Deck 4: Skin and Body Membranes

Question 1

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

A) collagen; elastic; keratin
B) melanin; jaundice; erythema
C) sebum; sweat; urea
D) melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

A) synovial
B) serous
C) mucous
D) cutaneous

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The layer responsible for whorled ridges on the epidermal surfaces is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 5

Hair color is due to a pigment known as ________.

A) hemoglobin
B) carotene
C) keratin
D) melanin

Question 6

The Staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as ________.

A) impetigo
B) cold sores
C) psoriasis
D) contact dermatitis

Question 7

When James shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed?

A) hair follicle
B) hair root
C) hair matrix
D) hair shaft

Question 8

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have?

A) first-degree burn
B) second-degree burn
C) third-degree burn
D) fourth-degree burn

Question 9

Which of the following is a skin cancer that accounts for 80% of all skin cancer cases and affects the cells of stratum basale?

A) squamous cell carcinoma
B) malignant melanoma
C) basal cell carcinoma
D) psoriasis

Question 10

The white crescent area located over the nail matrix is called the ________.

A) lunule
B) cuticle
C) matrix
D) bed

Question 11

The white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ________.

A) lanugo
B) vernix caseosa
C) milia
D) vellus

Question 12

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The hair follicle is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 13

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts.

A) exocrine
B) endocrine
C) serous
D) mucous

Question 14

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

A) basale
B) granulosum
C) corneum
D) spinosum

Question 15

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

A) sweat
B) sebum
C) carotene
D) melanin

Question 16

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

A) mucous
B) serous
C) cutaneous
D) synovial

Question 17

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The arrector pili muscle is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 18

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 19

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The gland that produces sweat is indicated by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 20

Using Figure 4.1, identify the following:
The hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue, is represented by ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 21

People who produce a lot of melanin have a skin tone that is ________.

A) green
B) brown
C) blue
D) pink
E) orange

Question 22

Although you get wet while swimming, which tough protein within the skin prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge?

A) serous fluid
B) melanin
C) mucus
D) carotene
E) keratin

Question 23

Where are mucous membranes found?

A) lining joint cavities
B) covering the heart
C) lining the inside of the stomach
D) covering the brain
E) lining the abdominal cavity wall

Question 24

Which of the following membranes is composed of loose areolar connective tissue?

A) synovial membrane
B) cutaneous membrane
C) mucous membrane
D) serous membrane
E) pleural membrane

Question 25

The skin and its derivatives (nails, glands, and hairs) form the ________.

A) skeletal system
B) integumentary system
C) endocrine system
D) immune system
E) lymphatic system

Question 26

Which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin?

A) sweat
B) hemoglobin
C) keratin
D) sebum
E) melanin

Question 27

Which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee?

A) sebum
B) serous fluid
C) synovial fluid
D) sweat
E) keratin

Question 28

The only dry membrane is the ________.

A) synovial membrane
B) cutaneous membrane
C) mucous membrane
D) serous membrane
E) basement membrane

Question 29

Which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect?

A) A stands for asymmetry.
B) B stands for border irregularity.
C) C stands for color.
D) D stands for diagnosis.

Question 30

What provides toughness to the dermis and holds water in this skin layer?

A) Merkel cells
B) collagen fibers
C) melanocytes
D) elastic fibers
E) epidermis dendritic cells

Question 31

The two main layers of skin are ________.

A) papillary layer and reticular layer
B) stratum basale and dermis
C) epidermis and dermis
D) stratum corneum and dermis
E) epidermis and hypodermis

Question 32

What layer is affected when a scrape affects the most superficial epidermal layer?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum spinosum

Question 33

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

A) stratum spinosum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum basale
D) stratum corneum
E) stratum lucidum

Question 34

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of ________.

A) melanin
B) keratin
C) oil
D) epidermis dendritic cells
E) sweat

Question 35

The epidermis is composed of ________.

A) simple columnar epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) adipose tissue
D) areolar tissue
E) dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 36

A splinter pierces through the epidermal layers of the sole of the foot in the following order:
1) stratum basale
2) stratum corneum
3) stratum granulosum
4) stratum lucidum
5) stratum spinosum

A) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4
B) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2
C) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
D) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
E) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

Question 37

Which of the following is a vital function of the skin?

A) The skin converts modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D.
B) The skin aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.
C) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.
D) The skin absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
E) The skin aids in desiccation.

Question 38

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

A) epidermis
B) papillary layer of the dermis
C) subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
D) reticular layer of the dermis
E) stratum corneum

Question 39

Which membrane is constructed of a visceral and parietal layer?

A) synovial
B) cutaneous
C) mucous
D) serous
E) peritoneum

Question 40

Which of the following membranes lines body cavities that are open to the exterior?

A) pleura
B) synovial
C) cutaneous
D) mucous
E) serous

Question 41

Which of the following is an indication of melanoma?

A) a symmetrical mole
B) a pigmented spot that has smooth borders
C) a pigmented spot on the skin that is smaller than the size of a pencil eraser
D) a pigmented spot that is all black
E) a pigmented spot that contains areas of different colors

Question 42

Fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ________.

A) reticular layer of the dermis
B) subcutaneous tissue
C) stratum lucidum
D) hypodermis
E) papillary layer of the dermis

Question 43

A genetic switch turns on male pattern baldness in response to ________.

A) age
B) size
C) weight
D) male hormones
E) female hormones

Question 44

Which of the following stimulates eccrine sweat glands to release sweat?

A) high temperatures
B) dry skin
C) hormones, especially male sex hormones
D) cold temperatures
E) both by high temperatures and by hormones, especially male hormones

Question 45

Your 70-year-old grandfather shows signs of loss of hair and some baldness. What age-related disorder do you suspect is the cause?

A) psoriasis
B) lanugo
C) male pattern baldness
D) dermatitis
E) milia

Question 46

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ________.

A) absorption
B) evaporation
C) filtration
D) diffusion
E) osmosis

Question 47

The connective tissue composing the dermis is made of two regions: the papillary and the reticular areas.

Question 48

Which layer of the epidermis forms the nail bed?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum spinosum

Question 49

Where does hair growth occur?

A) hair shaft
B) hair matrix
C) hair cuticle
D) hair cortex
E) hair medulla

Question 50

What type of cutaneous gland produces sweat that cools the body upon evaporation from the skin?

A) oil gland
B) salivary gland
C) eccrine gland
D) sebaceous gland
E) apocrine gland

Question 51

In order to warm the body up when cold, ________.

A) vitamin D is synthesized
B) sudoriferous glands release sweat
C) sebaceous glands release oil
D) the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright
E) melanin is produced

Question 52

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by ________.

A) measuring urinary output and fluid intake
B) observing the tissues that are usually moist
C) blood analysis
D) using the "rule of nines"
E) performing enzyme studies

Question 53

The pigments that contribute to skin color are melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

Question 54

The membrane shown in Figure 4.2 is a ________.

A) cutaneous membrane
B) synovial membrane
C) pericardium, a serous membrane
D) mucous membrane
E) pleura, a serous membrane

Question 55

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

Question 56

Synovial membrane occurs in pairs with a parietal and visceral layer.

Question 57

Which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders?

A) cyanosis
B) pallor
C) erythema
D) jaundice
E) bruising

Question 58

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will radiate.

Question 59

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule?

A) squamous cell carcinoma
B) melanoma
C) psoriasis
D) basal cell carcinoma
E) impetigo

Question 60

Both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations.

Question 61

Milia are most common during old age when secretions accumulate in the sebaceous glands.

Question 62

Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles in the armpit and genital regions.

Question 63

Both nails and hair are produced by stratum basale of the epidermis.

Question 64

Joe just burned his hand on a hot pot. A blister forms and the burn is painful; Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree, or full-thickness, burn.

Question 65

Apocrine gland secretions are normally odorless, and may be milky or yellowish in color.

Question 66

Match the following:

A) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D) cancer of melanocytes
E) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F) virus that produces cold sores
G) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I) skin inflammation
J) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Dermatitis

Question 67

Match the following:

A) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D) cancer of melanocytes
E) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F) virus that produces cold sores
G) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I) skin inflammation
J) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Dandruff

Question 68

The majority of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes.

Question 69

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are cutaneous glands associated with the skin.

Question 70

Match the following:

A) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D) cancer of melanocytes
E) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F) virus that produces cold sores
G) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I) skin inflammation
J) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Herpes simplex

Question 71

The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.

Question 72

Collagen and elastic fibers are common in the epidermis of the skin.

Question 73

Match the following:

A) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D) cancer of melanocytes
E) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F) virus that produces cold sores
G) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I) skin inflammation
J) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Basal cell carcinoma

Question 74

Match the following:

A) burn in which only the epidermis becomes red and swollen
B) infection of the sebaceous gland and the formation of pimples
C) cancer of stratum spinosum cells
D) cancer of melanocytes
E) dry, dead flakes of stratum corneum
F) virus that produces cold sores
G) inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
H) full thickness burn of the skin in which the skin becomes blackened or blanched (gray-white)
I) skin inflammation
J) malignancy of the lowest epidermal layer
K) staphylococcus bacterial infection causing water-filled lesions, commonly around the mouth and nose
Malignant melanoma

Question 75

The ABCDE rule is used for classifying burns.

Question 76

The rule of nines is used to estimate how much of the body surface is burned.

Question 77

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells of the stratum spinosum.

Question 78

The arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls hairs upright when we are cold or frightened.

Question 79

The epidermis is made mostly of dense (fibrous) connective tissue.

Question 80

Nails and hair are both composed of keratin.