Deck 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

Figure 21.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the smallest lymphatic vessel that collects lymph in the peripheral tissue.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Figure 21.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a vessel that carries oxygenated blood to peripheral tissues.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Lymphoid organs located in the mucosal lining of the pharynx.

A) tonsils
B) salivary glands
C) uvula
D) pharygotympanic tube
E) aggregated lymphoid nodules

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 21.2
Use this illustration to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the large lymph vessel that drains three-quarters of the body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Set of lymphatic capillaries that collect fat-laden fluids from the intestinal tract.

A) lumbar trunks
B) subclavian trunks
C) bronchomediastinal trunks
D) lacteals
E) intestinal trunk

Question 6

Figure 21.2
Use this illustration to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Recycles red blood cells and initiates immune responses.

A) tonsils
B) lymph nodes
C) MALT
D) spleen
E) thymus

Question 8

Figure 21.2
Use this illustration to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates inguinal lymph nodes that filter lymph from the lower limbs.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 21.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the unique arrangement of endothelial cells that comprise lymphatic capillaries.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

T cells gain immunocompetence in this lymphoid organ.

A) thymus
B) tonsils
C) spleen-red pulp
D) lymph nodes
E) spleen-white pulp

Question 11

Figure 21.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a vessel that carries deoxygenated blood away from peripheral tissues.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Begins at the cisterna chyli.

A) thymic corpuscles
B) aggregated lymphoid nodules
C) thoracic duct
D) MALT
E) inguinal lymph nodes

Question 13

Two-lobed lymphoid organ located posterior to the sternum.

A) cisterna chyli
B) thymus
C) MALT
D) lacteals
E) crypts

Question 14

Figure 21.2
Use this illustration to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the first structure to receive lymph from both the lumbar and intestinal trunks and is located on the surface of L₁ and L₂ vertebrae.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Large lymphatic vessel that if present, is comprised of the right subclavian trunk, right jugular trunk and right bronchomediastinal trunk.

A) cisterna chyli
B) MALT
C) spleen
D) thoracic duct
E) right lymphatic duct

Question 16

Structures comprised of endothelial cells separated by flaplike minivalves that are opened as fluid accumulates in peripheral tissue describes

A) blood capillaries.
B) lymph nodes.
C) lymph capillaries.
D) cisterna chyli.
E) thoracic duct.

Question 17

Figure 21.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

The largest lymphoid organ.

A) thymus
B) tonsils
C) aggregated lymphoid nodules
D) lymph nodes
E) spleen

Question 19

Small, bean-shaped organs abundant in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions.

A) lymphatic capillaries
B) afferent lymphatic vessels
C) lymphatic ducts
D) lymph nodes
E) lacteals

Question 20

Figure 21.2
Use this illustration to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the union of the right jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

In humans, B lymphocytes originate in

A) the thymus.
B) the appendix.
C) all lymphoid tissue.
D) the bone marrow.

Question 22

The lymph trunk that contains chyle and is unpaired is the

A) intestinal.
B) subclavian.
C) jugular.
D) right lymph trunk.

Question 23

Duct of the lymphatic system that drains the body's entire lower half.

A) lumbar trunk
B) intestinal trunk
C) bronchomediastinal trunk
D) thoracic duct
E) right lymphatic duct

Question 24

Which of these statements regarding lymph capillaries is False?

A) They begin as closed-ended tubes.
B) They have precapillary sphincters that regulate drainage of lymph from tissues.
C) They lack barriers to stop cancer cells from entering the lymphatic system.
D) They unite with each other to form collecting vessels.

Question 25

Lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

A) aggregated lymphoid nodules
B) tonsils
C) MALT
D) lacteals
E) crypts

Question 26

Is it possible for lymphocytes to gain immunocompetence in the thymus of an 82-year-old person?

A) Yes, but the thymus has shifted to the production of B lymphocytes.
B) Yes, but fewer than in youth.
C) No, because the thymus has completely degenerated.
D) No, because all lymphocytes have turned into thymic corpuscles.

Question 27

Lymphocytes attack antigens mostly in lymphoid organs (except the thymus) and in

A) loose connective tissue.
B) the bloodstream.
C) cartilage.
D) the thyroid.

Question 28

Which of the following cells are the largest producers of antibodies?

A) B lymphocytes
B) T lymphocytes
C) plasma cells
D) macrophages

Question 29

The largest kind of lymphatic vessel is a lymphatic

A) duct.
B) trunk.
C) sinus.
D) capillary.

Question 30

The sinuses within lymph nodes

A) are separated from the bloodstream by a blood-node barrier.
B) consist of star-shaped epithelial cells that secrete immune-boosting hormones.
C) contain macrophages living along a reticular fiber network.
D) surround clumps of lymphoid tissue called white pulp.

Question 31

Masses of lymphoid tissue within a lymph node.

A) trabeculae
B) hilum
C) lymphoid follicles
D) white pulp
E) subcapsular sinus

Question 32

Blind-end invaginations of tonsil epithelium that trap bacteria and particulate matter.

A) aggregated lymphoid nodules
B) tonsils
C) MALT
D) lacteals
E) crypts

Question 33

Given that a germinal center arises from a single activated lymphocyte, how many different kinds of antibodies are secreted by a single germinal center (and by the plasma cells it produces)?

A) none; T cells do not produce antibodies
B) one
C) several dozen
D) thousands

Question 34

The lymphoid organ that atrophies with age.

A) thymus
B) tonsils
C) aggregated lymphoid nodules
D) lymph nodes
E) spleen

Question 35

In a histological cross section through an artery, a vein, and a lymphatic vessel, one can recognize the lymphatic vessel because it

A) has the fewest valves.
B) has the thinnest walls.
C) has the thickest tunica media.
D) always lies closest to the artery, which has the thinnest walls.

Question 36

A bubo is

A) an infected lymph node containing a large number of pathogens that are trapped in the node but not destroyed.
B) a cancer-infiltrated lymph node.
C) any enlarged lymph node.
D) a structure that is unrelated to lymph nodes.

Question 37

In the spleen, lymphoid tissue is confined to the

A) red pulp.
B) white pulp.
C) trabeculae.
D) hilus.

Question 38

Which of the following statements about the right lymph duct is False?

A) Not all people have one.
B) This duct and its tributaries drain the superior right quarter of the body.
C) It empties into the thoracic duct.
D) It forms from the union of a jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunk.

Question 39

The immune system cell type that is preferentially destroyed by the Epstein-Barr virus in mononucleosis is the

A) B lymphocyte.
B) cytotoxic T lymphocyte.
C) helper T lymphocyte.
D) macrophage.

Question 40

Lymphatic capillaries are present in

A) skin.
B) teeth.
C) the central nervous system.
D) bone marrow.

Question 41

The bulges that give lymph vessels a string-of-beads appearance are really

A) lymph nodes.
B) pockets for valves.
C) weakenings in the wall of the vessels.
D) temporary constrictions caused by bulging skeletal muscles that squeeze the lymph vessel.

Question 42

Which of the following is not classified as a lymphoid organ?

A) liver
B) spleen
C) tonsils
D) aggregated nodules in the intestine

Question 43

Which of the following lymphoid structures have a hilum?

A) tonsils and appendix
B) thymus and aggregated lymphoid nodules
C) spleen and lymph nodes
D) MALT

Question 44

Lymphatic ducts deliver lymph to the cardiovascular system proximal to the

A) external jugular veins.
B) inferior vena cava just below the right atrium.
C) internal jugular and subclavian veins.
D) superior vena cava and azygos vein.

Question 45

In lymph nodes, follicles are always located

A) in the cortex.
B) near the hilum.
C) in the lymph sinuses.
D) in the medullary cords.

Question 46

B lymphocytes are to ________ as T lymphocytes are to ________.

A) antibodies; antigens
B) antibodies; programmed cell death
C) antigens; antibodies
D) programmed cell death; antibodies

Question 47

The thymus is most active during

A) fetal development.
B) adolescence.
C) old age.
D) childhood.

Question 48

Which cell has the responsibility of presenting foreign antigens to lymphocytes?

A) cytotoxic CD8⁺ T lymphocyte
B) dendritic cell
C) helper CD4⁺ T lymphocyte
D) natural killer

Question 49

Which of the following might explain why most people are sick more often as children than as adults in their 20s through 50s?

A) The immune system does not appear until the preteen years.
B) The thymus is so active in children that it fights bacteria so hard that it produces strong symptoms of disease.
C) Because of their small size, children's bodies cannot contain as much lymphoid tissue as those of adults.
D) We build up many varieties of memory lymphocytes during childhood, providing immunity to more and more antigens during adulthood.

Question 50

In humans, T lymphocytes originate in

A) the spleen.
B) the thymus.
C) the red bone marrow.
D) the lymph nodes.

Question 51

Lymphoid tissue contains all of the following elements except

A) T cells.
B) B cells.
C) follicles.
D) thick collagen fibers.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a part of MALT?

A) lymphoid tissue in the appendix
B) lymphoid tissue in the tonsils
C) aggregated lymphoid nodules
D) lymphocytes in the spleen

Question 53

The tonsil located on the posterior surface of the tongue is the ________ tonsil.

A) palatine
B) pharyngeal
C) tubal
D) lingual

Question 54

Blockage of the ________ duct would prevent drainage only from the ________ and lumbar trunks.

A) right lymphatic; jugular
B) right lymphatic; subclavian
C) thoracic; axillary
D) thoracic; intestinal

Question 55

Because the appendix is a narrow tube, it traps microorganisms from the digestive tract, and these microorganisms enter its wall and activate memory lymphocytes for long-term immunity. Another immune organ that traps microorganisms is the

A) thymus.
B) bone marrow.
C) palatine tonsil.
D) the spleen.

Question 56

Lymph capillaries differ from blood capillaries in all of the following ways except that

A) they are more permeable than most blood capillaries.
B) they carry lymph instead of blood.
C) they are blind-ended.
D) their walls consist of endothelial cells.

Question 57

The ________ stores blood platelets.

A) lymph node
B) thymus
C) tonsil
D) spleen

Question 58

The lymph organ that lies in the superior part of the thoracic mediastinum is the

A) cervical lymph node.
B) spleen.
C) tonsil.
D) thymus.

Question 59

The lymphatic capillaries are

A) more permeable than blood capillaries.
B) less permeable than blood capillaries.
C) as permeable as blood capillaries.
D) completely impermeable.

Question 60

Clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following sites except

A) along the aorta.
B) in the mediastinum.
C) in bones and bone marrow.
D) in the inguinal region.

Question 61

Edema is

A) a form of cancer.
B) an infection of the lymphatic vessels.
C) an infection of the lymph nodes.
D) the accumulation of excess tissue fluid in loose connective tissue.

Question 62

The immune system cell type that is preferentially destroyed by the AIDS virus is the

A) B lymphocyte.
B) cytotoxic T lymphocyte.
C) helper T lymphocyte.
D) helper B lymphocyte.

Question 63

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

A) water
B) plasma proteins
C) red blood cells
D) ions

Question 64

Lymph vessels drain lymph from all the lymphoid organs (simply because lymph vessels drain almost all organs of the body). However, lymph vessels enter (empty into) only one type of lymphoid organ. The only organ with such afferent lymph vessels is

A) a lymph node.
B) the spleen.
C) the appendix.
D) the thymus.

Question 65

Which of the following lymphoid organs does not directly fight antigens?

A) tonsil
B) spleen
C) the thymus
D) aggregated lymphoid nodules

Question 66

The distal region of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called

A) pancreatic islets.
B) aggregated lymphoid follicles.
C) rugae.
D) villi.

Question 67

Lymphatic vessels perform all of the following functions except

A) returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
B) returning leaked blood proteins to the bloodstream.
C) transporting digested fats.
D) carrying blood.

Question 68

Which cell secretes cytokines that will stimulate the proliferation of other types of immune cells?

A) cytotoxic CD8⁺ T lymphocyte
B) dendritic cell
C) helper CD4⁺ T lymphocyte
D) natural killer cell

Question 69

Lymph leaves a lymph node via

A) afferent lymphatic vessels.
B) efferent lymphatic vessels.
C) the cortical lymph sinus.
D) the subcapsular sinus.

Question 70

This organ has a superficial cortex filled with lymphocytes and an inner medulla with few lymphocytes and a sizable number of degenerating epithelial reticular cells.

A) lymph node
B) spleen
C) thymus
D) tonsil

Question 71

A lymphoid nodule is

A) a small lymph node.
B) a type of lymphoma.
C) a bulge in a lymphatic collecting vessel.
D) a cluster of densely packed lymphocytes.

Question 72

The paired lymph trunks that carry lymph from the lower limbs are the

A) cisterna chyli.
B) iliac trunks.
C) lumbar trunks.
D) femoral trunks.

Question 73

A patient with lymphangitis presents with visible red lines on the skin that are tender to the touch. The best explanation for this sign is that

A) lack of movement has caused pooling of lymph in the vessels, which compromised the lymphatic valves, resulting in varicose lymph vessels.
B) red blood cells have infiltrated the lymphatic system.
C) the spleen has overdegraded red blood cells, releasing iron into the lymphatic system.
D) the vasa vasorum on the surface of infected lymph vessels has become inflamed and congested with blood.

Question 74

Crypts of the tonsils

A) are filled with lymphoid tissue.
B) are specialized lymphatic capillaries.
C) contain all the progeny of a single activated B lymphocyte.
D) trap bacteria and particulate matter.

Question 75

All of the following mechanisms help move lymph through the lymphatic vessels except

A) contractions of smooth muscle in the wall of the lymph vessels.
B) body movements during exercise.
C) tiny lymph hearts.
D) contraction of skeletal muscles.

Question 76

The lymph trunk that drains the thoracic organs is called the

A) posterior intercostal trunk.
B) great cardiac trunk.
C) bronchomediastinal trunk.
D) azygos trunk.

Question 77

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb?

A) lumbar trunk
B) thoracic duct
C) right subclavian duct
D) cisterna chyli

Question 78

A person with many enlarged lymph nodes that do not feel tender or sore is most likely to have

A) lymphangitis.
B) mononucleosis.
C) Hodgkin's lymphoma.
D) buboes.

Question 79

Macrophages that destroy aged and defective blood cells from circulation are present in the ________ of the spleen.

A) hilum
B) splenic cords
C) venous sinuses
D) white pulp

Question 80

One location where lymphoid tissue is found is "in the frequently infected mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts." Specifically, this refers to

A) intestinal and bronchomediastinal lymph trunks.
B) the intestinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes.
C) the cisterna chyli and lacteals.
D) MALT.