Deck 22: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple."

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Anatomical region of the nasal cavity containing nose hairs.

A) nasal septum
B) olfactory mucosa
C) nasal conchae
D) vestibule
E) uvula

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vocal fold, or true vocal cord.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

The serous membrane lining of the wall of the thoracic cavity.

A) visceral pleura
B) parietal pleura
C) mucous membrane
D) parietal pericardium
E) visceral pericardium

Question 6

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vestibular fold, or False vocal cord.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

The smallest airway of the bronchial tree that is primarily responsible for creating bronchoconstriction.

A) primary bronchi
B) bronchiopulmonary segment
C) lobe of lung
D) bronchiole
E) alveoli sac

Question 8

Alveolar cells that allow rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) alveolar macrophages
D) endothelial cells
E) pseudostratiied columnar epithelial cells

Question 9

The region of the lung served by secondary, or lobar, bronchi.

A) bronchopulmonary segment
B) lobe
C) lobule
D) lingular
E) cardiac notch

Question 10

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the soft wall of the trachea allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the uvula.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that propels swallowed food to the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a flexible tube that has C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it from collapsing.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a muscular tube that serves as a common passageway for food and air.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that anchors the vocal cords posteriorly.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fibromusculocartilaginous layer with hyaline cartilaginous rings that allow the trachea to bend and elongate but not collapse.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 22.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that folds over the opening of the larynx - the glottis. The function of this cartilage is to prevent aspiration of foods and liquids into the lower respiratory tubes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 22.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the trachealis muscle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 22.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

The rubbing together of inflamed pleural membranes that produces a stabbing pain in the chest is called

A) influenza.
B) tuberculosis.
C) rhinitis.
D) pleurisy.

Question 22

The detergent-like molecule that keeps the alveoli from collapsing between breaths is called

A) bile.
B) hemoglobin.
C) surfactant.
D) oxygen.

Question 23

Which part of the nose is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue?

A) the apex
B) the border where the nostril attaches to the maxilla
C) the nasal septum
D) the surface connecting to the nasal bones

Question 24

In lung cancer, the cancer cells usually arise from

A) the smooth muscle fibers around the bronchioles.
B) the epithelium lining a large bronchus.
C) the alveoli.
D) lymph nodes in the lung.

Question 25

When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ________, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity ________, and air flows ________ the lungs.

A) decreases; rises; into
B) increases; drops; into
C) decreases; drops; out of
D) increases; drops; out of

Question 26

Which muscle contracts during forced expiration?

A) internal oblique
B) serratus anterior
C) sternocleidomastoid
D) pectoralis major

Question 27

The part of the brain that generates the basic respiratory rhythm is the

A) medulla oblongata.
B) limbic system.
C) hypothalamus.
D) cerebrum.

Question 28

The superior and middle nasal conchae are bony projections from the

A) vomer.
B) ethmoid bone.
C) sphenoid bone.
D) maxillary bone.

Question 29

The medial opening between the vocal folds through which air passes.

A) glottis
B) vestibule
C) rima glottidis
D) thyrohyoid membrane
E) cricothyroid ligament

Question 30

These are peripheral chemoreceptors that monitor changes in respiratory gasses and blood acidity levels.

A) ventral respiratory center
B) vagus nerve
C) reticular activating system
D) carotid bodies
E) medulla oblongata

Question 31

Which portion of the nasal cavity is lined with sebaceous and sweat glands and numerous hair follicles?

A) hard and soft palate
B) nasal conchae
C) roof (ceiling)
D) vestibule

Question 32

Specific location within the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

A) terminal bronchioles
B) carina
C) bronchopulmonary segments
D) alveoli
E) respiratory membrane

Question 33

Sympathetic stimulation of terminal bronchioles causes

A) bronchoconstriction.
B) a decrease in blood supply to the bronchioles.
C) bronchodilation.
D) secretion of less surfactant.

Question 34

Vibrissae are

A) specialized cells in the larynx that react to vibrations of air.
B) large hairlike projections on epithelial cells that line the trachea.
C) nose hairs.
D) the sensory organs of the inner ear.

Question 35

Which structure is not located within the nasopharynx?

A) opening of the pharyngotympanic tube
B) palatine tonsil
C) pharyngeal tonsil
D) tubal tonsil

Question 36

The left lung

A) has three lobes.
B) is supplied entirely by a secondary bronchus.
C) receives oxygenated blood from the heart via the left pulmonary artery.
D) has a cardiac notch.

Question 37

Which cells produce surfactant?

A) type I cells
B) type II cells
C) alveolar macrophages
D) chondrocytes

Question 38

Fissure separating the upper and middle lobes of the right lung.

A) horizontal
B) oblique
C) carina
D) superior
E) inferior

Question 39

Fluid that reduces surface tension of the alveolar walls.

A) serous fluid
B) pleural fluid
C) surfactant
D) lysozyme
E) mucin

Question 40

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal conchae?

A) They deflect particulates to the mucosa.
B) They help warm the air.
C) They decrease the turbulence in the flow of air through the nasal cavity.
D) They moisten the air.

Question 41

The ________ flaps over the glottis when we swallow food.

A) uvula
B) epiglottis
C) palate
D) vocal fold

Question 42

Some bronchi have names such as the "right upper-lobe bronchus," "left lower-lobe bronchus," and "right middle-lobe bronchus." These are ________ bronchi.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) very small (about fifteenth-order)

Question 43

Of the three different layers of tissue in the wall of the trachea, the outermost layer is the

A) adventitia.
B) lamina propria.
C) submucosa.
D) muscularis.

Question 44

Lung cancer occurs slightly more frequently in the right lung than in the left lung (about 53% versus 47% of the time). The most logical explanation for this is that

A) the tissue of the right lung is more susceptible to carcinogens.
B) the right nostril is closed more often than the left one, so it blocks the exhalation of cigarette smoke and causes smoke to back up into the right lung.
C) most people are right-handed, so everything affects the right side of the body more intensely.
D) the right primary bronchus is wider than the left one (and the right lung is larger than the left lung), so the right lung receives slightly more carcinogenic cigarette smoke with each puff.

Question 45

The passageway between the nasopharynx and the middle ear is the

A) oval window.
B) internal acoustic meatus.
C) mastoid sinus.
D) pharyngotympanic tube.

Question 46

The respiratory mucosa is present throughout each of the following areas except the

A) bronchi.
B) nasal cavity.
C) nasopharynx.
D) superior laryngopharynx.

Question 47

An infectious illness that results in the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is

A) tuberculosis.
B) emphysema.
C) bronchitis.
D) pneumonia.

Question 48

The ability to vary the pitch of the voice results from varying

A) the force of air passing over the vocal folds.
B) the tension in the vocal folds.
C) the size of the laryngeal cartilages.
D) the shape of the cricoid cartilage.

Question 49

Most foreign substances in inspired air fail to reach the lungs because of the

A) ciliated epithelium and mucus that line the respiratory passages.
B) abundant blood supply to the nasal mucosa.
C) porous structure of the nasal conchae.
D) action of the epiglottis.

Question 50

In the wall of the trachea and bronchi, the cartilage rings lie within which tissue layer?

A) inner epithelium
B) mucosa
C) submucosa
D) fibromusculocartilaginous layer

Question 51

An aortic aneurysm that presses on the left recurrent laryngeal nerve could lead to

A) paralysis of the diaphragm.
B) hoarse speech.
C) complete loss of speech.
D) inability of the carotid sinus to monitor blood gases.

Question 52

The aortic bodies

A) sense the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
B) give rise to the pulmonary arteries.
C) are innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
D) are in the hilum of the lung.

Question 53

Which pulmonary disease is characterized by a permanent enlargement of the alveoli?

A) emphysema
B) tuberculosis
C) pneumonia
D) lung cancer

Question 54

The pharyngeal tonsil is

A) scattered throughout the pharynx.
B) in the fauces.
C) the largest tonsil.
D) synonymous with the adenoids in the roof of the nasopharynx.

Question 55

The vocal ligaments attach between the thyroid cartilage and the

A) arytenoid cartilage.
B) corniculate cartilage.
C) cricoid cartilage.
D) cuneiform cartilage.

Question 56

The main function of the elaborate venous plexus in the nasal mucosa is

A) diapedesis of leukocytes.
B) to replace vessels broken in nose bleeds.
C) to supply extra blood to the brain and supplement the dural sinuses.
D) to warm blood and moisten inhaled air.

Question 57

The correct definition of bronchopulmonary segments is

A) arbitrary subdivisions of a lung, about as large as a fist (0.3 liter).
B) parts of the lung that are easy to remove during surgery.
C) parts of the lungs that are separated by the oblique and horizontal fissures.
D) parts of the lung that are supplied by a single tertiary bronchus (and its branches).

Question 58

What type of epithelium occurs in the respiratory mucosa?

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 59

Of the following, which is the only organ that is not an upper respiratory structure?

A) larynx
B) oropharynx
C) vestibule of the nose
D) nasal cavity

Question 60

The trachealis muscle

A) constricts the trachea.
B) controls the length and tension of the vocal cords.
C) initiates the cough reflex.
D) raises the larynx when swallowing.

Question 61

Which structure is both a lower respiratory structure and in the conducting zone?

A) the laryngopharynx
B) a respiratory bronchiole
C) any bronchus
D) an alveolus

Question 62

It is easy to see on the outer surface of a smoker's lung hexagons approximately the size of the tip of a little finger and clearly outlined by black lines of carbon. These structures are

A) lobes.
B) bronchopulmonary segments.
C) lobules.
D) bronchioles.

Question 63

Embryologically, the nasal cavity develops from

A) invagination of the ectoderm of the olfactory placode.
B) the nasopharynx.
C) a cranial extension of the mouth.
D) the early precursor of the paranasal sinuses.

Question 64

The lungs are located in the

A) mediastinum.
B) abdominopelvic cavity.
C) thoracic cavity.
D) pleura.

Question 65

In a runner who is breathing heavily during a race, the rima glottidis is

A) half closed.
B) half open.
C) open as far as possible.
D) all the way closed.

Question 66

The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are all located within the lungs.

Question 67

Which structure does not enter or exit from the hilum of a lung?

A) bronchial vein
B) phrenic nerve
C) pulmonary artery
D) pulmonary plexus

Question 68

The lobes of a lung are easy to recognize and distinguish from one another because

A) they all have slightly different colors.
B) they are separated by fissures.
C) each is supplied by a primary bronchus, and the primary bronchi are easy to find.
D) carbon from the air accumulates between and outlines the lobes in most people (even if they breathe almost-unpolluted air).

Question 69

Alveolar pores

A) allow gases to transfer from the alveoli to the blood.
B) allow pleural fluid to enter the alveoli and keep their walls from sticking together.
C) are the openings between the alveolar duct and the alveolus.
D) equalize air pressure throughout the lung.

Question 70

A chronic respiratory disease that leads to an expanded "barrel chest" is

A) emphysema.
B) lung cancer.
C) tuberculosis.
D) pneumonia.

Question 71

Type II alveolar cells produce pleural fluid to keep the walls of the alveoli from collapsing or adhering together.

Question 72

In a preserved cadaver, the first rib is likely to form a groove on which surface of the lung?

A) basal
B) mediastinal
C) inferior costal
D) apical (apex)

Question 73

The ventral respiratory group (VRG) is a group of neurons located within the

A) forebrain.
B) medulla oblongata.
C) midbrain.
D) pons.

Question 74

The left lung has both a horizontal fissure and oblique fissure.

Question 75

Gas exchange occurs across the bronchi and bronchioles.

Question 76

Changes in the size of the thoracic cavity bring about inspiration and expiration.

Question 77

Which muscle is used for both quiet inspiration and forced expiration?

A) external intercostals
B) internal intercostals
C) latissimus dorsi
D) scalenes

Question 78

Which of the following changes does not occur as the conducting tubes of the respiratory tree become smaller?

A) Cartilage rings are replaced by irregular plates of cartilage.
B) The lining epithelium thins.
C) Elastin in the walls disappears.
D) Cartilage disappears in the bronchioles.

Question 79

The space between the right and left vocal folds is called the

A) laryngeal inlet.
B) cricoid.
C) vestibule.
D) rima glottidis.

Question 80

Supportive cartilage disappears from the bronchial tree at the level of the

A) alveolar duct.
B) bronchioles.
C) lobar bronchi.
D) respiratory bronchiole.