Deck 11: The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.

A) pulmonary
B) atrioventricular (AV)
C) aortic
D) semilunar

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed.

A) relax
B) open
C) contract
D) dilate

Question 5

The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.

A) systemic
B) cardiac
C) pulmonary
D) coronary

Question 6

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 7

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The bundle branches are indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 8

The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________.

A) left atrioventricular groove
B) interatrial septum
C) interventricular septum
D) right atrioventricular groove

Question 9

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) fibrous pericardium
D) endocardium

Question 10

Using Figure 11.1, identify the following:
The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 11

The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.

A) pacemaker
B) pericardial cavity
C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His)
D) auricle

Question 12

The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve.

A) mitral
B) pulmonary
C) semilunar
D) aortic

Question 13

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.

A) base
B) mediastinum
C) apex
D) pericardium

Question 14

The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________.

A) chordae tendineae
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) myocardium

Question 15

The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.

A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle

Question 16

Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.

A) pulmonary trunk
B) aorta
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus

Question 17

Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.

A) pulmonary arteries
B) pulmonary veins
C) coronary arteries
D) venae cavae

Question 18

The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.

A) pulmonary vein
B) inferior vena cava
C) superior vena cava
D) coronary sinus

Question 19

The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________.

A) pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) myocardium

Question 20

The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.

A) ventricles; atria
B) atria; ventricles
C) arteries; veins
D) veins; arteries

Question 21

The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.

A) 35
B) 50
C) 75
D) 105

Question 22

The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 0.8
D) 0.3

Question 23

Capillary beds are drained by vessels known as ________.

A) venules
B) venae cavae
C) arterioles
D) arteries

Question 24

The organs served by the renal arteries and veins are the ________.

A) ovaries
B) kidneys
C) testes
D) lungs

Question 25

Branches of the common carotid arteries, known as the ________, travel through the neck into the skull through the temporal bone to supply the brain and cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) with blood.

A) external carotid arteries
B) internal carotid arteries
C) brachiocephalic trunk
D) subclavian arteries

Question 26

Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart.

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) common iliac vein
D) great saphenous vein

Question 27

The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________.

A) heart rate (HR)
B) stroke volume (SV)
C) cardiac output (CO)
D) blood pressure (BP)

Question 28

The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave.

A) QRS
B) T
C) P
D) S-T

Question 29

The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________.

A) heart rate to decrease
B) heart rate to increase, then decrease
C) heart rate to increase
D) blood pressure to increase

Question 30

The term that means heart contraction is ________.

A) diastole
B) tachycardia
C) systole
D) fibrillation

Question 31

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ________.

A) arteries
B) capillaries
C) veins
D) venae cavae

Question 32

Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins.

A) systemic
B) hepatic
C) coronary
D) pulmonary

Question 33

The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________.

A) hepatic vein
B) hepatic portal vein
C) renal vein
D) inferior vena cava

Question 34

Tunica ________, the middle layer of a typical blood vessel, contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

A) intima
B) externa
C) media
D) adventitia

Question 35

The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.

A) semilunar
B) pulmonary
C) atrioventricular (AV)
D) aortic

Question 36

The longest veins in the body drain the leg and are the ________.

A) femoral veins
B) great saphenous veins
C) venae cavae
D) anterior and posterior tibial veins

Question 37

The flow of blood through a capillary bed is called ________.

A) pulmonary circulation
B) hepatic portal circulation
C) systemic circulation
D) microcirculation

Question 38

The largest artery in the body is the ________.

A) brachiocephalic artery
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) common carotid artery

Question 39

Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

A) tunics
B) sphincters
C) valves
D) shunts

Question 40

During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.

A) ventricles
B) lungs
C) aorta
D) pulmonary trunk

Question 41

The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.

A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery
D) left ventricle and aorta
E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

Question 42

The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.

A) aorta
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) interventricular septum

Question 43

Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.

A) body
B) digestive organs
C) skin
D) lungs
E) brain

Question 44

Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) pulmonary artery
E) pulmonary vein

Question 45

What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?

A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) fossa ovalis
C) chordae tendineae
D) interatrial septum
E) coronary sulcus

Question 46

The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a(n) ________.

A) cardiac output
B) pulse
C) pressure point
D) stroke volume

Question 47

Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________.

A) hypertension (high blood pressure)
B) orthostatic hypotension
C) circulatory shock
D) myocardial infarction

Question 48

Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed.

A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure
B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure
C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure
D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure

Question 49

The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________.

A) ductus arteriosus
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus venosus
D) foramen ovale

Question 50

Pulmonary arteries transport ________.

A) oxygenated blood to the lungs
B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
C) oxygenated blood to the heart
D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta
E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart

Question 51

The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________.

A) hepatic portal vein
B) umbilical vein
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical artery

Question 52

The pressure that draws fluid into capillaries since blood has a higher solute concentration than interstitial fluid is known as ________.

A) blood pressure
B) systolic pressure
C) osmotic pressure
D) diastolic pressure

Question 53

When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________.

A) right ventricle to the right atrium
B) left ventricle to the left atrium
C) left atrium to the right atrium
D) right atrium to the left atrium
E) left ventricle to the right ventricle

Question 54

Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?

A) mitral valve
B) aortic semilunar valve
C) bicuspid valve
D) pulmonary semilunar valve
E) tricuspid valve

Question 55

The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.

A) myocardium
B) endocardium
C) epicardium
D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
E) either endocardium or epicardium

Question 56

Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery?

A) circumflex and marginal arteries
B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries
C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries
D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries

Question 57

The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________.

A) mediastinum
B) hiatus
C) pleural cavity
D) hilus
E) diaphragm

Question 58

The narrowing of blood vessels is known as ________.

A) vasodilation
B) diastole
C) vasoconstriction
D) systole

Question 59

What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium?

A) interventricular septum
B) interatrial septum
C) bicuspid valve
D) tricuspid valve
E) chordae tendineae

Question 60

The left atrium receives blood from the ________.

A) pulmonary arteries
B) superior vena cava
C) aorta
D) pulmonary veins
E) inferior vena cava

Question 61

The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________.

A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 62

You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________.

A) atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) left bundle branch
D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle
E) sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 63

Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta?

A) right subclavian artery
B) left internal carotid artery
C) right pulmonary artery
D) left brachiocephalic artery
E) right and left coronary arteries

Question 64

Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole?

A) atrioventricular valves close
B) heart is relaxed
C) blood rushes out of the ventricles
D) pressure in ventricles rises
E) semilunar valves open

Question 65

The internal iliac vein empties blood directly into the ________.

A) femoral vein
B) common iliac vein
C) superior vena cava
D) hepatic portal vein
E) external iliac vein

Question 66

Veins ________.

A) carry blood away from the heart
B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles
C) transport oxygen-rich blood
D) operate under high pressure
E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 67

The mitral valve is normally closed ________.

A) when the ventricle is in diastole
B) when the ventricle is in systole
C) when the atrium is contracting
D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle
E) when the ventricle is relaxed

Question 68

The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________.

A) cardiac output
B) cardiac cycle
C) stroke volume
D) heart rate
E) diastolic pressure

Question 69

Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava?

A) brachiocephalic vein
B) renal vein
C) hepatic portal vein
D) common iliac vein
E) great saphenous vein

Question 70

Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) veins
E) venules

Question 71

A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________.

A) 4500 mL/minute
B) 1.25 mL/minute
C) 0.8 mL/minute
D) 6000 mL/minute
E) 120 mL/minute

Question 72

Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart?

A) coronary sulcus
B) coronary artery
C) coronary sinus
D) circumflex artery
E) pulmonary vein

Question 73

The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________.

A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

Question 74

Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches
D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Question 75

The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________.

A) armpit
B) groin
C) neck
D) abdomen
E) leg

Question 76

Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm?

A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery
B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery
C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery
D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries
E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery

Question 77

Which of the following increases heart rate?

A) low levels of calcium
B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation
C) vagus nerve stimulation
D) cold
E) epinephrine

Question 78

Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch?

A) brachiocephalic artery
B) left subclavian artery
C) left common carotid artery
D) right common carotid artery
E) thoracic aorta

Question 79

The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.

A) opening of the heart valves
B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system
C) blood rushing through the chambers
D) closure of heart valves
E) contraction of the heart

Question 80

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?

A) splenic artery
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) celiac artery
D) femoral artery
E) hepatic artery