Deck 12: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the gaps between Schwann cells that are known as myelin sheath gaps (nodes of Ranvier).

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which letter represents the most abundant category of glial cells in the CNS.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

E

Question 4

These regions of a neuron are also referred to as terminal boutons.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 5

The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 6

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill."

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents a microglial cell.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

This is the site of communication between neurons.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 9

This region of the neuron contains a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 10

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron where neurotransmitters are released.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

An axosomatic synapse occurs between the axon terminals of one neuron and the ________ of a proximal neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 13

This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection froma neuron.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 14

Figure 12.1
Use the diagram pictured above to answer the following questions.
Axodendritic synapses occur between letter "E" on the diagram and this region on a proximal neuron.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 16

These regions of a neuron are characterized by numerous, short cytoplasmic extensions and are often referred to as receiving regions.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 17

In an axodendritic synapse, the region of the postsynaptic neuron that binds the released neurotransmitter is the ________.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 18

Mitochondria are particularly abundant here.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 19

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which diagram represents cells that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 12.2
Use the diagrams above to answer the following questions.
Identify which letter represents an oligodendrocyte.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

The majority of neurons in the body are

A) multipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) unipolar.
D) pseudounipolar.

Question 22

Which of the following is not considered a special somatic sense?

A) smell
B) taste
C) pain
D) equilibrium

Question 23

Neurofibrils

A) form synapses with axons of postsynaptic neurons.
B) help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
C) prevent the neuron from being pulled apart when subjected to tensile forces.
D) receive incoming stimuli and pass the signal toward the cell body.

Question 24

Which cells are the macrophages of the CNS?

A) ependymal cells
B) microglial cells
C) satellite cells
D) Schwann cells

Question 25

Which of the following statements about an axon is False?

A) It is also referred to as a nerve fiber.
B) It has branches.
C) It carries nerve impulses toward the cell body.
D) It has a uniform diameter.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons?

A) longevity
B) inability to divide
C) high metabolic rate
D) ability to survive without oxygen

Question 27

Which of the following is the correct path an impulse takes across a synapse?

A) axon of postsynaptic neuron, dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft
B) dendrite of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, axon of postsynaptic neuron
C) axon of presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron
D) synaptic cleft, dendrite of postsynaptic neuron, axon of presynaptic neuron

Question 28

This region of a neuron contains chromatophilic substance or Nissl bodies.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 29

Interneurons are found

A) only in the visceral nervous system.
B) only in the CNS.
C) only in the PNS.
D) only in the autonomic nervous system.

Question 30

Most tumors in the brain originate from

A) glial cells.
B) multipolar neurons.
C) bipolar neurons.
D) unipolar neurons.

Question 31

This neuronal region transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 32

A somatic motor neuron carries

A) information that signals muscle contraction in the organs in the ventral cavity.
B) information, such as pain, from the viscera in the ventral cavity to the CNS.
C) motor commands to the skeletal musculature.
D) information from the skin to the CNS.

Question 33

Of the following, which is the only structure that is in the PNS, as opposed to the CNS?

A) a tract
B) white matter
C) a ganglion
D) gray matter

Question 34

Which of the following statements concerning sensory neurons is incorrect?

A) Most are pseudounipolar.
B) Most have their cell bodies in ganglia outside the CNS.
C) They have peripheral and central processes.
D) They contain only dendrites.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is False?

A) They alter the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane.
B) They are waves of positive charges that travel down axons.
C) They are released from synaptic vesicles.
D) They diffuse across the synaptic cleft.

Question 36

Most synapses transmit communicating signals using

A) chemical signaling molecules-neurotransmitters.
B) electrical impulses travelling through gap junctions.
C) physical contact between adjacent neurons.
D) chemical signaling molecules released from neuroglia.

Question 37

Ganglia represent

A) groups of axons.
B) groups of dendrites.
C) groups of neuron cell bodies.
D) groups of synapses.

Question 38

In this part of a neuron, neurofilaments, actin microfilaments, and microtubules are particularly abundant, providing structural support and a transport network.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 39

These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 40

This part of the neuron may have branching collaterals.

A) synapse
B) axon terminal
C) axon
D) cell body
E) dendrite

Question 41

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the CNS?

A) Schwann cells
B) astrocytes
C) microglial cells
D) oligodendrocyctes

Question 42

The complexity of the CNS can be attributed to

A) the large number of sensory neurons carrying information to the CNS.
B) the different types of receptors outside the CNS.
C) the large number of interneurons in the CNS.
D) the large number of motor neurons leaving the CNS.

Question 43

Which of the following is the correct arrangement of a reflex arc?

A) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
B) integration center, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector
C) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor
D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, effector, sensory neuron

Question 44

A man walking barefoot stepped on a piece of glass. His foot jerked upward in which type of reflex?

A) somatic, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex
B) visceral, monosynaptic stretch reflex
C) somatic, monosynaptic withdrawal reflex
D) visceral, polysynaptic withdrawal reflex

Question 45

Which relatively rare type of neuron has two processes extending from opposite sides of the cell body?

A) bipolar
B) multipolar
C) pseudounipolar
D) unipolar

Question 46

The peripheral nerve fibers that measure the degree of stretch in the biceps brachii muscle and its tendons are classified as

A) general somatic sensory.
B) general somatic motor.
C) special visceral sensory.
D) general visceral motor.

Question 47

Motor neurons arise primarily from the

A) alar plate.
B) basal plate.
C) ependyma.
D) neural crest.

Question 48

Nonmyelinated axons

A) are thicker than myelinated axons.
B) are not associated with any Schwann cells.
C) conduct impulses more slowly than myelinated axons.
D) occur in the PNS, but not in the CNS.

Question 49

Which of the following most immediately encases the smallest component of a nerve?

A) endoneurium
B) epineurium
C) fascicle
D) perineurium

Question 50

Some small neurons in the CNS have no axon, only dendrites, and are

A) multipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) unipolar.
D) pseudounipolar.

Question 51

Sensory neurons arise primarily from the

A) neural crest.
B) alar plate.
C) basal plate.
D) neural tube.

Question 52

Action potentials travel along the

A) axon membrane.
B) dendrite membrane.
C) cell body.
D) myelin.

Question 53

These glial cells surround the cell bodies of sensory neurons within ganglia of the PNS.

A) astrocytes
B) microglia
C) satellite cells
D) Schwann cells

Question 54

All of the following are characteristics of dendrites except that they

A) are more extensive branching than axons.
B) always conduct action potentials.
C) conduct signals toward the cell body.
D) typically occur as more than one per cell.

Question 55

White matter represents

A) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the brain.
B) aggregations of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord.
C) myelinated axons traveling together in the CNS.
D) dendrites traveling together in the ANS.

Question 56

A nerve cell is the same as a

A) nerve.
B) nerve fiber.
C) neurilemmocyte.
D) neuron.

Question 57

Which cells provide the myelin sheath for neurons in the PNS?

A) astrocytes
B) microglial cells
C) Schwann cells
D) oligodendrocytes

Question 58

An example of proprioception is

A) the contraction of the triceps brachii.
B) the contraction of pharyngeal arch muscles used in chewing.
C) sensing a feather touch the skin.
D) the sensation you feel during a wake-up stretch.

Question 59

These glial cells arise from embryonic white blood cells.

A) ependymal cells
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) satellite cells

Question 60

Myelin on axons functions to

A) make the axons live longer.
B) store nutrients (fat) for use by the neurons.
C) cover nodes of Ranvier.
D) speed the rate of impulse conduction and insulate neighboring axons from one another.

Question 61

The chemical substance that is released at axon terminals is called a

A) hormone.
B) neurotransmitter.
C) synaptic vesicle.
D) Nissl body.

Question 62

A neuron is a collection of nerve fibers in the PNS.

Question 63

The entire nerve is surrounded by a tough fibrous sheath called the

A) endoneurium.
B) perineurium.
C) ectoneurium.
D) epineurium.

Question 64

During embryo development, neurons that make "bad" connections

A) are inhibited by chemicals released from astrocytes.
B) are turned off by inhibitory synapses in reverberating circuits.
C) develop collaterals that seek out appropriate target cells.
D) die by apoptosis.

Question 65

The covering of a fascicle within a nerve is the

A) endoneurium.
B) perineurium.
C) ectoneurium.
D) epineurium.

Question 66

Ciliated neuroglial cells that form an epithelium and play an active role in forming and moving cerebrospinal fluid are

A) ependymal cells.
B) Schwann cells.
C) oligodendrocytes.
D) astrocytes.

Question 67

The type of axon that conducts impulses most slowly is

A) thick, myelinated.
B) thick, unmyelinated.
C) thin, myelinated.
D) thin, unmyelinated.

Question 68

An axon collateral from one neuron that circles back and synapses with a previous neuron describes

A) a converging circuit.
B) parallel processing.
C) a reverberating circuit.
D) serial processing.

Question 69

A monosynaptic reflex arc is an example of

A) a converging circuit.
B) parallel processing.
C) a reverberating circuit.
D) serial processing.

Question 70

Special somatic senses have receptors that are located mostly in the head, including hearing and balance and vision.

Question 71

Most neurons in the body are multipolar neurons.

Question 72

All of the neuron's organelles are localized to the cell body.

Question 73

The peripheral nerve fibers that speed up the movement of the digestive tract are classified as

A) general visceral sensory (afferent).
B) special visceral sensory.
C) general visceral motor (efferent).
D) special somatic motor.

Question 74

Gray matter in the CNS contains all of the following except

A) neuron cell bodies.
B) neuroglia.
C) dendrites.
D) fiber tracts.

Question 75

A node of Ranvier (myelin sheath gap)

A) occurs only in ganglia.
B) is one segment of the myelin sheath.
C) occurs in the PNS but not in the CNS.
D) is a bare region of axonal membrane in myelinated axons only.

Question 76

The difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons is that

A) Schwann cells are not associated with unmyelinated axons.
B) Schwann cells form more widely spaced nodes of Ranvier in unmyelinated axons.
C) Schwann cells simultaneously surround multiple axons in myelinated axons.
D) Schwann cells wrap around myelinated axons in concentric layers.

Question 77

In the region of the spinal cord, the cell bodies of most interneurons lie in

A) sensory ganglia.
B) the PNS.
C) the dorsal half of the gray matter.
D) the ventral half of the white matter.

Question 78

Regeneration of peripheral axons requires

A) construction of a collateral that branches from the point of damage.
B) deposition of neurofilaments to bridge the gap between the original axon fragments.
C) formation of a tube by Schwann cells to guide growth.
D) migration of neural stem cells from the hippocampus.

Question 79

Vesicles containing neurotransmitters are located in

A) a synaptic cleft.
B) axon terminals.
C) the postsynaptic region of dendrites.
D) the nodes of Ranvier.

Question 80

General visceral sensory impulses include pain, temperature, nausea, and hunger.