Deck 4: Skin and Body Membranes

Question 1

The three pigments that contribute to skin color are ________, ________, and ________.

A) collagen; elastic; keratin
B) melanin; jaundice; erythema
C) sebum; sweat; urea
D) melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The hair follicle is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Answer 2

F

Question 3

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces sweat is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The arrector pili muscle is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 5

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

A) synovial
B) serous
C) mucous
D) cutaneous

Question 6

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The layer responsible for whorled ridges on the epidermal surfaces is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 7

The layer of the serous membrane that covers an organ is known as the ________ layer.

A) bursa
B) visceral
C) lamina propria
D) parietal

Question 8

The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as ________.

A) impetigo
B) cold sores
C) psoriasis
D) contact dermatitis

Question 9

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ________.

A) lanugo
B) vernix caseosa
C) milia
D) vellus

Question 10

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue, is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 11

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________.

A) hemoglobin
B) carotene
C) keratin
D) melanin

Question 12

"Goosebumps" are caused by contractions of the ________.

A) eccrine glands
B) synovial membranes
C) arrector pili muscles
D) apocrine glands

Question 13

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

A) basale
B) granulosum
C) corneum
D) spinosum

Question 14

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 15

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts.

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) serous
D) mucous

Question 16

The type of burn that involves injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis and is red, blistered, and painful is termed as a ________-degree burn.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 17

The type of gland responsible for body temperature regulation is the ________ gland.

A) sebaceous
B) eccrine (sweat or sudoriferous)
C) apocrine (sweat or sudoriferous)
D) oil

Question 18

The part of a hair that projects from the surface of the scalp or skin is called the ________.

A) follicle
B) root
C) cuticle
D) shaft

Question 19

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

A) mucous
B) serous
C) cutaneous
D) synovial

Question 20

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ________.

A) lunule
B) cuticle
C) matrix
D) bed

Question 21

Where are mucous membranes found?

A) lining joint cavities
B) covering the heart
C) lining the inside of the stomach
D) covering the brain
E) lining the abdominal cavity wall

Question 22

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

A) epidermis
B) papillary layer of the dermis
C) subcutaneous tissue
D) reticular layer of the dermis
E) stratum corneum

Question 23

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

A) It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D.
B) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.
C) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.
D) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
E) It aids in desiccation.

Question 24

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the ________.

A) skeletal system
B) integumentary system
C) endocrine system
D) immune system
E) lymphatic system

Question 25

Synovial fluid reduces friction ________.

A) in movable joints such as the knee
B) between the visceral and parietal layers of serous membranes
C) inside the lungs
D) as the heart beats
E) around the brain

Question 26

A needle pierces through the epidermal layers of the forearm in the following order:
1) stratum basale
2) stratum corneum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum lucidum
5) stratum spinosum

A) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
B) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2
C) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
D) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
E) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

Question 27

Which of the following letters in the ABCD rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

A) A stands for asymmetry
B) B stands for border irregularity
C) C stands for color
D) D stands for diagnosis

Question 28

Which of the following kills bacteria and prevents bacterial invasions of the skin?

A) sweat
B) hemoglobin
C) keratin
D) sebum
E) melanin

Question 29

The deepest layer of the serous membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is the ________.

A) parietal pericardium
B) visceral pleura
C) synovial layer
D) visceral pericardium
E) peritoneum

Question 30

The layer of the epidermis in which cells die because of their inability to get nutrients and oxygen is the clear layer called ________.

A) stratum spinosum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum basale
D) stratum corneum
E) stratum lucidum

Question 31

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

A) synovial
B) cutaneous
C) mucous
D) serous
E) peritoneum

Question 32

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge. This substance is ________.

A) serous fluid
B) melanin
C) mucus
D) carotene
E) keratin

Question 33

People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is ________.

A) green
B) brown
C) blue
D) pink
E) orange

Question 34

The epidermis is composed of ________.

A) simple columnar epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) adipose tissue
D) areolar tissue
E) dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 35

Which of the following homeostatic imbalances is caused by a herpes simplex infection?

A) athlete's foot
B) cold sores
C) impetigo
D) contact dermatitis
E) cyanosis

Question 36

Which of the following is a connective tissue membrane?

A) synovial membrane
B) cutaneous membrane
C) mucous membrane
D) serous membrane
E) pleural membrane

Question 37

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to ________.

A) melanin
B) keratin
C) oil
D) Langerhans cells
E) sweat

Question 38

The only dry membrane is the ________.

A) synovial membrane
B) cutaneous membrane
C) mucous membrane
D) serous membrane
E) basement membrane

Question 39

The two main layers of skin are ________.

A) papillary layer and reticular layer
B) stratum basale and dermis
C) epidermis and dermis
D) stratum corneum and dermis
E) epidermis and hypodermis

Question 40

A splinter penetrates to the deepest layer of the epidermis on your foot. This layer is the ________.

A) stratum basale
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum spinosum

Question 41

The secretions of the eccrine glands are ________.

A) primarily uric acid
B) mostly water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid, and vitamin C
C) fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins
D) solely metabolic wastes
E) basic

Question 42

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated.

Question 43

The pinkish hue of healthy individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the dermis.

Question 44

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCD rule?

A) squamous cell carcinoma
B) melanoma
C) psoriasis
D) basal cell carcinoma
E) impetigo

Question 45

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

A) cyanosis
B) pallor
C) erythema
D) jaundice
E) bruising

Question 46

A genetic switch turns on male pattern baldness in response to ________.

A) age
B) size
C) weight
D) male hormones
E) female hormones

Question 47

Sebum is responsible for all of the following except ________.

A) body temperature regulation
B) makes the skin oilier during adolescence
C) kills bacteria on the skin's surface
D) keeps the skin soft and moist
E) prevents hair follicles from brittleness

Question 48

Serous membranes line and lubricate joint cavities such as the knee.

Question 49

Hairs are found associated with the ________.

A) palms of the hands
B) axillary region
C) lips
D) nipples
E) soles of the feet

Question 50

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by ________.

A) measuring urinary output and fluid intake
B) observing the tissues that are usually moist
C) blood analysis
D) using the "rule of nines"
E) performing enzyme studies

Question 51

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma?

A) a symmetrical mole
B) a pigmented spot that has smooth borders
C) a spot on the skin that is smaller than the size of a pencil eraser
D) a pigmented spot that is black
E) a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors

Question 52

In order to warm the body up when cold ________.

A) vitamin D is synthesized
B) sudoriferous glands release sweat
C) sebaceous glands release oil
D) the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright
E) melanin is produced

Question 53

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.

A) reticular layer of the dermis
B) subcutaneous tissue
C) stratum lucidum
D) hypodermis
E) papillary layer of the dermis

Question 54

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

Question 55

The dermis is composed mostly of dense connective tissue.

Question 56

The membrane shown in Figure 4.2 is a ________.

A) cutaneous membrane
B) synovial membrane
C) pericardium, a serous membrane
D) mucous membrane
E) pleura, a serous membrane

Question 57

The secretion of sweat is stimulated ________.

A) by high temperatures
B) when the air temperature drops
C) by hormones, especially male sex hormones
D) as a protective coating when one is swimming
E) both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones

Question 58

Cutaneous membranes are the only dry membranes.

Question 59

Nails are composed of ________.

A) melanin
B) hemoglobin
C) keratin
D) sebum
E) carotene

Question 60

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ________.

A) absorption
B) evaporation
C) filtration
D) diffusion
E) osmosis

Question 61

Match the following:

A) cancer of melanocytes
B) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
C) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
D) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
E) skin inflammation
F) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
G) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
H) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
I) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
J) virus that produces cold sores
K) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
Malignant melanoma

Question 62

Match the following:

A) cancer of melanocytes
B) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
C) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
D) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
E) skin inflammation
F) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
G) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
H) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
I) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
J) virus that produces cold sores
K) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
Dermatitis

Question 63

Sebaceous glands may be classified as eccrine or apocrine depending on their locations.

Question 64

Nails and hair are composed of keratin.

Question 65

The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes.

Question 66

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum.

Question 67

Milia is most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands.

Question 68

The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 69

Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree, or full-thickness, burn.

Question 70

The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.

Question 71

Sebaceous glands release sweat to help control body temperature.

Question 72

Hair is produced by the hair bulb and is composed primarily of dead keratinized cells.

Question 73

Match the following:

A) cancer of melanocytes
B) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
C) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
D) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
E) skin inflammation
F) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
G) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
H) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
I) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
J) virus that produces cold sores
K) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
Basal cell carcinoma

Question 74

Collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin.

Question 75

Match the following:

A) cancer of melanocytes
B) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
C) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
D) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
E) skin inflammation
F) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
G) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
H) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
I) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
J) virus that produces cold sores
K) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
Dandruff

Question 76

The pattern that produces fingerprints is produced by dermal papillae in the dermis.

Question 77

Match the following:

A) cancer of melanocytes
B) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
C) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
D) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
E) skin inflammation
F) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
G) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
H) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
I) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
J) virus that produces cold sores
K) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
Herpes simplex

Question 78

The ABCD rule is used for classifying burns.

Question 79

The rule of nines is used to estimate how much of the body surface is burned.

Question 80

Apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color.