Deck 7: The Nervous System

Question 1

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.

A) myelin sheaths
B) neuroglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) microglia

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

A) satellite cells
B) ependymal cells
C) Schwann cells
D) microglial cells

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

A) sensory; motor
B) gray; white
C) motor; sensory
D) white; gray

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The axon terminals are indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label G
C) Label B
D) Label A
E) Label C

Question 5

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

A) interneurons (association neurons)
B) afferent neurons
C) efferent neurons
D) bipolar neurons

Question 6

What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles?

A) somatic
B) pupillary
C) autonomic
D) salivary

Question 7

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.

A) dendrite
B) cell body
C) synaptic cleft
D) axon

Question 8

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________.

A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) proprioceptors
C) lamellar corpuscles
D) association neurons

Question 9

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The metabolic center of the neuron is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label F
C) Label A
D) Label H
E) Label I

Question 10

What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?

A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) multiple sclerosis

Question 11

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The axon is indicated by ________.

A) Label B
B) Label F
C) Label H
D) Label I
E) Label A

Question 12

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________.

A) cerebellum
B) diencephalon interbrain
C) brain stem
D) cerebrum

Question 13

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The nucleus of the neuron is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label I
C) Label A
D) Label B
E) Label F

Question 14

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________.

A) synaptic clefts
B) axon terminals
C) nodes of Ranvier
D) myelin sheaths

Question 15

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

A) central and peripheral
B) somatic and autonomic
C) sensory and motor
D) autonomic and sympathetic

Question 16

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The gaps between Schwann cells are indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label H
C) Label B
D) Label F
E) Label A

Question 17

Using Figure 7.1, identify the following:
The neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label G
C) Label A
D) Label F
E) Label B

Question 18

During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) both sodium and potassium
D) calcium

Question 19

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?

A) calcium ions
B) sodium ions
C) potassium ions
D) magnesium ions

Question 20

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

A) afferent neurons
B) sensory neuron
C) motor neuron
D) axon terminals

Question 21

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

A) 12
B) 18
C) 25
D) 31

Question 22

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.

A) dura
B) arachnoid
C) periosteal
D) pia

Question 23

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

A) sympathetic division
B) parasympathetic division
C) somatic division
D) sensory division

Question 24

The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain.

A) gap
B) intercalated
C) desmosome
D) tight

Question 25

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?

A) pons
B) pituitary gland
C) thalamus
D) hypothalamus

Question 26

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________.

A) ventricles
B) arachnoid villi
C) meninges
D) sinuses

Question 27

What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?

A) hydrocephalus
B) anencephaly
C) spina bifida
D) cerebral palsy

Question 28

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?

A) breathing
B) hunger
C) thirst
D) consciousness

Question 29

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.

A) corpus callosum
B) fornix
C) pons
D) thalamus

Question 30

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.

A) choroid plexuses
B) arachnoid villi
C) ventricles
D) sinuses

Question 31

Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with ________.

A) footdrop
B) clawhand
C) breathing
D) wristdrop

Question 32

The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve, belongs to the ________ nerve plexus.

A) lumbar
B) sacral
C) brachial
D) cervical

Question 33

What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain?

A) transverse fissure
B) longitudinal fissure
C) sagittal fissure
D) tentorium cerebelli

Question 34

The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers.

A) epineurium
B) endoneurium
C) perineurium
D) perimysium

Question 35

Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Huntington's disease
D) cerebral palsy

Question 36

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

A) pineal gland
B) pituitary gland
C) pons
D) thalamus

Question 37

What is the name of cranial nerve III?

A) optic
B) olfactory
C) oculomotor
D) trochlear

Question 38

What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A) glossopharyngeal
B) oculomotor
C) vestibulocochlear
D) vagus

Question 39

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.

A) concussion
B) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke
C) contusion
D) cerebral edema

Question 40

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somaticsensory cortex located?

A) parietal
B) frontal
C) temporal
D) occipital

Question 41

What best describes bipolar neurons?

A) Bipolar neurons are motor neurons.
B) Bipolar neurons are called neuroglia.
C) Bipolar neurons are often found in ganglia.
D) Bipolar neurons are found in special sense organs, such as the eye and nose.
E) Bipolar neurons are more abundant in adults than in children.

Question 42

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?

A) Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.
B) Neurons are propagating the action potential.
C) Neurons are depolarizing and generating an action potential.
D) Neurons are restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pump.
E) Neurons are repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell.

Question 43

Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

A) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
C) Schwann cells
D) ependymal cells
E) satellite cells

Question 44

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?

A) sodium ions
B) chloride ions
C) calcium ions
D) potassium ions
E) magnesium ions

Question 45

Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ________.

A) myelinated
B) unmyelinated
C) sensory
D) motor
E) cerebral

Question 46

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

A) oligodendrocytes
B) Schwann cells
C) microglia
D) ependymal cells
E) astrocytes

Question 47

What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles?

A) axon terminals
B) dendrites
C) axon hillock
D) Schwann cells
E) myelin sheath

Question 48

Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral ________.

A) ramus
B) tract
C) ganglion
D) plexus

Question 49

What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?

A) carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and/or the viscera
B) form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons
C) transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system
D) connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways
E) detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints

Question 50

What are the two major functional properties of neurons?

A) cover and line body surfaces
B) contraction and movements
C) irritability and conductivity
D) connect and protect
E) lubricate and secrete

Question 51

The term central nervous system refers to the ________.

A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
C) brain and cranial nerves
D) spinal cord and spinal nerves
E) brain and spinal cord

Question 52

Ganglia are collections of ________.

A) nuclei
B) dendrites
C) cell bodies
D) axons
E) axon terminals

Question 53

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________.

A) saltatory conduction
B) repolarization
C) graded potential
D) sodium-potassium pump
E) all-or-none response

Question 54

How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?

A) efferent
B) multipolar
C) afferent
D) bipolar
E) unipolar

Question 55

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________.

A) a reflex arc
B) the all-or-none response
C) repolarization
D) saltatory conduction
E) graded potential

Question 56

An action potential is caused by an influx of ________ ions into the cell.

A) potassium
B) sodium
C) calcium
D) magnesium
E) both potassium and sodium

Question 57

Ms. Young feels deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor detects this sensation?

A) free nerve ending
B) Golgi tendon organ
C) Meissner's corpuscle
D) proprioceptor
E) lamellar corpuscle

Question 58

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division?

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) afferent

Question 59

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________.

A) motor
B) both visceral and sensory
C) both somatic and sensory
D) interneurons (association neurons)
E) parasympathetic

Question 60

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse?
1) the membrane becomes depolarized
2) sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward
3) the membrane becomes repolarized
4) potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward

A) 3, 2, 4, 1
B) 2, 1, 4, 3
C) 2, 1, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4, 3
E) 4, 1, 3, 2

Question 61

Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted?

A) graded potential
B) action potential
C) repolarization
D) local depolarization
E) depolarization

Question 62

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

A) medulla oblongata
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) thalamus
E) cerebrum

Question 63

The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________.

A) posterior association area
B) reticular activating system
C) limbic system
D) Broca's area
E) anterior association area

Question 64

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.

A) diencephalon
B) hypothalamus
C) brain stem
D) pineal gland
E) cerebellum

Question 65

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.

A) longitudinal fissure
B) gyrus
C) central sulcus
D) Broca's area
E) primary motor area

Question 66

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.

A) pons
B) medulla oblongata
C) midbrain
D) cerebrum
E) hypothalamus

Question 67

Cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed into venous blood in the dural sinuses via the ________.

A) cerebral aqueduct
B) hypothalamus
C) arachnoid granulations
D) choroid plexus
E) pons

Question 68

Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?

A) chlorine
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) calcium
E) magnesium

Question 69

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges?

A) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater
B) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
E) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 70

Rick quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. What type of reflex is this?

A) two-neuron reflex
B) patellar reflex
C) knee-jerk reflex
D) withdrawal reflex
E) autonomic reflex

Question 71

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

A) occipital lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) parietal lobe
E) pyramidal tract

Question 72

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

A) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor
B) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector
C) effector, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, receptor
D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, effector
E) receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, integration center, effector

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain?

A) brain stem
B) ventral ramus
C) diencephalon
D) cerebrum
E) cerebellum

Question 74

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.

A) synaptic cleft
B) cell body
C) effector
D) Schwann cell
E) node of Ranvier

Question 75

Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area?

A) inability to form complex memories
B) inability to say words properly
C) inability to recognize patterns and faces
D) inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles
E) inability to involuntarily move smooth muscles

Question 76

What specific part of the midbrain houses reflex centers for vision and hearing?

A) pons
B) corpora quadrigemina
C) fourth ventricle
D) medulla oblongata
E) reticular formation

Question 77

Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintaining her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol?

A) cerebrum
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus
E) pons

Question 78

A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the ________.

A) cerebrum
B) reticular activating system (RAS)
C) pineal gland
D) limbic system
E) cerebellum

Question 79

Cerebrospinal fluid ________.

A) is secreted by the arachnoid villi
B) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space
C) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles
D) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
E) is identical in composition to whole blood

Question 80

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates through all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) subarachnoid space
B) corpus callosum
C) cerebral aqueduct
D) fourth ventricle
E) lateral ventricles