Deck 20: The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Question 1

Figure 20.1
Using Figure 20.1, match the following:
Light chain.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Match the following:

A) Inflammatory response
B) Intact skin and mucous membranes
C) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
D) Immune response
Second line of defense.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Figure 20.1
Using Figure 20.1, match the following:
Constant region.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Figure 20.2
Using Figure 20.2, match the following:
Area where B cells become immunocompetent.

Question 5

Match the following:

A) Inflammatory response
B) Intact skin and mucous membranes
C) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
D) Immune response
First line of defense.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Helper T cell
B) B cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Regulatory T cell
E) Memory cell
Forms antibody producing cells

Question 7

Figure 20.2
Using Figure 20.2, match the following:
Area where T cells become immunocompetent.

Question 8

Figure 20.1
Using Figure 20.1, match the following:
Heavy chain.

Question 9

Figure 20.1
Using Figure 20.1, match the following:
Variable region.

Question 10

Figure 20.1
Using Figure 20.1, match the following:
Antigen-binding site.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Inflammatory response
B) Intact skin and mucous membranes
C) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
D) Immune response
Innate defense system.

Question 12

Match the following:

A) Helper T cell
B) B cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Regulatory T cell
E) Memory cell
Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen

Question 13

Figure 20.2
Using Figure 20.2, match the following:
Area where activated immunocompetent B and T cells recirculate.

Question 14

Figure 20.2
Using Figure 20.2, match the following:
Area where antigen challenge and clonal selection are most likely to occur.

Question 15

Match the following:

A) Helper T cell
B) B cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Regulatory T cell
E) Memory cell
Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells

Question 16

Match the following:

A) Helper T cell
B) B cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Regulatory T cell
E) Memory cell
Absence results in no immune response

Question 17

Figure 20.2
Using Figure 20.2, match the following:
Area seeded by immunocompetent B and T cells.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Helper T cell
B) B cell
C) Cytotoxic T cell
D) Regulatory T cell
E) Memory cell
Slows or stops the immune response

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Inflammatory response
B) Intact skin and mucous membranes
C) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
D) Immune response
Adaptive defense system.

Question 20

Match the following:

A) Inflammatory response
B) Intact skin and mucous membranes
C) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes
D) Immune response
Third line of defense.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) IgD
E) IgE
Protects mucosal barriers.

Question 22

Cellular ingestion and destruction of particulate matter is called phagocytosis.

Question 23

The directional movement of cells in response to chemicals is called chemotaxis.

Question 24

Match the following:

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) IgD
E) IgE
First to peak during a primary immune response.

Question 25

Monoclonal antibodies can be specific for several antigenic determinants.

Question 26

Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular metabolic rate and will not allow antigen-antibody reactions to occur.

Question 27

A given pathogen will provoke either a cell-mediated response or an antibody-mediated response but not both.

Question 28

Substances capable of triggering the adaptive immune system and provoking an immune response are called antigens.

Question 29

The mechanism of the "lethal hit" of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells involves a protein called perforin.

Question 30

Virus infected cells secrete complement to "warn" other cells of the presence of virus.

Question 31

A transfusion reaction is a subacute hypersensitivity to foreign red blood cells.

Question 32

Both T cells and B cells must accomplish double recognition: They must simultaneously recognize self and nonself to be activated.

Question 33

Soluble proteins secreted by plasma cells are called antibodies.

Question 34

Match the following:

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) IgD
E) IgE
Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response.

Question 35

Anaphylactic shock can result from an immediate hypersensitivity where the allergen enters the blood.

Question 36

The respiratory burst produced by some macrophages releases free radicals.

Question 37

Some immunocompetent cells will never be called to service in our lifetime.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) IgD
E) IgE
Involved in allergies.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgA
D) IgD
E) IgE
Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor.

Question 40

Adaptive immunity is provided only by lymphocytes that secrete antibodies.

Question 41

Which of the following cells predominate at the sites of chronic infections?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Macrophages
D) B cells

Question 42

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

A) cytotoxic
B) antigenic
C) helper
D) regulatory

Question 43

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?

A) adherence, digestion, killing, ingestion, chemotaxis
B) chemotaxis, ingestion, digestion, adherence, killing
C) chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killing
D) ingestion, adherence, chemotaxis, digestion, killing

Question 44

Interferons ________.

A) are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus
B) act by increasing the rate of cell division
C) interfere with viral replication within cells
D) are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold

Question 45

Which of the following is not a role of activated complement?

A) opsonization
B) prevention of immediate hypersensitivity reactions
C) enhancement of inflammation
D) insertion of MAC and cell lysis

Question 46

Which of the following is characteristic of antibodies?

A) carbohydrate structure
B) composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains
C) three binding sites per antibody monomer
D) incapable of being transferred from one person to another

Question 47

The process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called ________.

A) diapedesis
B) chemotaxis
C) margination
D) phagocytosis

Question 48

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?

A) antigen
B) interferon
C) antibody
D) complement

Question 49

Antibodies cn act both intracellularly and extracellularly.

Question 50

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

A) exposure to an antigen
B) infusion of weakened viruses
C) passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus
D) booster shot of vaccine

Question 51

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

A) prevents the spread of the injurious agent to nearby tissue
B) replaces injured tissues with connective tissue
C) disposes of cellular debris and pathogens
D) sets the stage for repair processes

Question 52

The classical complement pathway involves antibodies.

Question 53

Somatic recombination by B cells allows each B cell to form its own unique antibody genes.

Question 54

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ________.

A) vasodilation
B) vasoconstriction
C) phagocyte mobilization
D) complement production

Question 55

The antibody molecule is held together by ________ bonds.

A) disulfide
B) hydrogen
C) amino acid
D) sodium

Question 56

Which of the following statements regarding NK cells is a False or incorrect statement?

A) NK cells are a type of neutrophil.
B) NK cells are present in the blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow.
C) NK cells attack cells that display abnormal MHC antigens.
D) NK cells attack cancer cells and virus-infected body cells.

Question 57

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ________.

A) haptens
B) antibodies
C) ions
D) reagins

Question 58

It is our genes, not antigens, that determine what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

Question 59

Which of the following does not respond to cell-mediated immunity?

A) intracellular pathogens that reside within host cells
B) some cancer cells
C) foreign tissue transplants
D) pathogens in the lumen of the stomach

Question 60

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ________.

A) thymus
B) spleen
C) bone marrow
D) lymph nodes

Question 61

Innate immune system defenses include ________.

A) B cells
B) T cells
C) plasma cells
D) phagocytosis

Question 62

Which of the following is a part of the second line of defense against microorganisms?

A) keratin
B) cilia
C) gastric juice
D) phagocytes

Question 63

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive immunity by ________.

A) natural killer cells
B) T lymphocytes
C) B lymphocytes
D) pinocytosis

Question 64

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

A) Immunological memory is established by passive immunization.
B) A vaccination is an example of the introduction of passive immunity into the body.
C) The antibodies utilized in active immunity are acquired from another organism.
D) Active and passive humoral immunity are both mechanisms of adaptive immunity that use antibodies.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is incorrect or False?

A) Haptens lack immunogenicity unless attached to protein carriers.
B) Class 1 MHC molecules are built into the plasma membranes of all body cells.
C) Class II MHC molecules appear only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, thymic cells, and T cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens.
D) MHC proteins are the cell's identity markers.

Question 66

Monoclonal antibodies are used for the diagnosis of all of the following except ________.

A) juvenile diabetes
B) hepatitis
C) rabies
D) pregnancy

Question 67

Which of the following determine(s) what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist?

A) The type of antigen
B) Memory cell production
C) Enzymes present at the time of the invasion
D) Our genes

Question 68

Select the correct definition about tissue grafts.

A) Isografts are between identical twins.
B) Allografts are between different species.
C) Xenografts are between individuals of the same species.
D) Autografts are between two genetically identical individuals.

Question 69

T-cell activation requires ________.

A) antigen binding and co-stimulation
B) antigen binding and antibody production
C) antibody production and co-stimulation
D) antigen binding, antibody production, and co-stimulation

Question 70

Which of the following is not characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

A) It is antigen-specific.
B) It is systemic.
C) It has memory.
D) It is specific for a given organ.

Question 71

Fever ________.

A) is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous
B) decreases the metabolic rate of the body to conserve energy
C) production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting
D) causes the liver to release large amounts of iron, which seems to inhibit bacterial replication

Question 72

Immunocompetence ________.

A) occurs in one specific organ of the adaptive immune system
B) is the ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it
C) prevents intercellular communication so that only specific cell types respond to the invader
D) requires exposure to an antigen

Question 73

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed ________.

A) diapedesis
B) agglutination
C) opsonization
D) chemotaxis

Question 74

Phagocyte mobilization involves ________.

A) diapedesis, during which cells line up against the capillary wall
B) margination, which is the process of white cell movement through the walls of capillaries into injured tissues
C) mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas
D) monocytes as the most active phagocyte

Question 75

Activated T cells and macrophages release ________ to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

A) Cytokines
B) Perforins
C) Interleukin 1 proteins
D) Interleukin 2 proteins

Question 76

Regulatory T cells ________.

A) release cytokines that increase the activity of cytotoxic T cells and activated B cells
B) decrease their activity as antigenic stimulus decreases
C) may function in preventing autoimmune reactions
D) aid B cells in antibody production

Question 77

B cells respond to the initial antigen challenge by ________.

A) reducing its size
B) immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies
C) forming of a large number of cells that are unlike the original B cell
D) producing progeny cells that include plasma cells and memory cells

Question 78

Which of the statements below does not describe antigens?

A) Antigens exhibit immunogenicity and reactivity.
B) Antigens only come from microbes.
C) The parts of antigen molecules that initiate immune responses are called epitopes or antigenic determinants.
D) Antigens can include proteins, nucleic acids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and certain large polysaccharides.

Question 79

Which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens?

A) small molecules
B) reactivity with an antibody
C) contain many repeating chemical units
D) inhibit production of antibodies

Question 80

Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

A) immune complex hypersensitivity
B) anaphylaxis
C) cytotoxic hypersensitivity
D) allergic contact dermatitis