Deck 3: Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.

A) nucleolus
B) cytoplasm
C) interstitial fluid
D) extracellular fluid

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

A) water-loving
B) hydrophilic
C) polar
D) hydrophobic

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of stratified squamous epithelium is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.

A) adenine; cytosine
B) uracil; guanine
C) thymine; guanine
D) guanine; thymine

Question 5

________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Cytoplasm

Question 6

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.

A) organelles
B) cilia
C) flagella
D) microvilli

Question 7

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.

A) mitosis
B) interphase
C) cytokinesis
D) meiosis

Question 8

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.

A) anaphase
B) interphase
C) metaphase
D) telophase

Question 9

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of cardiac muscle tissue is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 10

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ________ process.

A) active
B) passive
C) diffusion
D) filtration

Question 11

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

A) codon
B) gene
C) anticodon
D) amino acid

Question 12

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ________.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) mitochondrion
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) lysosome

Question 13

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.

A) gap junctions
B) tight junctions
C) desmosomes
D) microvilli

Question 14

The purpose of ________ is to produce two genetically identical cells.

A) interphase
B) cell division
C) DNA replication
D) protein synthesis

Question 15

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of simple squamous epithelium is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 16

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ________ fluid.

A) interstitial
B) intracellular
C) extracellular
D) nuclear

Question 17

The ________ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.

A) mitochondrion
B) cytoskeleton
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus

Question 18

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.

A) facilitated diffusion
B) endocytosis
C) solute pumping
D) osmosis

Question 19

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 20

Using Figure 3.1, match the following:
The illustration of skeletal muscle tissue is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 21

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane?

A) phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails
B) phospholipid head, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails
C) phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head
D) phospholipid tail, phospholipid head, phospholipid tail
E) phospholipid tails, phospholipid head, phospholipid head, phospholipid tails

Question 22

________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells.

A) Smooth
B) Cardiac
C) Skeletal
D) Dense regular

Question 23

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

A) The biochemical activities of cells depends on the number of their subcellular structures.
B) The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
C) Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
D) The activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activities.
E) The continuity of life has a cellular basis.

Question 24

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.

A) mitochondrion
B) Golgi apparatus
C) cytoskeleton
D) peroxisome
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

A) Endocrine
B) Adrenal
C) Thyroid
D) Exocrine

Question 26

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________.

A) organs
B) organ systems
C) tissues
D) atoms

Question 27

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________.

A) cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
B) cytosol, inclusions, and nucleoli
C) cytosol, organelles, and nucleoli
D) organelles, inclusions, and nucleoli
E) organelles, inclusions, and ribosomes

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?

A) nuclear envelope
B) nucleolus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) chromatin
E) nuclear pores

Question 29

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.

A) nucleus
B) element
C) cytoplasm
D) cell
E) organelle

Question 30

The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is ________.

A) simple columnar
B) simple cuboidal
C) pseudostratified columnar
D) simple squamous

Question 31

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) peroxisome
D) ribosome
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

A) mitochondrion
B) Golgi apparatus
C) flagellum
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) peroxisome

Question 33

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ________ tissue.

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) nervous

Question 34

The cell type found in nervous tissue is the ________.

A) fibroblast
B) osteocyte
C) neuron
D) chondrocyte

Question 35

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________.

A) transcription; translation
B) replication; mitosis
C) mitosis; cytokinesis
D) transcription; replication

Question 36

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________.

A) desmosomes
B) gap junctions
C) inclusions
D) microvilli
E) tight junctions

Question 37

The cell shown in Figure 3.2 has been placed into a(n) ________ solution.

A) hypertonic
B) hypotonic
C) isotonic
D) equilibrium

Question 38

Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ________ epithelial tissue.

A) stratified columnar
B) stratified squamous
C) pseudostratified columnar
D) simple squamous

Question 39

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

A) Adipose
B) Bone
C) Reticular
D) Dense fibrous

Question 40

Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the ________ surface.

A) basement
B) apical
C) matrix
D) attached

Question 41

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) oxygen
D) fat-soluble vitamins
E) glucose

Question 42

What is required for diffusion to occur?

A) protein carrier or channel
B) concentration gradient
C) ATP
D) solute pump
E) ribosomes

Question 43

Osmosis transports water across membranes using ________.

A) ATP
B) solute pumping
C) aquaporins
D) sodium-potassium pump
E) vesicles

Question 44

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?

A) thymine
B) adenine
C) uracil
D) cytosine
E) guanine

Question 45

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________.

A) interphase
B) mitosis
C) metaphase
D) prophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 46

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

A) prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
B) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase
C) metaphase, anaphase, prophase, telophase
D) telophase, metaphase, anaphase, prophase
E) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 47

A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ________.

A) shrink
B) plump
C) bloat
D) rupture
E) lyse

Question 48

The two major phases of protein synthesis are ________.

A) transcription and replication
B) mitosis and interphase
C) replication and translation
D) transcription and translation
E) synthesis and cytokinesis

Question 49

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________.

A) anticodons
B) deoxyribose sugars
C) codons
D) ribosomes
E) amino acids

Question 50

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.

A) utilize ATP
B) employ protein pumps
C) transport substances against their concentration gradients
D) require no ATP
E) include exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 51

Which of the following represents a segment of RNA?

A) AUGUCA
B) ATGCTA
C) TGCGTT
D) CTGTGG
E) GTCATA

Question 52

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________.

A) CAU-CGU
B) CAT-CGT
C) GAU-GCU
D) GAT-GCT
E) ACG-ATT

Question 53

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________.

A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) intravenous
D) isotonic
E) Ringer's lactate

Question 54

The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called ________.

A) active transport
B) bulk transport
C) osmosis
D) diffusion
E) filtration

Question 55

Two types of endocytosis are ________.

A) cellular secretion and solute pumping
B) solute pumping and active transport
C) active transport and phagocytosis
D) phagocytosis and pinocytosis
E) pinocytosis and passive transport

Question 56

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

A) ATP
B) protein carrier or channel
C) lysosomes
D) aquaporins
E) solute pumps

Question 57

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?

A) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
B) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport
C) vesicular transport and osmosis
D) osmosis and filtration
E) filtration and exocytosis

Question 58

DNA replication takes place during ________.

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 59

The process of transcription ________.

A) produces ATP from glucose and oxygen
B) transfers information from DNA into mRNA
C) occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
D) creates proteins from mRNA
E) translates nucleic acids into amino acids

Question 60

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________.

A) ATP
B) messenger RNA (mRNA)
C) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D) DNA
E) transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 61

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) sebaceous
D) ceruminous
E) sudoriferous

Question 62

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple squamous epithelium
D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 63

Neurons and neuroglia are components of ________.

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue
E) granulation tissue

Question 64

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?

A) epithelial tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) connective tissue
E) dense tissue

Question 65

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________.

A) epithelial tissue
B) connective tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue
E) brain tissue

Question 66

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

A) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) simple cuboidal epithelium
E) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 67

Bone is best described as ________.

A) dense connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) adipose tissue
D) areolar tissue
E) osseous tissue

Question 68

A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?

A) prophase
B) telophase
C) anaphase
D) metaphase
E) interphase

Question 69

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________.

A) muscle tissue
B) loose connective tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) dense connective tissue
E) nervous tissue

Question 70

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

A) blood
B) scar tissue
C) transitional epithelium
D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E) simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 71

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

A) ribosomes
B) smooth ER
C) flagella
D) peroxisomes
E) cytoplasm

Question 72

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.

A) cardiac muscle
B) skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
D) both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle
E) both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

Question 73

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ________.

A) simple squamous epithelium
B) simple columnar epithelium
C) simple cuboidal epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) transitional epithelium

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

A) bone
B) cartilage
C) blood
D) skeletal muscle
E) adipose

Question 75

Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are ________.

A) tight junctions
B) phagocytes
C) gap junctions
D) signet ring cells
E) desmosomes

Question 76

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue?

A) movement is involuntary and cells possess striations
B) attached to the skeleton
C) movement is voluntary and cells possess striations
D) single nucleus and spindle-shaped cells
E) multinucleate and long, cylindrical cells

Question 77

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow.

A) adipose tissue
B) dense connective tissue
C) areolar tissue
D) reticular connective tissue
E) osseous tissue

Question 78

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________.

A) adipose
B) cartilage
C) bone
D) blood
E) areolar

Question 79

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

A) adipose
B) bone
C) cartilage
D) areolar
E) reticular

Question 80

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________.

A) inflammation
B) regeneration
C) fibrosis
D) scarring
E) clotting