Deck 14: The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

Question 1

The process of physically and chemically breaking food particles down is referred to as ________.

A) digestion
B) defecation
C) ingestion
D) absorption

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The appendix is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label F
C) Label D
D) Label G
E) Label H

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The tongue is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label B
D) Label A
E) Label C

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The esophagus is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label A
E) Label G

Question 5

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The gallbladder is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label E
C) Label D
D) Label F
E) Label I

Question 6

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The pancreas is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label E
C) Label G
D) Label M
E) Label L

Question 7

The innermost layer of the alimentary canal is referred to as the ________.

A) serosa
B) submucosa
C) mucosa
D) muscularis externa

Question 8

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The anus is indicated by ________.

A) Label K
B) Label L
C) Label M
D) Label O
E) Label G

Question 9

The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________.

A) solar; sympathetic
B) submucosa; myenteric
C) autonomic; somatic
D) mucosa; submucosa

Question 10

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The stomach is indicated by ________.

A) Label K
B) Label M
C) Label L
D) Label O
E) Label N

Question 11

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The small intestine is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label J
C) Label D
D) Label F
E) Label G

Question 12

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The rectum is indicated by ________.

A) Label O
B) Label N
C) Label K
D) Label I
E) Label J

Question 13

The ________ sphincter, or valve, controls food movement from the stomach into the small intestine.

A) ileocecal
B) cardioesophageal
C) pyloric
D) anal

Question 14

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The pharynx is indicated by ________.

A) Label N
B) Label F
C) Label K
D) Label M
E) Label L

Question 15

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The mouth (oral cavity) is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 16

The ________ runs from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the stomach.

A) trachea
B) esophagus
C) larynx
D) small intestine

Question 17

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The spleen is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label E
C) Label K
D) Label G
E) Label F

Question 18

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The salivary glands are indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label L
C) Label M
D) Label N
E) Label O

Question 19

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The liver is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label E
D) Label G
E) Label L

Question 20

Using Figure 14.1, identify the following:
The large intestine is indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label L
C) Label K
D) Label M
E) Label N

Question 21

The three subdivisions of the small intestine are ________.

A) cecum, colon, rectum
B) duodenum, jejunum, ileum
C) cardiac, body, pylorus
D) ileum, cecum, rectum

Question 22

Cells abundant within the large intestine that produce large amounts of lubricating mucus to aid in the passage of feces to the end of the digestive tract are called ________.

A) parietal cells
B) chief cells
C) goblet cells
D) enteroendocrine cells

Question 23

The portion of the tooth embedded in the jawbone is the ________.

A) neck
B) enamel
C) crown
D) root

Question 24

The number of baby teeth a child has is ________.

A) 12
B) 20
C) 28
D) 32

Question 25

The hormone responsible for promoting the release of pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach is called ________.

A) insulin
B) cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) gastrin
D) secretin

Question 26

Deep folds of both the mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine that increase surface are known as ________.

A) circular folds (plicae circulares)
B) microvilli
C) haustra
D) villi

Question 27

Two hormones that promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine are ________.

A) secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
B) gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP); histamine
C) somatostatin; secretin
D) gastrin; histamine

Question 28

The process of eliminating indigestible residues from the GI tract is called ________.

A) deglutition
B) segmentation
C) mastication
D) defecation

Question 29

Intrinsic factor, produced by cells in the stomach, is necessary for the absorption of vitamin ________ in the small intestine.

A) B₉
B) B₃
C) B₆
D) B₁₂

Question 30

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ________.

A) pepsin
B) rennin
C) amylase
D) peptidase

Question 31

The process of chewing is known as ________.

A) deglutition
B) segmentation
C) peristalsis
D) mastication

Question 32

The enzyme produced by the salivary glands used in the breakdown of starches is salivary ________.

A) chymotrypsin
B) nuclease
C) amylase
D) lipase

Question 33

Large wrinkle-like folds in the stomach lining, present when the stomach is empty, that allow for expansion when the stomach is filling are called ________.

A) villi
B) haustra
C) microvilli
D) rugae

Question 34

When digestion is not occurring in the small intestine, bile is stored in the ________.

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) spleen

Question 35

The hormones secretin and cholecystokinin target the pancreas, ________, and ________ to release pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine for digestion.

A) gallbladder, stomach
B) liver, spleen
C) stomach, spleen
D) gallbladder, liver

Question 36

The ________ reflex inhibits the stomach's activities and slows the emptying of the stomach.

A) rooting
B) enterogastric
C) sucking
D) defecation

Question 37

The active, voluntary process of placing food in one's mouth is ________.

A) defecation
B) ingestion
C) mastication
D) deglutition

Question 38

Bile is formed by the ________.

A) spleen
B) liver
C) gallbladder
D) pancreas

Question 39

When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ________ reflex is initiated.

A) defecation
B) sucking
C) enterogastric
D) rooting

Question 40

The fingerlike projections of the small intestine increase the surface area and are known as ________.

A) haustra
B) cilia
C) villi
D) rugae

Question 41

The energy value of foods is measured in units called ________.

A) BMI
B) Hertz
C) kilocalories (kcal) or Calories
D) Joules

Question 42

________ refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life.

A) Digestion
B) Metabolism
C) Homeostasis
D) Nutrition

Question 43

Sugars and starches are types of organic compounds known as ________.

A) nucleic acids
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) carbohydrates

Question 44

Which one of the following represents the correct order through which food passes in the alimentary canal?

A) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
B) mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
C) pharynx, mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine
D) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
E) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small intestine, stomach, large intestine

Question 45

What protects the anterior opening of the mouth?

A) uvula
B) nares
C) labia
D) teeth
E) salivary glands

Question 46

The major fuel for making ATP in most cells of the body is a type of carbohydrate known as ________.

A) cellulose
B) glucose
C) starch
D) saturated fat

Question 47

The process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as fats and proteins, is known as ________.

A) glycogenolysis
B) gluconeogenesis
C) glycolysis
D) glycogenesis

Question 48

Which one of the following is continuous with the esophagus?

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) linguopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) esophagopharynx

Question 49

What do the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach produce?

A) pepsin
B) hydrochloric acid
C) intrinsic factor
D) gastrin
E) gastric juice

Question 50

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the GI tract that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) visceral peritoneum
D) muscularis externa
E) parietal peritoneum

Question 51

Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen to ________.

A) acid
B) rennin
C) pepsin
D) rugae
E) gastrin

Question 52

The reflex that helps babies hold onto a breast (or bottle) and swallow is the ________ reflex.

A) flexor
B) rooting
C) enterogastric
D) sucking

Question 53

Fat oxidation products can acidify the blood, a condition known as ________.

A) cirrhosis
B) alkalosis
C) acidosis or ketoacidosis
D) hepatitis

Question 54

The three main metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration are ________.

A) gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, glycogenolysis
B) anaerobic, aerobic, and fermentation
C) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
D) lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation, glycolysis

Question 55

The lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and other lipids to body cells is called ________.

A) high-density lipoprotein or HDL
B) low-density lipoprotein or LDL
C) vitamin D
D) cortisol

Question 56

The submucosal and myenteric nerve plexuses that help regulate the mobility and secretory activity of the GI tract organs are both part of the ________.

A) somatic nervous system
B) autonomic nervous system
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) fight-or-flight mechanism
E) central nervous system

Question 57

The fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements is called the ________.

A) lingual frenulum
B) uvula
C) submandibular salivary gland
D) periodontal membrane
E) vestibule

Question 58

The total amount of kilocalories the body must consume to fuel all ongoing activities, which increases dramatically during physical exertion, is called the ________.

A) total metabolic rate (TMR)
B) homeostasis
C) basal metabolic rate (BMR)
D) body mass index (BMI)

Question 59

The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________.

A) vestibule
B) uvula
C) labia
D) oral cavity proper
E) lingual frenulum

Question 60

What sphincter regulates the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach?

A) internal anal sphincter
B) external anal sphincter
C) ileocecal sphincter
D) pyloric sphincter
E) cardioesophageal sphincter

Question 61

What organs release secretions into the duodenum of the small intestine?

A) pancreas and spleen
B) appendix and Peyer's patches
C) liver and pancreas
D) cecum and appendix
E) spleen and liver

Question 62

Which accessory digestive organ is situated retroperitoneal?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) salivary glands
D) pancreas
E) spleen

Question 63

Enzymes and bile are carried by the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the ________.

A) duodenum
B) jejunum
C) ileocecal valve
D) ileum
E) large intestine

Question 64

Which one of the following is NOT a subdivision of the large intestine?

A) cecum
B) appendix
C) duodenum
D) colon
E) rectum

Question 65

Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest ________.

A) protein
B) starch
C) fat
D) vitamins
E) minerals

Question 66

One of the main functions of the small intestine is ________.

A) absorption of nutrients
B) absorption of water
C) waste secretion
D) vitamin conversion
E) mineral secretion

Question 67

The small intestine extends from the ________.

A) cardioesophageal sphincter to the pyloric sphincter (valve)
B) pyloric sphincter (valve) to the ileocecal valve
C) ileocecal valve to the appendix
D) appendix to the sigmoid colon
E) cardioesophageal sphincter to ileocecal valve

Question 68

Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called ________.

A) peptides
B) amino acids
C) polypeptides
D) fatty acids
E) glycerol

Question 69

The propulsive process that moves food from one organ to the next is called ________.

A) ingestion
B) peristalsis
C) digestion
D) mastication
E) absorption

Question 70

Which one of the following is NOT a modification (which is designed to increase surface area for absorption within the small intestine?

A) microvilli
B) villi
C) Peyer's patches
D) circular folds
E) plicae circulares

Question 71

The anterior chisel-shaped teeth that are adapted for cutting are called ________.

A) incisors
B) canines
C) premolars
D) molars
E) wisdom teeth

Question 72

We do NOT have the enzymes to digest ________.

A) cellulose
B) sucrose
C) lactose
D) maltose
E) starch

Question 73

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called ________.

A) peristalsis
B) segmentation
C) defecation
D) digestion
E) absorption

Question 74

What lymphatic tissue in the submucosa of the small intestine prevents bacteria from entering the blood?

A) Peyer's patches
B) rugae
C) appendix
D) circular folds (plicae circulares)
E) lacteals

Question 75

The sequence of steps by which large food molecules are broken down into their respective building blocks by catalytic enzymes is called ________.

A) ingestion
B) propulsion
C) mechanical breakdown
D) digestion
E) absorption

Question 76

What organ stores bile when food digestion is not occurring?

A) liver
B) pancreas
C) gallbladder
D) spleen
E) the body has no capacity for bile storage

Question 77

The organ responsible for drying out indigestible food residue through water absorption and the elimination of feces is the ________.

A) stomach
B) large intestine
C) small intestine
D) pancreas
E) liver

Question 78

The number of permanent teeth within a full set of adult teeth is ________.

A) 20
B) 24
C) 28
D) 32
E) 36

Question 79

Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage?

A) common bile duct
B) main pancreatic duct
C) cystic duct
D) accessory pancreatic duct
E) common hepatic duct

Question 80

What is the purpose of mastication?

A) to eliminate undigested food wastes from the body
B) to propel food from one digestive organ to the next
C) to transport nutrients into the blood and lymph
D) to chew, grind and tear food into smaller pieces while in the mouth
E) to move food back and forth along the walls of the small intestine