost layer of the serous pericardium.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 17.1
Using Figure 17.1, match the following:
Bundle branches.

Question 5

Figure 17.1
Using Figure 17.1, match the following:
AV node.

Question 6

Figure 17.1
Using Figure 17.1, match the following:
Purkinje fibers.

Question 7

Match the following:

A) Vagal tone
B) Bradycardia
C) Tachycardia
D) Cardiac reserve
An abnormally fast heart rate

Question 8

Figure 17.3
Using Figure 17.3, match the following:
Ventricular fibrillation.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Parietal layer
Serous layer covering the heart muscle.

Question 10

Match the following:

A) Endocardium
B) Myocardium
C) Epicardium
D) Parietal layer
The inner lining of the heart.

Question 11

Figure 17.2
Using Figure 17.2, match the following:
Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.

Question 12

Figure 17.1
Using Figure 17.1, match the following:
SA node.

Question 13

Figure 17.2
Using Figure 17.2, match the following:
Atrial depolarization.

Question 14

Figure 17.3
Using Figure 17.3, match the following:
Normal sinus rhythm.

Question 15

Figure 17.3
Using Figure 17.3, match the following:
Second-degree heart block.

Question 16

Figure 17.3
Using Figure 17.3, match the following:
Junctional rhythm.

Question 17

Match the following:

A) Vagal tone
B) Bradycardia
C) Tachycardia
D) Cardiac reserve
An abnormally slow heart rate

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Vagal tone
B) Bradycardia
C) Tachycardia
D) Cardiac reserve
Heart rate at rest under both autonomic divisions signaling

Question 19

Figure 17.1
Using Figure 17.1, match the following:
AV bundle.

Question 20

Figure 17.2
Using Figure 17.2, match the following:
Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.

Question 21

Figure 17.4
Using Figure 17.4, match the following:
Right atrium.

Question 22

Figure 17.4
Using Figure 17.4, match the following:
Tricuspid valve.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
AV valve with three flaps.

Question 24

Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Vagal tone
B) Bradycardia
C) Tachycardia
D) Cardiac reserve
Difference between resting and maximal cardiac output

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
AV valve with two flaps.

Question 27

Match the following:

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Prevents backflow into the left ventricle.

Question 28

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.

Question 29

Match the following:

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Prevents backflow into the left atrium.

Question 30

Figure 17.4
Using Figure 17.4, match the following:
Mitral valve.

Question 31

Anastomoses among coronary arterial branches provide collateral routes for blood delivery to the heart muscle.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Quiescent period
B) Ischemia
C) Fibrillation
D) Infarction
E) Ectopic focus
Death of heart muscle cells.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Quiescent period
B) Ischemia
C) Fibrillation
D) Infarction
E) Ectopic focus
An abnormal pacemaker.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Prevents backflow into the right atrium.

Question 35

Figure 17.4
Using Figure 17.4, match the following:
Left ventricle.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Quiescent period
B) Ischemia
C) Fibrillation
D) Infarction
E) Ectopic focus
Heart muscle is deprived of oxygen.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Mitral valve
B) Pulmonary valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Prevents backflow into the right ventricle.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Quiescent period
B) Ischemia
C) Fibrillation
D) Infarction
E) Ectopic focus
Total heart relaxation.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) Quiescent period
B) Ischemia
C) Fibrillation
D) Infarction
E) Ectopic focus
A condition of rapid and irregular or out-of-phase contraction of heart muscle cells.

Question 40

Figure 17.4
Using Figure 17.4, match the following:
Pulmonary veins.

Question 41

An ECG provides direct information about valve function.

Question 42

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.

A) accommodate a greater volume of blood
B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole
C) pump blood with greater pressure
D) pump blood through a smaller valve

Question 43

The papillary muscles contract after the other ventricular muscles so that they can take up the slack on the chordae tendineae before the full force of ventricular contractions sends blood against the AV valve flaps.

Question 44

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.

A) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
B) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
C) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
D) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration

Question 45

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.

A) SA node
B) AV valves
C) AV bundle
D) AV node

Question 46

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

A) Ventricles are in diastole.
B) Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.
C) AV valves are closed.
D) Ventricles are in systole.

Question 47

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 48

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

Question 49

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

Question 50

Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues.

Question 51

Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles.

Question 52

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A) excitation of the SA node
B) closure of the heart valves
C) friction of blood against the chamber walls
D) opening and closing of the heart valves

Question 53

The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves.

Question 54

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.

A) pericarditis
B) cardiac tamponade
C) myocardial infarction
D) angina pectoris

Question 55

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue.

Question 56

Blood in the heart chambers provides some nutrients to the heart muscle cells.

Question 57

Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and a weakened heart.

Question 58

Autonomic regulation of heart rate is via two reflex centers found in the pons.

Question 59

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

A) ventricular repolarization
B) ventricular depolarization
C) atrial repolarization
D) atrial depolarization

Question 60

Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole.

Question 61

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

A) The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
C) Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
D) The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.

Question 62

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________.

A) it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation
B) contractions would last as long as the refractory period
C) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action
D) it would be less than 1-2 m

Question 63

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.

A) pumps a greater volume of blood
B) pumps blood against a greater resistance
C) expands the thoracic cage
D) sends blood through a smaller valve

Question 64

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A) isovolumetric relaxation
B) isovolumetric contraction
C) ventricular ejection
D) ventricular filling

Question 65

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.

A) decreased delivery of oxygen
B) a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production
C) a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
D) an inadequate supply of lactic acid

Question 66

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.

A) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
B) lacks striations
C) has more nuclei per cell
D) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells

Question 67

During the period of ventricular filling ________.

A) pressure in the heart is at its peak
B) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
C) the atria remain in diastole
D) it is represented by the P wave on the ECG

Question 68

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole?

A) venae cavae
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) pulmonary veins

Question 69

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

A) ischemia
B) pericarditis
C) myocardial infarct
D) angina pectoris

Question 70

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________.

A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum
C) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple
D) fifth right intercostal space

Question 71

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

A) AV node
B) bundle of His
C) AV valve
D) SA node

Question 72

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.

A) tracing out where the auricles connect
B) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
C) locating the apex
D) finding the papillary muscles

Question 73

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.

A) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
B) Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate.
C) The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle.
D) The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.

Question 74

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

A) skin color
B) age
C) gender
D) body temperature

Question 75

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.

A) coronary sinus
B) fossa ovalis
C) coronary arteries
D) coronary veins

Question 76

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

A) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
B) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.
C) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.
D) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

Question 77

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.

A) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract
B) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
C) the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
D) parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate

Question 78

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?

A) aorta only
B) pulmonary arteries only
C) pulmonary veins only
D) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 79

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.

A) decreasing heart contractility
B) causing a decrease in stroke volume
C) blocking the action of calcium
D) causing threshold to be reached more quickly

Question 80

The tricuspid valve is closed ________.

A) while the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) while the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle