Deck 13: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The diaphragm muscle is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label E
C) Label F
D) Label G
E) Label J

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which part of the larynx produces sounds when air passes by?

A) thyroid cartilage
B) epiglottis
C) glottis
D) vocal folds (True vocal cords)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucosa exposed to air are called ________.

A) tonsils
B) adenoids
C) conchae
D) paranasal sinuses

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What protects the superior opening of the larynx?

A) trachea
B) epiglottis
C) glottis
D) thyroid cartilage

Question 5

The anterior portion of the palate that is supported by bone is called the ________.

A) soft palate
B) glottis
C) epiglottis
D) hard palate

Question 6

What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays a role in speech?

A) tongue
B) pharynx
C) nasal conchae
D) larynx

Question 7

From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ________.

A) oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx
B) nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
C) laryngopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx
D) nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx

Question 8

When breathing in, air enters the larynx through an opening called the ________.

A) glottis
B) epiglottis
C) esophagus
D) thyroid cartilage

Question 9

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The nostrils, or nares, are indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label G
C) Label B
D) Label A
E) Label F

Question 10

Which tissue forms the epiglottis?

A) thyroid cartilage
B) elastic cartilage
C) hyaline cartilage
D) fibrous cartilage

Question 11

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The inferior lobe of the right lung is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label J
C) Label I
D) Label G
E) Label F

Question 12

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The right main (primary) bronchus is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label I
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label F

Question 13

Which tissue forms the C-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea?

A) fibrocartilage
B) elastic cartilage
C) hyaline cartilage
D) compact bone

Question 14

Which tonsils sit at the base of the tongue?

A) lingual
B) laryngeal
C) pharyngeal
D) palatine

Question 15

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The apex of the right lung is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label F
C) Label H
D) Label G
E) Label J

Question 16

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The oral cavity is indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label A
C) Label E
D) label B
E) Label G

Question 17

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The pharynx is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label I
C) Label J
D) Label F
E) Label B

Question 18

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The trachea is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label I
C) Label B
D) Label F
E) Label G

Question 19

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The larynx is indicated by ________.

A) Label H
B) Label G
C) Label F
D) Label A
E) Label D

Question 20

Using Figure 13.1, identify the following:
The nasal cavity is indicated by ________.

A) Label D
B) Label C
C) Label B
D) Label H
E) Label A

Question 21

The total amount of exchangeable air is known as ________.

A) residual volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
C) tidal volume (TV)
D) vital capacity (VC)

Question 22

Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea?

A) bronchioles
B) bronchi
C) alveolar ducts
D) alveolar sacs

Question 23

What is the most common transport method for carbon dioxide?

A) oxyhemoglobin
B) deoxyhemoglobin
C) carbon monoxide
D) bicarbonate ions

Question 24

What non-respiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli?

A) cough
B) hiccup
C) yawn
D) sneeze

Question 25

Which inspiratory muscles contract so we can inspire air?

A) rectus abdominis; external obliques
B) diaphragm; external intercostals
C) trapezius; latissimus dorsi
D) diaphragm; external obliques

Question 26

The normal respiratory rate of 12-15 breaths per minute is known as ________.

A) hyperpnea
B) eupnea
C) dyspnea
D) apnea

Question 27

What portions of the brain contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate?

A) medulla and pons
B) pons and cerebellum
C) cerebrum and cerebellum
D) thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 28

Lung collapse, or ________, can occur if the intrapleural pressure equals atmospheric pressure when air enters the pleural space.

A) pleurisy
B) atelectasis
C) rales
D) wheezing

Question 29

What are the smallest conducting passageways of the lungs?

A) main (primary) bronchi
B) alveoli
C) terminal bronchioles
D) alveolar ducts

Question 30

The regulation of the activity of the breathing muscles, the diaphragm and external intercostals, is controlled by nerve impulses transmitted from the brain via the ________ and ________ nerves.

A) splanchnic; sacral
B) trochlear; trigeminal
C) phrenic; intercostal
D) cranial; spinal

Question 31

Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli is called ________.

A) pulmonary ventilation
B) inhalation
C) external respiration
D) internal respiration

Question 32

The most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of the blood gas called ________.

A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
C) methane
D) nitrous oxide

Question 33

During ________, oxygen binds to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.

A) internal respiration
B) external respiration
C) cellular respiration
D) expiration

Question 34

The serous membrane that surrounds each lung is created by a parietal and visceral ________.

A) pleura
B) pericardium
C) peritoneum
D) mediastinum

Question 35

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs is commonly called breathing or ________.

A) cellular respiration
B) internal respiration
C) respiratory gas transport
D) pulmonary ventilation

Question 36

Air flowing out of the lungs is known as ________.

A) expiration
B) respiratory gas transport
C) inhalation
D) inspiration

Question 37

________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 mL of air.

A) Tidal
B) Vital capacity
C) Residual
D) Inspiratory capacity

Question 38

Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs?

A) respiratory zone
B) conducting zone
C) terminal zone
D) filtering zone

Question 39

Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to ________.

A) sneeze
B) cough
C) speak
D) hiccup

Question 40

What odorless, colorless gas binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen?

A) hydrogen sulfide
B) carbon monoxide
C) nitrous oxide
D) methane

Question 41

Air from the nasal cavity enters the superior portion of the pharynx called the ________.

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) palatopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) tracheopharynx

Question 42

The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________.

A) nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
B) nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
C) nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, main (primary) bronchi
D) nose, larynx, trachea, pharynx, main (primary) bronchi
E) nose, pharynx, larynx, main (primary) bronchi, trachea

Question 43

What is the function of an alveolar macrophage?

A) secrete mucus
B) facilitate gas exchange
C) produce surfactant
D) engulf bacteria, carbon particles, and debris
E) sweep contaminated mucus and debris from the alveoli

Question 44

What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?

A) Tonsils produce mucus which drains into the nasal cavities.
B) Tonsils humidify and warm incoming air.
C) Tonsils moisten the air entering the respiratory passageways.
D) Tonsils protect the body from infection.
E) Tonsils sweep contaminated mucus toward the throat.

Question 45

What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?

A) increase the air turbulence in the nasal cavity
B) separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
C) lighten the skull
D) act as a resonance chamber for speech
E) trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

Question 46

Where does exchange occur?

A) nose
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) trachea
E) alveoli

Question 47

In order to return acidic blood pH to normal, breathing becomes deeper and more rapid, a phenomenon known as ________.

A) hypoventilation
B) hyperventilation
C) apnea
D) dyspnea

Question 48

Which one of the following is NOT True of the lungs?

A) The narrower portion of each lung is called the apex.
B) The bases rest on the diaphragm.
C) The left lung has two lobes.
D) The right lung has three lobes.
E) Both lungs have two lobes.

Question 49

Which one of the following bones does NOT contain paranasal sinuses?

A) frontal
B) sphenoid
C) mandible
D) ethmoid
E) maxilla

Question 50

The superior portion of each lung is the ________.

A) pleura
B) base
C) apex
D) mediastinum
E) fissure

Question 51

The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions EXCEPT ________.

A) allow air to reach the lungs
B) purify air
C) humidify air
D) exchange gases
E) warm incoming air

Question 52

The pharynogotympanic tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the ________.

A) nasopharynx
B) oropharynx
C) palatopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) tracheopharynx

Question 53

What part of the larynx is commonly called the Adam's apple?

A) glottis
B) thyroid cartilage
C) vocal folds (True vocal cords)
D) trachea
E) epiglottis

Question 54

How do goblet cells, present in the lining of the trachea, contribute to the protection of the respiratory system?

A) Goblet cells create a sweeping motion that propels mucus toward the throat.
B) Goblet cells create a patent airway.
C) Goblet cells protect the superior opening of the larynx by preventing the entry of food and fluids into the larynx.
D) Goblet cells produce mucus that traps dust particles and other debris.
E) Goblet cells vibrate to allow us to speak.

Question 55

The serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs is called the ________.

A) mediastinum
B) visceral pleura
C) parietal pleura
D) main (primary) bronchi
E) pleurisy

Question 56

Smoking destroys cilia in the respiratory passageways, such as the trachea. Which of the following is a likely consequence of damaged cilia?

A) inflammation and swelling of the tonsils
B) air is not moistened, warmed, or filtered before reaching the lungs
C) inability to propel mucus from the lungs to the throat
D) nasal congestion and postnasal drip
E) inability to produce mucus

Question 57

What fatty molecule is made by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse between breaths?

A) sebum
B) surfactant
C) nicotine
D) mucus

Question 58

Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of the ________.

A) trachea
B) larynx
C) pharynx
D) glottis
E) epiglottis

Question 59

What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?

A) tonsils
B) flagella
C) cilia
D) coarse hairs
E) air turbulence

Question 60

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by ________.

A) the pharynx
B) the nasal conchae
C) the larynx
D) both the hard and soft palate
E) both the nasal conchae and hard palate

Question 61

Oxygen is transported in the blood as ________.

A) bicarbonate ion
B) oxyhemoglobin
C) carbonic acid
D) deoxyhemoglobin
E) carbonic anhydrase

Question 62

Which of the following events of respiration involves the flow of air out of the lungs?

A) internal respiration
B) inspiration
C) external respiration
D) expiration
E) cellular respiration

Question 63

Hyperventilation is the body's response to ________.

A) increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
B) increased oxygen levels in the blood
C) decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
D) alkalosis
E) increased blood pH

Question 64

Expiration (exhalation) occurs when ________.

A) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
B) air moves into the lungs
C) intrapulmonary volume increases
D) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
E) intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Question 65

What forms the respiratory membrane (air-blood barrier)?

A) respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
B) terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
C) systemic capillaries and cells of the body
D) the visceral and parietal pleura
E) the fused basement membranes of alveolar and pulmonary capillary walls

Question 66

The respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air is the ________.

A) tidal volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) expiratory reserve volume
D) vital capacity
E) dead space volume

Question 67

Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory zone?

A) respiratory bronchioles
B) alveolar ducts
C) alveolar sacs
D) alveoli
E) primary bronchus

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main events of respiration?

A) pulmonary ventilation
B) respiratory gas transport
C) residual volume
D) external respiration
E) internal respiration

Question 69

Which of these terms is an abnormal bronchial sound that occurs when mucus is present in the lung passages?

A) sneeze
B) cough
C) pleural friction rub
D) wheezing
E) rales

Question 70

Hyperventilation leads to all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) brief periods of apnea
B) cyanosis
C) dizziness
D) fainting
E) buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 71

Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves ________.

A) extremely deep breathing
B) extremely fast breathing
C) extremely slow breathing
D) intermittent breathing
E) irregular breathing

Question 72

The presence of air in the intrapleural space is known as ________.

A) pneumothorax
B) atelectasis
C) pneumonia
D) pleurisy
E) wheezing

Question 73

The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ________.

A) 500 mL
B) 1200 mL
C) 2100 mL
D) 4800 mL
E) 6000 mL

Question 74

Even after a forceful expiration, air still remains in the lungs for gas exchange to continue. This volume is about ________.

A) 500 mL
B) 1200 mL
C) 2100 mL
D) 4800 mL
E) 6000 mL

Question 75

Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?

A) coughing
B) yawning
C) laughing
D) hiccupping
E) sneezing

Question 76

Which nerves stimulate the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles to contract?

A) splanchnic nerves
B) somatic nerves
C) phrenic and intercostal nerves
D) vagus nerves
E) myenteric nerves

Question 77

Laura's lung collapsed during a skiing accident when a rib punctured her lung. The condition of a collapsed lung is known as ________.

A) atelectasis
B) asthma
C) eupnea
D) pleurisy
E) pneumothorax

Question 78

Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ________.

A) osmosis
B) simple diffusion
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) endocytosis

Question 79

Which one of the following is NOT True of inspiration?

A) Contraction of the diaphragm muscle helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity.
B) Relaxation of the external intercostal muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity.
C) Increased intrapulmonary volume causes inhaled gases to spread out.
D) The decreased gas pressure produces a partial vacuum that forcibly sucks air in.
E) Air continues to move into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

Question 80

Oxygen is unloaded from the blood stream and diffuses into surrounding cells and tissues during ________.

A) internal respiration
B) pulmonary ventilation
C) external respiration
D) respiratory gas transport
E) tidal volume