Deck 23: The Digestive System

Question 1

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the duct that directs both digestive enzymes and bile to the duodenum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates folds that allow for expansion of the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the curvature where the greater omentum attaches.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the stomach that regulates the passage of chyme into the small intestine.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the duct that carries digestive enzymes from acinar cells in the pancreas.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the duct formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fundus of the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the crown.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Junction of the transverse and ascending colon.

A) splenic flexure
B) cecum
C) hepatic flexure
D) ileocecal valve
E) haustra

Question 11

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the root.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Figure 23.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the hepatic ducts as they exits the porta hepatis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Smooth muscle constriction between the ileum and cecum.

A) splenic flexure
B) cecum
C) hepatic flexure
D) ileocecal valve
E) haustra

Question 14

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the root canal.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter on the diagram that represents the neck of the tooth.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 23.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the surface of the tooth that is coated with the hardest substance in the body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 23.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cardiac region of the stomach.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Infoldings of the sarcolemma of smooth muscle fibers.

A) mesothelium
B) adventitia
C) muscularis externa
D) vasa vasorum
E) caveolae

Question 19

Retroperitoneal organs have a serosa facing the peritoneal cavity and a(n) ________ on the posterior side embedded in the abdominal wall.

A) mesothelium
B) adventitia
C) muscularis externa
D) vasa vasorum
E) caveolae

Question 20

The union of the cystic and common hepatic ducts.

A) accessory pancreatic duct
B) main pancreatic duct
C) hepatopancreatic ampulla
D) common bile duct
E) bile canaliculi

Question 21

The splenic, or left colic, flexure of the colon is located within the

A) left hypochondriac region.
B) left lumbar region.
C) right hypochondriac region.
D) right lumbar region.

Question 22

The lesser omentum extends between the

A) greater curvature of the stomach and the posterior abdominal wall.
B) lesser curvature of the stomach and the porta hepatis of the liver.
C) transverse colon and the posterior abdominal wall.
D) sigmoid colon and the posterior pelvic wall.

Question 23

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the large intestine?

A) It includes the ascending, transverse, and descending colon.
B) It contains an abundant bacterial flora.
C) It is the main site of nutrient absorption.
D) It absorbs much of the water and salts remaining in the wastes.

Question 24

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is primarily located within the

A) lamina propria.
B) muscularis mucosa.
C) serosa.
D) submucosa.

Question 25

Layer of the GI tract responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

A) muscularis mucosae
B) muscularis externa
C) lamina propria
D) submucosa
E) serosa

Question 26

Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for the peristaltic waves that propel materials from one portion to another?

A) muscularis externa
B) serosa
C) submucosa
D) mucosa

Question 27

Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

A) greater omentum
B) lesser omentum
C) falciform ligament
D) ligamentum teres
E) porta hepatis

Question 28

Medial to both midclavicular lines and superior to the subcostal plane lies the

A) appendix.
B) cecum.
C) jejunum.
D) pyloric sphincter.

Question 29

Bulblike union of the main pancreatic duct and bile duct.

A) cystic duct
B) hepatic duct
C) porta hepatis
D) hepatopancreatic ampulla
E) accessory pancreatic duct

Question 30

Another name for serosa is

A) parietal peritoneum.
B) serous gland.
C) visceral peritoneum.
D) mucosa.

Question 31

To say someone is "tongue-tied" means that the

A) lips are exceptionally immobile.
B) tongue muscles are weak.
C) salivary glands produce little lubricant.
D) lingual frenulum is short.

Question 32

Which of the following choices correctly pairs a type of cell in the stomach with its secretion?

A) parietal cell; pepsinogen
B) chief cell; pepsinogen
C) parietal cell; mucus
D) enteroendocrine; hydrochloric acid

Question 33

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

A) haustra
B) hepatopancreatic ampulla
C) porta hepatis
D) greater omentum
E) lesser omentum

Question 34

Which of the following is not contained in saliva?

A) enzymes that begin the digestion of proteins
B) enzymes that initiate the digestion of carbohydrates
C) bicarbonate buffer
D) bactericidal enzymes

Question 35

The mesentery that suspends the small intestine is the

A) falciform ligament.
B) lesser omentum.
C) greater omentum.
D) mesentery proper.

Question 36

Three strips of longitudinal muscles of the muscularis of the colon causing it to pucker into sacs.

A) ileocecal junction
B) haustra
C) teniae coli
D) muscularis mucosae
E) pyloric sphincter

Question 37

Secretions of the parotid gland empty

A) anterior to the frenulum of the tongue.
B) between the lingual tonsil and epiglottis.
C) lateral to the upper molars.
D) through 10 ducts on the floor of the oral cavity.

Question 38

What is the function of the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

A) It controls the entry of bile and pancreatic juices into the alimentary canal.
B) As it contracts, it squeezes pancreatic secretions into the duodenum.
C) It inhibits defecation in the upper alimentary canal while the anal sphincters do the same in the lower regions.
D) It prevents the movement of bile into the gallbladder.

Question 39

How many deciduous teeth are there?

A) 18
B) 20
C) 32
D) It varies from person to person.

Question 40

The digestive organ primarily responsible for the absorption of water is the

A) ileum.
B) duodenum.
C) anus.
D) large intestine.

Question 41

All of the following structures have all four tissue layers in their walls except the

A) esophagus.
B) mouth.
C) stomach.
D) sigmoid colon.

Question 42

The largest salivary gland is the

A) intrinsic.
B) submandibular.
C) sublingual.
D) parotid.

Question 43

The stomach

A) stores food for later use in the form of fat.
B) absorbs most of the nutrients in food.
C) churns food into a paste by mechanical means.
D) dehydrates food materials before passing them to the small intestine.

Question 44

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the greater omentum?

A) It is a vestigial structure that has no known function.
B) It stores fat.
C) It absorbs heat from the digestive process and radiates it to the outside of the body.
D) It wraps around most of the large intestine and anchors it to the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 45

Why are bacteria abundant in the large intestines but not in the stomach?

A) Food enters the stomach first and does not spend much time there.
B) The intestine is much warmer and moister, encouraging bacterial growth.
C) The stomach wall contains so much lymphoid tissue that it destroys all bacteria there.
D) Secretions of parietal cells kill bacteria in the stomach.

Question 46

Which of the following applies to the small intestine?

A) It is where foodstuffs first encounter protein-splitting enzymes.
B) Its walls secrete most of the digestive enzymes that are active in its lumen.
C) It is where carbohydrates and fats but not proteins are digested.
D) Breakdown products of fats enter its lacteals.

Question 47

Which of the following cells produce intrinsic factor?

A) chief cells
B) parietal cells
C) mucous neck cells
D) enteroendocrine cells

Question 48

The epithelial lining of the mouth derives from

A) ectoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) neural crest.

Question 49

The "mostly mucous" extrinsic salivary gland is the ________ gland.

A) parotid
B) submandibular
C) sublingual
D) intrinsic

Question 50

Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the bile-secreting liver were severely damaged?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Question 51

Which of the following layers is present in the mucosa of the stomach and intestines, but not in the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx?

A) lining epithelium
B) lamina propria
C) muscularis mucosae
D) lumen

Question 52

Which of the following is a secondarily retroperitoneal organ?

A) descending colon
B) ileum
C) sigmoid colon
D) transverse colon

Question 53

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A) secretion of bile
B) production of cholesterol
C) secretion of gastrin
D) storage of bile

Question 54

The portion of the large intestine closest to the liver is the

A) cecum.
B) rectum.
C) transverse colon.
D) descending colon.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a function of hepatocytes?

A) producing digestive enzymes
B) picking up and processing nutrients from the portal blood
C) storing some vitamins
D) detoxifying poisons

Question 56

Which of the following are the only mucosal folds that do not flatten out at all when the organ stretches?

A) longitudinal folds in the esophagus
B) rugae in the stomach
C) circular folds in the small intestine
D) mucosal folds in the gallbladder

Question 57

Which of the following statements about the duodenum is False?

A) It receives chyme from the stomach.
B) It is the site of action of liver and pancreas secretions.
C) It is shorter than either the ileum or jejunum.
D) It is more movable than the ileum or jejunum, which are retroperitoneal.

Question 58

The bare area of the liver

A) contains the ligamentum teres.
B) is covered with visceral peritoneum.
C) is fused with the diaphragm.
D) is on the liver's inferior and anterior surface.

Question 59

The pancreas contains all of the following regions except a

A) head.
B) tail.
C) hilum.
D) body.

Question 60

The duodenum contains these structures whose products neutralize the acidic chyme.

A) duodenal glands
B) gastric glands
C) intestinal glands
D) Peyer's patches

Question 61

Most of the gastrointestinal tract is innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system. Which parts are innervated by the somatic nervous system?

A) esophagus and stomach
B) pharynx and anal canal
C) pyloric, ileocecal, and internal anal sphincters
D) small and large intestines

Question 62

The lamina propria and submucosa of the stomach both derive from which embryonic layer?

A) ectoderm
B) intermediate mesoderm
C) splanchnic mesoderm
D) somatic mesoderm

Question 63

The splenic flexure is the boundary between the

A) spleen and stomach.
B) transverse and descending colon.
C) transverse and ascending colon.
D) descending colon and sigmoid colon.

Question 64

Some bacteria from the intestinal microbiota work their way into the intestinal wall and start to spread through the circulation. Many of these bacteria are stopped by MALT, while many more are destroyed by

A) hepatocytes.
B) hepatic macrophages.
C) the walling-off action of the greater omentum.
D) megakaryocytes.

Question 65

Which of the following is not an accessory digestive organ?

A) teeth
B) salivary gland
C) liver
D) spleen

Question 66

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enteroendocrine cells?

A) They are scattered throughout the lining epithelium of the stomach and intestines.
B) They secrete hormones that help signal the events of digestion.
C) They never secrete their product into the lumen of the digestive canal.
D) They are scattered throughout the lining of the rectum.

Question 67

Which of the following structures neither enters nor leaves the porta hepatis?

A) hepatic veins
B) branches of hepatic portal vein
C) branches of hepatic artery
D) hepatic ducts

Question 68

Which of the following is a role of the levator ani muscle in defecation?

A) It pushes down on the feces.
B) It has no role in defecation, only in inhibiting defecation (it is the external sphincter muscle).
C) It lifts the anal canal superiorly around the feces.
D) Its stretch and proprioception properties initiate the defecation reflex.

Question 69

The parietal cells in the stomach produce

A) mucin.
B) pepsin.
C) intrinsic factor and HCl.
D) secretin.

Question 70

If we say the pancreas is shaped like a tadpole, then the tadpole's head lies

A) posterior to the fundus of the stomach.
B) inside the mesentery proper.
C) in the curvature formed by the duodenum.
D) against the hilum of the spleen.

Question 71

In most cases, the accessory pancreatic duct drains into the

A) common bile duct.
B) common hepatic duct.
C) duodenum.
D) jejunum.

Question 72

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the rectum?

A) lacks tenia coli
B) has longitudinal folds called columns
C) is secondarily retroperitoneal
D) has transverse folds called rectal valves

Question 73

Disease of which structure is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults?

A) periodontal ligament
B) crown
C) enamel
D) dentin

Question 74

Of the basic digestive processes, the one in which nutrients enter capillaries is called

A) ingestion.
B) propulsion.
C) mechanical digestion.
D) absorption.

Question 75

In the stomach, the undifferentiated epithelial stem cells lie near the junction between the gastric pits and gastric glands. In the intestine, the corresponding stem cells occur

A) on the tips of the villi.
B) where the intestinal crypts meet the villi.
C) in the duodenal (Brunner's) glands.
D) deep within the intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn).

Question 76

In mastication, the relative roles of an incisor versus a molar are

A) piercing versus tearing.
B) chewing versus holding food in the mouth.
C) biting off pieces of food versus grinding.
D) only incisors function in mastication.

Question 77

The lining epithelium of the developing digestive tract (pharynx through anal canal) comes from

A) ectoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) endoderm.
D) neural crest.

Question 78

Which of the following is true of the pectinate line of the anal canal?

A) It lies just below the level of the rectal valves.
B) It is also called the anal columns.
C) It divides regions of somatic and visceral innervation.
D) All hemorrhoids occur there.

Question 79

The terminal portion of the small intestine is the

A) duodenum.
B) ileum.
C) jejunum.
D) pyloric sphincter.

Question 80

The liver and pancreas form as part of the embryonic

A) foregut.
B) midgut.
C) hindgut.
D) the hindgut and midgut.