Deck 6: The Muscular System

Question 1

A smooth, sustained contraction is called ________.

A) fused, or complete, tetanus
B) a twitch
C) unfused, or incomplete, tetanus
D) summing of contractions

Answer 1

A

Question 2

One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________.

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) motor unit
C) synaptic cleft
D) neuromuscular junction

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Striated involuntary muscle tissue is classified as ________ muscle.

A) skeletal
B) cardiac
C) smooth
D) either smooth or skeletal

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________.

A) isotonic contractions
B) twitches
C) isometric contractions
D) resistance exercises

Question 5

Anaerobic glycolysis requires ________ to make ATP.

A) creatine phosphate
B) oxygen
C) glucose
D) both oxygen and glucose

Question 6

Using Figure 6.1, match the following:
The A band within a skeletal muscle fiber is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 7

Using Figure 6.1, match the following:
The H zone, located within the A band, lacks thin filaments and is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 8

The point of muscle attachment to an immovable or less movable bone is known as the ________.

A) innervation
B) action
C) insertion
D) origin

Question 9

When a skeletal muscle is fully contracted, the ________ are closer to the thick filaments.

A) Z discs
B) M lines
C) cross bridges
D) A bands

Question 10

Using Figure 6.1, match the following:
The myofilament composed of actin is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 11

Using Figure 6.1, match the following:
The I band within a skeletal muscle fiber is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 12

The gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber it supplies at the neuromuscular junction is called the ________.

A) synaptic cleft
B) motor unit
C) cross bridge
D) H zone

Question 13

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
The muscle fiber (cell) is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 14

The heads of the myosin myofilaments are called ________ when they link the thick and thin filaments together during skeletal muscle contraction.

A) neuromuscular junctions
B) synapses
C) cross bridges
D) motor units

Question 15

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
The perimysium wraps a fascicle of muscle cells and is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 16

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
The endomysium that wraps individual muscle fibers is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 17

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________.

A) elasticity
B) irritability
C) contractility
D) extensibility

Question 18

The ________ is an organelle that wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium.

A) cross bridge
B) sarcomere
C) sarcolemma
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 19

Using Figure 6.2, match the following:
The epimysium is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D

Question 20

The epimysium covering on the outside of the muscle can blend into cordlike ________ or sheetlike ________.

A) tendons; aponeuroses
B) ligaments; tendons
C) fascia; ligaments
D) aponeuroses; ligaments

Question 21

The arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is ________.

A) circular
B) convergent
C) pennate
D) fusiform

Question 22

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

A) sarcolemma
B) sarcomere
C) myofilament
D) sarcoplasm
E) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Muscles that perform opposite actions to one another are termed ________.

A) synergists
B) prime movers
C) antagonists
D) fixators

Question 24

The hamstring group is the prime mover of thigh ________ and knee ________.

A) extension; flexion
B) dorsiflexion; plantar flexion
C) abduction; adduction
D) rotation; circumduction

Question 25

Striated involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart is ________.

A) smooth muscle
B) skeletal muscle
C) dense regular
D) cardiac muscle
E) dense irregular

Question 26

The muscle that closes each eye is the ________.

A) orbicularis oris
B) frontalis
C) orbicularis oculi
D) zygomaticus

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system?

A) production of movement
B) maintenance of posture
C) stabilization of joints
D) generation of heat
E) hematopoiesis

Question 28

Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction?

A) calcium increases the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma
B) calcium releases the inhibition on Z discs
C) calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin
D) calcium causes ATP binding to actin
E) calcium binds to regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the thick filaments

Question 29

An inherited disease that causes muscles to degenerate and atrophy is known as ________.

A) torticollis
B) muscular dystrophy
C) cystic fibrosis
D) myasthenia gravis

Question 30

Which type of muscle tissue contracts most quickly upon stimulation?

A) skeletal
B) visceral
C) cardiac
D) smooth
E) tendons

Question 31

Cross bridges are created when myosin heads bind to ________.

A) thick filaments
B) sarcomeres
C) thin filaments
D) sarcoplasmic reticula
E) myosin filaments

Question 32

Acetylcholine is ________.

A) an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane
B) a source of energy for muscle contraction
C) a component of thick myofilaments
D) an oxygen-binding protein
E) a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle

Question 33

Endomysium covers ________.

A) fascicles of muscle cells
B) an entire muscle
C) an individual muscle cell
D) myofibrils
E) smooth muscle only

Question 34

A sarcomere is ________.

A) the nonfunctional unit of skeletal muscle
B) the contractile unit between two Z discs
C) the area between two intercalated discs
D) the wavy lines on the cell, as seen in a microscope
E) a compartment in a myofilament

Question 35

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates are termed a ________.

A) myofilament
B) synaptic cleft
C) motor unit
D) neuromuscular junction
E) neurotransmitter

Question 36

The type of muscle tissue pictured in Figure 6.3 is ________.

A) skeletal muscle
B) voluntary
C) striated
D) found only in the heart
E) smooth muscle

Question 37

The prime mover of arm abduction is the ________ muscle.

A) trapezius
B) deltoid
C) latissimus dorsi
D) quadratus lumborum

Question 38

The mechanical force of contraction is generated by ________.

A) shortening of the thick filaments
B) shortening of the thin filaments
C) a sliding of thin filaments past thick filaments
D) the "accordian-like" folding of thin and thick filaments
E) the temporary disappearance of thin filaments

Question 39

Which one of the following is composed of myosin protein?

A) thick filaments
B) thin filaments
C) all myofilaments
D) Z discs
E) light bands

Question 40

Smooth muscle cells are ________.

A) multinucleate
B) involuntary
C) branched
D) striated
E) cylindrical

Question 41

In order to excite a muscle cell, acetycholine must ________.

A) enter the muscle cell by endocytosis
B) travel into the axon terminal of the nerve cell by endocytosis
C) enter the muscle cell through protein channels
D) bind to receptors in the sarcolemma of the muscle cell
E) break down acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft

Question 42

Which of these muscles is a synergist to masseter?

A) sternocleidomastoid
B) temporalis
C) trapezius
D) buccinator
E) orbicularis oris

Question 43

Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation from a nerve impulse by the ________.

A) myofibrils
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) thick filaments
D) axon terminals of the motor neuron
E) sarcolemma of the muscle cell

Question 44

An elaborate and specialized network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that function in calcium storage is the ________.

A) sarcolemma
B) mitochondria
C) intermediate filament network
D) myofibrillar network
E) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of an isometric contraction?

A) shaking the head as to say "no"
B) pushing against an immovable wall
C) bending the elbow
D) rotating the arm
E) nodding the head as to say "yes"

Question 46

The least movable point of muscle attachment to a bone is termed its ________.

A) bone marking
B) function
C) insertion
D) action
E) origin

Question 47

During skeletal muscle contraction, myosin heads attach to binding sites associated with ________.

A) myosin filaments
B) actin filaments
C) Z discs
D) thick filaments
E) the H zone

Question 48

Which of the following can actually shorten during a muscle contraction?

A) myosin filament
B) A band
C) actin filament
D) sarcomere
E) myofilament

Question 49

Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers ________.

A) flexor carpi radialis
B) flexor carpi ulnaris
C) extensor digitorum
D) extensor digitorum longus
E) extensor carpi radialis

Question 50

Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle cells by ________.

A) forming a temporary chemical compound with myosin
B) forming a chemical compound with actin
C) inducing a conformational change in the myofilaments
D) storing energy that will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed
E) storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize ADP as needed

Question 51

Which of the following muscles closes the jaw?

A) buccinator
B) zygomaticus
C) frontalis
D) sternocleidomastoid
E) both masseter and temporalis

Question 52

Anaerobic glycolysis occurs without ________.

A) ATP
B) oxygen
C) lactic acid
D) carbon dioxide
E) glucose

Question 53

The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ________.

A) motor unit
B) sarcomere
C) neuromuscular junction
D) synaptic cleft
E) cross bridge

Question 54

A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the ________.

A) pectoralis major
B) occipitalis
C) gastrocnemius
D) gluteus medius
E) latissimus dorsi

Question 55

The movement opposite to abduction is ________.

A) flexion
B) rotation
C) circumduction
D) adduction
E) supination

Question 56

Which of these events must occur first to trigger the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract?

A) sodium ions rush into the cell
B) acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to sodium
C) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell
D) operation of the sodium-potassium pump
E) acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 57

Which muscle helps compress the abdominal contents during defecation or childbirth?

A) internal intercostals
B) deltoids
C) trapezius
D) iliopsoas
E) rectus abdominis

Question 58

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the ________.

A) platysma
B) masseter
C) zygomaticus
D) buccinator
E) temporalis

Question 59

A skeletal muscle twitch differs from a tetanic contraction in that ________.

A) the tetanic contraction is considered abnormal, while the twitch is a normal muscle response
B) the tetanic contraction is caused by a single stimulus, while the twitch is caused by very rapid multiple stimuli
C) the muscle twitch is prolonged and continuous while a tetanic contraction is brief and "jerky"
D) the muscle twitch occurs only in small muscles while a tetanic contraction occurs in large muscle groups
E) the muscle twitch is a brief and "jerky" movement, while the tetanic contraction is prolonged and continuous

Question 60

The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be best explained by ________.

A) the all-or-none law
B) the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback regulation of synthesis
C) insufficient intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption
D) a total lack of ATP
E) inadequate numbers of mitochondria

Question 61

Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?

A) deltoid
B) biceps brachii
C) triceps brachii
D) latissimus dorsi
E) pectoralis major

Question 62

The sarcoplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases calcium.

Question 63

Which muscle group includes the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus?

A) abdominal muscles
B) quadriceps group
C) adductor group
D) fibularis muscles
E) hamstring group

Question 64

Which muscle is an antagonist to gastrocnemius?

A) sartorius
B) tibialis anterior
C) fibularis brevis
D) fibularis longus
E) soleus

Question 65

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the hip ________.

A) biceps femoris
B) gastrocnemius
C) tibialis anterior
D) soleus
E) iliopsoas

Question 66

What is the main function of the quadriceps group?

A) arm flexion
B) hand supination
C) thigh abduction
D) knee extension
E) foot inversion

Question 67

The neurotransmitter used by the nervous system to activate skeletal muscle cells is acetylcholine.

Question 68

Which one of the following is NOT a criterion generally used in naming muscles?

A) relative size of the muscle
B) number of origins of the muscle
C) shape of the muscle
D) method of attachment of the muscle to bone
E) action of the muscle

Question 69

The striations seen in skeletal muscle are actually alternating dark A and light I bands.

Question 70

Bundles of muscle fibers are known as aponeuroses.

Question 71

All types of muscle have endomysium covering individual muscle cells.

Question 72

What condition results if muscles are not used, such as when immobilized in a cast for healing a broken bone?

A) hypertrophy
B) lordosis
C) atrophy
D) spina bifida
E) scoliosis

Question 73

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.

A) extension
B) flexion
C) abduction
D) adduction
E) circumduction

Question 74

A neuromuscular junction consists of one neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates.

Question 75

A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________.

A) antagonist only
B) fixator only
C) synergist only
D) antagonist and synergist
E) antagonist and fixator

Question 76

Cardiac and skeletal muscle both possess striations.

Question 77

Which of the following muscles are antagonists?

A) biceps brachii and triceps brachii
B) bicpes femoris and biceps brachii
C) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis
D) masseter and temporalis
E) gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 78

What is the origin of the deltoid muscle?

A) proximal radius
B) proximal humerus
C) distal humerus
D) olecranon process of ulna
E) scapular spine and clavicle

Question 79

Aerobic respiration requires the use of oxygen to generate ATP.

Question 80

Thick filaments are made of a protein called actin.