Deck 9: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The glands situated around the thyroid gland that operate entirely under humoral control are represented by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label F
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label G

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________.

A) direct gene activation
B) the second-messenger system
C) steroid hormone action
D) diffusion

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label B
D) Label G
E) Label F

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the ________ gland.

A) adrenal
B) pineal
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 5

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland are indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label E
C) Label I
D) Label F
E) Label C

Question 6

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces thymosin is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label J
C) Label D
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 7

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that hangs from a stalk from the hypothalamus is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label J
C) Label E
D) Label F
E) Label I

Question 8

The most common stimulus for prodding endocrine glands into action is ________.

A) hormonal
B) humoral
C) neural
D) direct gene activation

Question 9

The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ________ and ________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.

A) oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) cortisol; aldosterone
C) growth hormone; prolactin
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH); prolactin

Question 10

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The thymus is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label H
C) Label F
D) Label J
E) Label A

Question 11

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The glands that produce catecholamines are indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label I
C) Label G
D) Label E
E) Label F

Question 12

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label A
C) Label D
D) Label E
E) Label J

Question 13

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary is indicated by ________.

A) Label B
B) Label D
C) Label J
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 14

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces melatonin is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 15

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The pineal gland is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label D
C) Label F
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 16

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces testosterone is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label F
C) Label E
D) Label J
E) Label A

Question 17

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The gland that is the major producer of female hormones is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label F
C) Label J
D) Label I
E) Label H

Question 18

Using Figure 9.1, identify the following:
The pancreas is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label E
C) Label I
D) Label A
E) Label B

Question 19

Alcohol suppresses the production of this hormone, ________, which normally promotes water retention and prevents dehydration.

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) aldosterone
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) cortisol

Question 20

The endocrine gland most closely associated with the hypothalamus is the ________.

A) thymus
B) pineal gland
C) thyroid gland
D) pituitary gland

Question 21

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

A) follicle
B) parafollicular
C) beta
D) alpha

Question 22

A hormone produced by the heart, known as ________, prevents the release of aldosterone in order to reduce blood volume and blood pressure.

A) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
B) cortisol
C) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) glucagon

Question 23

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

A) nervous system
B) immune system
C) endocrine system
D) integumentary system
E) muscular system

Question 24

A hormone called ________ is believed to play an important role in establishing the body's day-night cycle.

A) thymosin
B) cortisol
C) melatonin
D) aldosterone

Question 25

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland.

A) mineralocorticoids
B) glucocorticoids
C) sex hormones
D) catecholamines

Question 26

Polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria are the three cardinal signs of a disease known as ________.

A) diabetes insipidus
B) hypoglycemia
C) diabetes mellitus
D) goiter

Question 27

A hormone called ________ plays an important role in incubating a special group of white blood cells.

A) cortisol
B) thymosin
C) glucagon
D) melatonin

Question 28

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

A) insulin; glucagon
B) glucagon; insulin
C) cortisol; glucagon
D) epinephrine; cortisol

Question 29

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

A) epinephrine
B) glucagon
C) insulin
D) growth hormone

Question 30

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone?

A) oxytocin
B) estrogen
C) adrenocorticoids
D) testosterone
E) mineralocorticoids

Question 31

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________.

A) diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells
B) catalyze cyclic AMP
C) enter the nucleus
D) bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus
E) activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis

Question 32

Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood.

A) iron; magnesium
B) calcium; phosphorus
C) water; glucose
D) sodium; potassium

Question 33

The hormone produced by male testes which is responsible for sperm production is ________.

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) testosterone
D) prolactin

Question 34

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________.

A) estrogens
B) glucocorticoids
C) androgens
D) mineralocorticoids

Question 35

Prostaglandins are ________.

A) amino acid-based hormones
B) steroid hormones
C) lipid hormones manufactured in the plasma membranes of cells
D) glycerol hormones
E) target organs

Question 36

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called ________.

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 37

Catecholamines are released by the ________.

A) pancreas
B) thyroid gland
C) adrenal cortex
D) adrenal medulla

Question 38

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.

A) Addison's disease
B) Graves' disease
C) Cushing's disease
D) goiter

Question 39

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells?

A) plasma membrane permeability changes
B) cellular mutations occur
C) enzymes are activated or inactivated
D) mitosis is stimulated
E) proteins are synthesized in the cell

Question 40

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in ________.

A) Cushing's syndrome
B) Graves' disease
C) diabetes insipidus
D) Addison's disease

Question 41

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine?

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) gonadotropic hormones
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 42

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.

A) calcitonin and thyroid hormone
B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) thyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
E) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 43

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________.

A) pituitary dwarfism
B) Cushing's disease
C) acromegaly
D) myxedema
E) gigantism

Question 44

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

A) prolactin
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 45

Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called ________.

A) hormonal stimulus
B) humoral stimulus
C) neural stimulus
D) receptor-mediated stimulus
E) steroid stimulus

Question 46

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ________.

A) parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) glucagon
D) oxytocin
E) prolactin (PRL)

Question 47

Which hormone is alternately known as vasopressin due to its effect on blood vessel diameter and blood pressure?

A) oxytocin
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
D) growth hormone (GH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 48

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

A) thyrotropic hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH)
B) prolactin
C) growth hormone (GH)
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 49

The body's major metabolic hormone is called ________.

A) prolactin
B) growth hormone
C) adrenaline
D) thyroid hormone
E) calcitonin

Question 50

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.

A) luteinizing hormone (LH)
B) prolactin
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) progesterone
E) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 51

The thyroid gland is located ________.

A) on top of the kidneys
B) directly below the Adam's apple
C) within the mediastinum
D) within the pancreas
E) within the parathyroid glands

Question 52

Where is calcitonin made?

A) hypothalamus
B) parafollicular cells of the parathyroid gland
C) anterior pituitary
D) parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
E) follicular cells of the thyroid gland

Question 53

Most hormones are ________.

A) regulated by a positive feedback mechanism
B) classified as steroids
C) released upon stimulation by other hormones
D) controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients
E) able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells

Question 54

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age and shows signs of mental retardation. What disorder do you suspect?

A) goiter
B) pituitary dwarfism
C) myxedema
D) exophthalmos
E) cretinism

Question 55

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

A) T₃ and T₄
B) calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C) oxytocin and prolactin
D) insulin and glucagon
E) melatonin and glucocorticoids

Question 56

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

A) sex hormones
B) aldosterone
C) cortisone
D) glucocorticoids
E) epinephrine

Question 57

Tropic hormones ________.

A) stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones
B) stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones
C) stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
D) stimulate nervous tissue
E) stimulate prostaglandins

Question 58

The element necessary in the diet for proper thyroid function is ________.

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) iodine
E) bromine

Question 59

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in maintaining breast milk production in a mother's breasts?

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormone
B) growth hormone and glucagon
C) prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin
D) parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormone
E) prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 60

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) adrenal gland
D) posterior pituitary gland
E) thyroid gland

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?

A) maintenance of pregnancy
B) deepening of the voice
C) growth of facial hair
D) sperm production
E) development of heavy bones and muscles

Question 62

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) thymus
C) parathyroid glands
D) adrenal cortex
E) posterior pituitary

Question 63

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?

A) glucocorticoids
B) epinephrine
C) growth hormone
D) insulin
E) glucagon

Question 64

Glucocorticoids do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) help resist long-term stress
B) increase blood glucose levels
C) decrease edema
D) suppress inflammation
E) regulate salt content of the blood

Question 65

Which hormone is produced by the placenta that stimulates the ovaries to continue producing estrogen and progesterone?

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) prolactin
E) oxytocin

Question 66

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is ________.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) progesterone
D) glucagon
E) thyroxine

Question 67

Which hormones regulate the female's menstrual cycle?

A) estrogens and progesterone
B) thymosin and melatonin
C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and aldosterone
D) androgens and testosterone
E) cholecystokinin and secretin

Question 68

Testosterone can be categorized as a(n) ________ hormone.

A) amine
B) glycoprotein
C) peptide
D) protein
E) steroid

Question 69

Estrogens do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics in females
B) stimulate growth of facial hair
C) stimulate menstruation
D) help maintain pregnancy
E) prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized egg

Question 70

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following does NOT match her signs or symptoms?

A) bronze skin tone
B) high blood pressure and edema
C) weak muscles
D) hypoglycemia
E) inability to cope with stress

Question 71

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________.

A) cortisone
B) renin
C) cortisol
D) vasopressin
E) angiotensin

Question 72

Which hormone works against glucagon?

A) epinephrine
B) aldosterone
C) insulin
D) cortisol
E) glucocorticoids

Question 73

The hormone responsible for the maturation of white blood cells known as T lymphocytes is ________.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) aldosterone
D) progesterone
E) thyroxine

Question 74

The pineal gland produces ________.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) estrogen
D) insulin
E) cortisol

Question 75

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release?

A) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
B) dilation of the small passages of the lungs
C) increased heart rate
D) decreased blood pressure
E) increased blood glucose levels

Question 76

Insulin is produced by cells of the pancreatic islets called ________.

A) alpha cells
B) beta cells
C) delta cells
D) gamma cells
E) theta cells

Question 77

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

A) polyuria
B) polydipsia
C) moon face
D) polyphagia
E) acidosis

Question 78

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________.

A) reabsorb potassium
B) reabsorb sodium
C) reabsorb calcium
D) reabsorb iodine
E) reabsorb hydrogen

Question 79

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ________.

A) are protein hormones
B) are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
C) promote the formation of sex cells
D) are produced in equal amounts in both males and females
E) are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones

Question 80

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________.

A) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) prolactin
C) growth hormone (GH)
D) epinephrine
E) melatonin