Deck 8: Special Senses

Question 1

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The auricle (pinna) is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label E
C) Label J
D) Label A
E) Label B

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

A) tympanic membrane (ear drum)
B) auricle (pinna)
C) vestibule
D) cochlea

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?

A) emmetropia
B) convergence
C) accommodation
D) inversion

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ________.

A) accommodation
B) convergence
C) binocular vision
D) refraction

Question 5

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________.

A) convergence
B) optic radiation
C) optic tracts
D) optic chiasma

Question 6

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The malleus (hammer) is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label E
C) Label A
D) Label C
E) Label J

Question 7

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.

A) cornea
B) pupil
C) lens
D) iris

Question 8

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.

A) aqueous humor
B) lens
C) vitreous humor (body)
D) cornea

Question 9

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?

A) pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube
B) auricle (pinna)
C) external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)
D) tympanic membrane

Question 10

What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?

A) accommodation
B) refraction
C) binocular vision
D) inversion

Question 11

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label A
C) Label I
D) Label F
E) Label D

Question 12

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

A) choroid
B) retina
C) sclera
D) cornea

Question 13

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.

A) choroid
B) sclera
C) conjunctiva
D) retina

Question 14

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The stapes (stirrup) is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label I
C) Label A
D) Label H
E) Label F

Question 15

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The tympanic membrane is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label H
D) Label I
E) Label J

Question 16

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

A) tarsal
B) ceruminous
C) lacrimal
D) ciliary

Question 17

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

A) sclera; cornea
B) conjunctiva; sclera
C) iris; pupil
D) pupil; cornea

Question 18

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The cochlea is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label G
C) Label E
D) Label A
E) Label B

Question 19

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The semicircular canals are indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label E
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 20

What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?

A) sclera
B) optic disc (blind spot)
C) choroid
D) iris

Question 21

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

A) static equilibrium receptor
B) olfactory receptor
C) dynamic equilibrium receptor
D) photoreceptor

Question 22

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

A) cochlea
B) vestibule
C) semicircular canals
D) oval window

Question 23

What sensation is related to sitting motionless at a desk studying your anatomy and physiology material?

A) vibrations
B) static equilibrium
C) hearing
D) dynamic equilibrium

Question 24

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.

A) maculae
B) papillae
C) otoliths
D) basal cells

Question 25

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.

A) choroid
B) conjunctiva
C) cornea
D) retina
E) sclera

Question 26

The five taste sensations are ________.

A) sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
B) sweet, sour, bitter, pasty, gritty
C) sweet, sour, chewy, gritty, greasy
D) sweet, salty, spicy, bitter, gritty

Question 27

What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?

A) night blindness
B) presbyopia
C) cataracts
D) glaucoma
E) color blindness

Question 28

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

A) sclera
B) retina
C) choroid
D) iris
E) optic nerve

Question 29

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

A) ceruminous
B) sweat
C) mammary
D) lacrimal
E) tarsal

Question 30

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________.

A) cupulae
B) otoliths
C) maculae
D) ossicles

Question 31

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.

A) release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye
B) refract light and focus it on the retina
C) regulate the amount of light entering the eye
D) produce gross eye movements
E) prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Question 32

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain?

A) Méniére's disease
B) conduction deafness
C) sensorineural deafness
D) otosclerosis

Question 33

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

A) optic disc
B) blind spot
C) ciliary body
D) vitreous humor
E) fovea centralis

Question 34

Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain.

A) optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
B) cochlear nerve, optic disc, optic tracts, thalamus, temporal lobe
C) optic tracts, optic chiasma, optic nerve, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
D) optic nerve, optic radiation, optic tracts, hypothalamus, temporal lobe
E) vestibular nerve, optic disc, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, parietal lobe

Question 35

What are the three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain?

A) facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
B) hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, facial
C) abducens, trochlear, oculomotor
D) hypoglossal, vagus, trigeminal

Question 36

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva?

A) taste bud cells
B) hair cells
C) olfactory cells
D) gustatory cells

Question 37

Which of the following correctly states the function of the tarsal glands?

A) Tarsal glands produce sweat.
B) Tarsal glands secrete mucus.
C) Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.
D) Tarsal glands release tears.
E) Tarsal glands secrete lysozymes which are enzymes that destroy bacteria in the eye.

Question 38

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.

A) malleus or hammer
B) incus or anvil
C) stapes or stirrup
D) otolith

Question 39

What part of the retina absorbs light and prevents it from scattering inside the eye?

A) choroid
B) neural layer
C) photoreceptors
D) vascular layer
E) pigmented layer

Question 40

The pupil is an opening within the ________.

A) retina
B) iris
C) choroid
D) lens
E) sclera

Question 41

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

A) optic disc
B) cones
C) ganglion cells
D) rods
E) bipolar cells

Question 42

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?

A) otoliths
B) hair cells
C) semicircular canals
D) cupula
E) vestibule

Question 43

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

A) conjunctivitis
B) color blindness
C) night blindness
D) glaucoma
E) cataracts

Question 44

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

A) emmetropia
B) hyperopia
C) myopia
D) astigmatism
E) presbyopia

Question 45

A person with total color blindness may lack ________.

A) rods
B) optic disc (blind spot)
C) cones
D) hair cells
E) olfactory cells

Question 46

The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the ________.

A) inferior lacrimal canal
B) nasolacrimal duct
C) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
D) ciliary body
E) pupil

Question 47

Sound waves entering the external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

A) tympanic membrane
B) pinna
C) auricle
D) oval window
E) ossicles

Question 48

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

A) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
B) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
C) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
D) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
E) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor

Question 49

Which area of the retina has the highest concentration of cones?

A) optic disc (blind spot)
B) optic nerve
C) choroid
D) fovea centralis
E) ciliary body

Question 50

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?

A) cupula
B) vestibule
C) semicircular canals
D) vestibular nerve
E) tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 51

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.

A) eardrum
B) semicircular canals
C) inner ear
D) middle ear
E) outer ear

Question 52

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.

A) malleus
B) incus
C) stapes
D) bony labyrinth
E) cochlea

Question 53

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next.

A) malleus, incus, stapes
B) incus, malleus, stapes
C) stapes, incus, malleus
D) malleus, stapes, incus
E) stapes, malleus, incus

Question 54

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.

A) semicircular canals
B) auricle (pinna)
C) cochlea
D) tympanic membrane
E) vestibule

Question 55

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

A) external acoustic meatus (auditory tube)
B) spiral organ of Corti
C) oval window
D) auricle
E) ossicles

Question 56

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.

A) vibration of the tympanic membrane
B) movement of otoliths along hair cells
C) transmission of light through the lens
D) sound waves traveling through the cochlea
E) stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

Question 57

What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

A) iris
B) sclera
C) lens
D) choroid
E) optic chiasma

Question 58

When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ________.

A) convergence
B) the accommodation pupillary reflex
C) the photopupillary reflex
D) eyestrain
E) hemianopia

Question 59

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.

A) hair cells
B) rod cells
C) cone cells
D) Corti cells
E) ceruminous cells

Question 60

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.

A) aqueous humor
B) ciliary body
C) choroid
D) vitreous humor (body)
E) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

Question 61

Tarsal glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.

Question 62

The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer which is home to rods and cones.

Question 63

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

Question 64

Which cranial nerve transmits both hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

A) abducens (VI)
B) oculomotor (III)
C) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
D) trigeminal (V)
E) trochlear (IV)

Question 65

Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with ________.

A) otitis media
B) conduction deafness
C) vertigo
D) presbycusis
E) sensorineural deafness

Question 66

The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.

Question 67

An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

Question 68

Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.

Question 69

Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?

A) sweet
B) salty
C) pungent
D) bitter
E) sour

Question 70

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________.

A) sight
B) hearing
C) dynamic equilibrium
D) smell
E) both hearing and dynamic equilibrium

Question 71

The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as ________.

A) hemianopia
B) strabismus
C) presbyopia
D) myopia
E) hyperopia

Question 72

The age-related fusion of ear bones is known as ________.

A) hemianopia
B) strabismus
C) otosclerosis
D) presbycusis
E) otitis

Question 73

From the optic nerve, the visual pathway continues to the optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, and then visual interpretation occurs in the occipital lobe.

Question 74

We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).

Question 75

The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.

A) taste
B) smell
C) vision
D) hearing
E) touch

Question 76

Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to ________.

A) lemons
B) mushrooms
C) sugar
D) salt
E) steak

Question 77

Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves.

Question 78

Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell?

A) facial nerve (VII)
B) vestibular (VIII)
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)
D) vagus (X)
E) olfactory nerve (I)

Question 79

The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.

Question 80

Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?

A) vallate papillae
B) foliate papillae
C) circumvallate papillae
D) fungiform papillae
E) lingual papillae