Deck 13: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

Which of these regions has two hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the corpus callosum, which is an area of white matter where axons from one cerebral hemisphere cross the midline to the opposite hemisphere?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates Wernicke's area, which is important for understanding spoken words?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of these regions of the brain regulates body temperature, hunger, and thirst?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 5

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the medulla, the functional neural connection between the pons and the spinal cord?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a choroid plexus, which produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)in all four ventricles of the brain?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the corpora quadrigemina, meaning "four bodies?"

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

The telencephalon develops into what adult brain structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 9

Which of these regions superior-most aspect is found in close proximityl to the fourth ventricle and lies lies just posterior to the pons?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 10

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the primary somatosensory cortex?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

During the human embryonic and fetal periods, the brain grows rapidly, most noticeably the growth of what structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 13

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates Broca's area, which controls the motor movements necessary for speaking?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Which of these regions of the brain has frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, as well as the insula?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 15

The diencephalon develops into the thalamus, the epithalamus, and what other structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 16

Figure 13.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the region of the brain that has the greatest surface area due to the numerous surface convolutions?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 13.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates an area that is characterized by huge neurons known as pyramidal cells?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

The hindbrain of the embryo develops into the pons, the medulla oblongata, part of the spinal cord, and what other structure?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 19

The insula is considered to be part of the ________.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 20

Which of these regions of the brain, besides the cerebrum, has an outer cortical layer of gray matter?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 21

The axons in the inferior olivary nuclei relay sensory impulses for

A) vision.
B) proprioception.
C) sound.
D) smell.

Question 22

Three "seeing/vision" nuclei that occupy the midbrain of humans are the

A) red nucleus, substantia nigra, and cerebral peduncle.
B) inferior colliculi, reticular formation, and periaqueductal gray.
C) lateral geniculate, red nucleus, and visual association area.
D) superior colliculi, motor nucleus for oculomotor nerve, and motor nucleus for trochlear nerve.

Question 23

The cell bodies located in the anteriormost region of the spinal cord's gray matter belong to this group.

A) somatic motor
B) somatic sensory
C) visceral motor
D) visceral sensory

Question 24

A "motor homunculus" can be visualized as an overlay on the precentral gyrus. The reason why the facial region of this homunculus covers such a large surface area is because

A) our ears are large for hearing.
B) our eyes are large for seeing.
C) we have very expressive faces.
D) we have very sensitive lips.

Question 25

What types of sensory information are conveyed toward the brain in the lateral spinothalamic tracts?

A) discriminative touch
B) equilibrium
C) pain and temperature
D) visual senses

Question 26

Which of these regions is the largest part of the diencephalon and forms the upper and lateral walls of the third ventricle?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 27

The function of the blood-brain barrier is to

A) keep neurons from innervating blood vessels.
B) prevent all contact between bloodborne molecules and brain tissue.
C) help protect the central nervous system.
D) provide an impenetrable barrier between blood and brain, because the brain gets all its nourishment from the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 28

It is easy to confuse the terms sulcus and gyrus (on the cerebral cortex). The difference between these two terms is that

A) a sulcus corresponds to a folia on the cerebellum, whereas a gyrus corresponds to a fissure.
B) a sulcus is the same as a fissure on the cerebral cortex, whereas a gyrus is a lobe.
C) a sulcus is a groove, and a gyrus is a deeper groove.
D) a gyrus is a ridge, and a sulcus is a groove.

Question 29

Which of these regions of the brain contains the basal forebrain nuclei in the deep gray matter?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 30

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexuses in all the following locations except the

A) central canal.
B) fourth ventricle.
C) lateral ventricle.
D) third ventricle.

Question 31

Which of the following is associated with Alzheimer's disease?

A) accumulation of protein plaques around neurons
B) cerebral ischemia
C) deterioration of the substantia nigra of the midbrain
D) inadequate vitamin B

Question 32

The fluid-filled ventricles within the cerebrum are similar in function to the ________ of the spinal cord.

A) subarachnoid space
B) central canal
C) pia mater
D) dura mater

Question 33

Which of the following is a descending motor spinal tract?

A) dorsal column pathway
B) pyramidal pathway
C) spinocerebellar pathway
D) spinothalamic pathway

Question 34

Which of these regions functions to direct nearly all sensory input, except olfactory impulses, to the cerebral cortex?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 35

Which of these regions lies between the optic chiasma and the posterior border of the mammillary bodies?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 36

The visual association area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

A) frontal lobe.
B) insula.
C) parietal lobe.
D) occipital lobe.

Question 37

Which region of the cerebellum functionally sequences complex voluntary muscle contractions to adjust posture as body position changes?

A) the deep cerebellar nuclei
B) white matter
C) the cortex
D) the flocculonodular lobes

Question 38

Which of these regions of the brain regulates hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland (hypophysis)?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 39

Which of these lobes of the cerebrum lies anterior to the central sulcus?

A) occipital lobe
B) cerebellum
C) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 40

Shearing of axons in a diffuse axonal injury causes such widespread disruptions because such an injury involves

A) association fibers.
B) commissural fibers.
C) projection fibers.
D) pyramidal tract fibers.

Question 41

The abstract representation of the homunculus overlaid on the somatosensory cerebral cortex has the

A) head and face proximal to the longitudinal fissure.
B) feet and ankles distal to the longitudinal fissure.
C) thumbs and fingers proximal to the longitudinal fissure.
D) genitals proximal to the longitudinal fissure.

Question 42

The second largest region of the brain is the

A) cerebrum.
B) brain stem.
C) diencephalon.
D) cerebellum.

Question 43

A lesion to the inferior olivary nucleus in the medulla would interfere with the function of which other structure(s)?

A) spinal motor neurons
B) the limbic system
C) the reticular formation
D) the cerebellum

Question 44

What is the anatomical distinction between the basal ganglia and the basal forebrain nuclei?

A) The basal forebrain nuclei are located in the prefrontal cortex, whereas the basal ganglia are within the midbrain.
B) The basal forebrain nuclei are located closer to the hypothalamus, whereas the basal ganglia lie near the internal capsule.
C) The basal ganglia are located in the brain stem, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum.
D) The basal ganglia are located outside the CNS, whereas the basal forebrain nuclei are located within the cerebrum.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a function of nuclei within the reticular formation?

A) adjust respiratory and cardiovascular functions
B) consolidate and store memories
C) coordinate cranial nerve reflexes
D) maintain consciousness and alertness

Question 46

All of the following are structures of the limbic system except the

A) hippocampus.
B) cingulate gyrus.
C) amygdaloid nucleus.
D) caudate nucleus.

Question 47

The sheet of dura mater that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is the

A) falx cerebri.
B) tentorium cerebri.
C) falx cerebelli.
D) superior sagittal sinus.

Question 48

Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?

A) fourth ventricle
B) pons
C) medulla
D) basal nuclei

Question 49

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in

A) the dorsal root ganglia external to the spinal cord.
B) the posterior gray horn of the spinal cord.
C) the thalamus.
D) nuclei of the cranial nerves.

Question 50

Cerebrospinal fluid is located within the

A) subarachnoid space.
B) orbits.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) superior sagittal sinus.

Question 51

The calcarine sulcus contains which functional area?

A) primary somatosensory
B) auditory association
C) frontal eye field
D) primary visual

Question 52

Which of the following is a motor area for vision?

A) frontal eye field
B) premotor cortex
C) primary visual cortex
D) visual association area

Question 53

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate (inferiorly) in the average adult?

A) S₅
B) between L₁ and L₂
C) between L₅ and S₁
D) C₃

Question 54

One of the distinctions between the cerebrum and cerebellum is that

A) gray matter is found superficially and deep in the cerebrum but is present only superficially in the cerebellum.
B) fibers of the cerebellum enter and leave ipsilaterally, whereas those of the cerebrum enter and leave contralateraly.
C) the cerebrum is folded into gyri and lobes, whereas the cerebellum is only folded into folia but lacks lobes.
D) the cerebellum is involved only in refining motor responses, whereas the cerebrum is involved in both motor function and cognition.

Question 55

The cell bodies located in the posteriormost region of the spinal cord's gray matter belong to this group.

A) somatic motor
B) somatic sensory
C) visceral motor
D) visceral sensory

Question 56

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A) arachnoid and pia
B) arachnoid and bone of skull
C) arachnoid and dura
D) dura and epidura

Question 57

Posterior gray horns of the spinal cord consist of

A) cell bodies of interneurons.
B) dorsal roots.
C) sensory ganglia.
D) motor neurons.

Question 58

The tough, dense fibrous connective tissue meningeal layer is the

A) dura mater.
B) subarachnoid.
C) arachnoid.
D) pia mater.

Question 59

Cutting the corpus callosum would lead to which of the following?

A) The right cerebral hemisphere cannot communicate directly with the left hemisphere.
B) Visual reflexes are lost.
C) Emotional problems develop.
D) One-half of the body is paralyzed.

Question 60

The cauda equina

A) consists of hair like the tail of a horse.
B) describes the radiating patterns of projection fibers.
C) is a series of nerve roots in the lumbar and sacral region.
D) is confined to the thoracic and cervical segments of the spinal cord.

Question 61

The brain stem consists of the

A) cerebrum, pons, midbrain, and medulla.
B) midbrain, medulla, and pons.
C) pons, medulla, cerebellum, and midbrain.
D) midbrain only.

Question 62

The vasomotor center of the medulla regulates blood pressure.

Question 63

The ventral portion of the cerebral peduncles connect the midbrain to the cerebellum and contain the pyramidal (corticospinal) motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.

Question 64

In the olivary nuclei in the medulla, mostly proprioceptive sensory impulses are relayed to the cerebellum.

Question 65

Which of the following is not a midbrain structure?

A) third ventricle
B) cerebral peduncles
C) corpora quadrigemina
D) red nucleus

Question 66

Which of the following grooves separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A) lateral sulcus
B) central sulcus
C) longitudinal fissure
D) transverse cerebral fissure

Question 67

Which areas of the brain are most likely to process and store motor skill memories?

A) the ependymal cells and ventricles
B) the amygdala and cingulate gyrus
C) the thalamus and hypothalamus
D) the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum

Question 68

All of the following can lead to hydrocephalus except

A) meningitis that scars the arachnoid mater.
B) an overactive choroid plexus.
C) blockage of the cerebral aqueduct by a small brain tumor.
D) Alzheimer's disease.

Question 69

A cerebrovascular accident patient who is unable to recognize faces and objects but can still visually perceive spatial arrangement of objects most likely has damage to

A) the primary visual cortex.
B) the occipital lobe.
C) the posterior association area.
D) the temporal lobe.

Question 70

The main visceral control center of the brain is the

A) cerebral cortex.
B) thalamus.
C) reticular formation.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 71

Which of the following is not part of the basal ganglia?

A) putamen
B) Wernicke's area
C) globus pallidus
D) caudate nucleus

Question 72

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is connected to the hypothalamus and receives regulatory impulses that control the secretion of hormones.

Question 73

Neural centers that control heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the

A) thalamus.
B) medulla.
C) midbrain.
D) cerebrum.

Question 74

Two parts of the brain that are most involved in emotions are the

A) medulla and cerebellum.
B) cingulate gyrus and hypothalamus.
C) superior and inferior colliculi.
D) red nucleus and substantia nigra.

Question 75

The hypothalamus, in addition to the cerebral cortex, is in control of emotional responses.

Question 76

The only one of the meninges that follows the brain surface into a cerebral sulcus is the

A) dura mater.
B) arachnoid mater.
C) pia mater.
D) alma mater.

Question 77

If the most caudal part of the CNS is the conus medullaris, then the most rostral part is/are the

A) prefrontal lobes.
B) hypothalamus.
C) precentral and postcentral gyri.
D) cauda equina.

Question 78

After someone faints, smelling salts of ammonia may be placed under the person's nose. The person breathes the ammonia vapors, which deliver a sharp jolt to the nasal membranes, and the person wakes up. This illustrates

A) how smells bring about emotions.
B) the function of the hypothalamus in controlling sleep.
C) the function of sensory input to the reticular activating system.
D) how smells elicit memories of being awake, causing the person to awaken.

Question 79

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a

A) sulcus.
B) fissure.
C) gyrus.
D) furrow.

Question 80

Sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the pineal gland and the

A) hypothalamus.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) thalamus.
D) visual cortex.