Deck 22: The Digestive System

Question 1

Figure 22.2
Using Figure 22.2, match the following:
Paneth cells are found here.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Figure 22.2
Using Figure 22.2, match the following:
Cell type specialized to secrete mucus into the lumen of the intestinal tract.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
Area of the lamina propria.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Match the following:

A) Digestion
B) Absorption
C) Hydrolysis
D) Peristalsis
Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube.

Question 5

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Increases surface area for absorption via villi and microvilli.

Question 6

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
Mucosa.

Question 7

Figure 22.2
Using Figure 22.2, match the following:
Absorptive cells that line the intestinal tract.

Question 8

Figure 22.2
Using Figure 22.2, match the following:
Structures that increase the absorptive area of the small intestine.

Question 9

Match the following:

A) Digestion
B) Absorption
C) Hydrolysis
D) Peristalsis
Process by which simpler chemical units pass through the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph.

Question 10

Figure 22.2
Using Figure 22.2, match the following:
Wide lymph capillary located in the villus.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Digestion
B) Absorption
C) Hydrolysis
D) Peristalsis
Enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule.

Question 12

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Bacteria process undigested chyme from the small intestine.

Question 13

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
Serosa.

Question 14

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
Smooth muscle layer.

Question 15

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Produces enzymes that break down all categories of foodstuffs.

Question 16

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Only digestive structure with three muscle layers.

Question 17

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
Continuation of the mesentery.

Question 18

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
Duodenal glands found here.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Digestion
B) Absorption
C) Hydrolysis
D) Peristalsis
Chemical or mechanical process of breaking down foodstuffs into simpler units.

Question 20

Figure 22.1
Using Figure 22.1, match the following:
MALT found here.

Question 21

The relatively unchanging pressure in a filling stomach is due to the contraction of the stomach oblique muscle layer.

Question 22

The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body.

Question 23

The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver.

Question 24

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Produces a mucoid barrier to prevent self-digestion.

Question 25

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Produces intrinsic factor.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Gastrin
B) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Secretin
Increases output of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions.

Question 27

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Main function is to filter and process the nutrient-rich blood delivered to it.

Question 28

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells.

Question 29

The only essential function of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.

Question 30

Stellate macrophages are found in the liver and are responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Gastrin
B) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Secretin
Increases output of enzymatic-rich pancreatic juice.

Question 32

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Receives blood via the hepatic portal system.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Gastrin
B) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Secretin
Increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle.

Question 34

All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels.

Question 35

Gastric accommodation is an example of smooth muscle plasticity.

Question 36

The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Gastrin
B) Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
C) Cholecystokinin
D) Secretin
Stimulates insulin release and mildly inhibits HCl production.

Question 38

Some of the microbes that often invade other organs of the body are rarely found in the stomach. The reason for this is the presence of HCl.

Question 39

The pharyngeal-esophageal phase of swallowing is involuntary and is controlled by the swallowing center in the thalamus and lower pons.

Question 40

Figure 22.3
Using Figure 22.3, match the following:
Contains the brush border enzymes that complete digestion of carbohydrates and proteins.

Question 41

Mumps is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by myxovirus.

Question 42

When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx.

Question 43

Ionic iron is actively transported into the mucosal cells, where it binds to the protein ferritin, a phenomenon called the mucosal iron barrier.

Question 44

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________.

A) digestion
B) absorption
C) ingestion
D) secretion

Question 45

The pancreas has both an endocrine and an exocrine function.

Question 46

Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid.

Question 47

The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.

Question 48

The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress-relaxation response is termed plasticity.

Question 49

Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport.

Question 50

The stomach's contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord.

Question 51

Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach.

Question 52

The submucosal nerve plexus provides the major nerve supply to the GI tract wall and controls GI motility.

Question 53

Another term for swallowing is deglutition.

Question 54

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.

A) in the glandular tissue that lines the organ lumen
B) in the walls of the tract organs
C) in the pons and medulla
D) in the oral cavity

Question 55

Dentin anchors the tooth in place.

Question 56

The digestive function of the liver is to produce bile.

Question 57

The soft palate rises reflexively to open the nasopharynx when we swallow food.

Question 58

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.

A) carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
B) collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
C) distribute hormones throughout the body
D) return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low

Question 59

Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.

Question 60

The major stimulus for production of intestinal fluid is distention or irritation of the intestinal mucosa by hypertonic or acidic chyme.

Question 61

Hydrochloric acid is secreted by which of the secretory cells of the stomach?

A) chief cells
B) parietal cells
C) serous cells
D) mucous neck cells

Question 62

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________.

A) before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
B) immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients
C) at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time
D) when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

Question 63

Which of the following is not True of saliva?

A) cleanses the mouth
B) contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
C) moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus
D) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted

Question 64

Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

A) thick coating of bicarbonate-rich mucus
B) tight junctions of epithelial mucosa cells
C) replacing of damaged epithelial mucosa cells
D) production of intrinsic factor

Question 65

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?

A) gastrin
B) secretin
C) cholecystokinin
D) gastric inhibitor peptide

Question 66

Select the statement that is True concerning primary teeth.

A) There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.
B) There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.
C) There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
D) There are 32 primary teeth, and by 36 months of age, most children have all 32.

Question 67

Which of the following is True concerning the number and type of permanent teeth?

A) There are 32 permanent teeth, and the wisdom teeth are the last to emerge.
B) There are 27 permanent teeth, and the first molars are usually the last to emerge.
C) The number of permanent teeth is always equal to the number of primary teeth.
D) The number of upper permanent teeth is not equal to the number of lower permanent teeth.

Question 68

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?

A) crown
B) enamel
C) pulp
D) cementum

Question 69

The solutes contained in saliva include ________.

A) only salts and minerals
B) only proteases and amylase
C) mucin, lysozyme, electrolytes, salts, and minerals
D) electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA

Question 70

In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach ________.

A) initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins
B) is the first site where absorption takes place
C) is the only place where fats are completely digested
D) is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place

Question 71

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________.

A) mesenteries
B) lamina propria
C) serosal lining
D) mucosal lining

Question 72

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.

A) muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
B) serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
C) submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
D) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Question 73

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

A) enteroendocrine cells
B) parietal cells
C) zymogenic cells
D) mucous neck cells

Question 74

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?

A) goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells
B) parietal cells and glial cells
C) serous cells and mucous cells
D) cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells

Question 75

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________.

A) absorption
B) secretion
C) chemical digestion
D) mechanical digestion

Question 76

The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.

A) submucosa
B) serosa
C) adventitia
D) lamina propria

Question 77

Chyme is created in the ________.

A) mouth
B) stomach
C) esophagus
D) small intestine

Question 78

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

A) plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli
B) the vast array of digestive enzymes
C) Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches
D) the rugae and haustra

Question 79

Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.

A) Bile is both an excretory product and a digestive secretion.
B) Bile functions to emulsify fats.
C) Bile functions to carry bilirubin formed from breakdown of worn-out RBCs.
D) Bile contains enzymes for digestion.

Question 80

Peristaltic waves are ________.

A) segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
B) churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract
C) pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
D) waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another