Deck 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Question 1

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?

A) stimulus
B) effector
C) receptor
D) control center

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________.

A) to the side
B) forward
C) down
D) behind

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.

A) urinary; digestive
B) cardiovascular; urinary
C) digestive; urinary
D) reproductive; digestive

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 5

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ________ system.

A) lymphatic
B) integumentary
C) cardiovascular
D) muscular

Question 6

Identify the cavity that houses the stomach, liver, and other digestive organs.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 7

Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things?

A) organ
B) tissue
C) cell
D) organ system

Question 8

________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body.

A) Metabolism
B) Homeostasis
C) Hematopoiesis
D) Irritability

Question 9

Identify the cavity that houses the heart and lungs (and other organs).

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 10

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________.

A) metabolism
B) homeostasis
C) irritability
D) output

Question 11

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the ________.

A) pleural cavity
B) mediastinum
C) quadrant
D) visceral cavity

Question 12

The vertebral region is ________ to the sternal region.

A) lateral
B) dorsal (posterior)
C) ventral (anterior
D) medial

Question 13

Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ________.

A) wrist
B) knee
C) ankle
D) elbow

Question 14

The sural region is ________ to the crural region.

A) superior (proximal)
B) inferior (distal)
C) anterior
D) posterior

Question 15

Label E points to the ________ cavity.

A) thoracic
B) pelvic
C) cranial
D) abdominal

Question 16

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system.

A) skeletal
B) muscular
C) endocrine
D) reproductive

Question 17

Label F points to the ________ cavity.

A) thoracic
B) pelvic
C) cranial
D) abdominal

Question 18

What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight?

A) water
B) carbon
C) carbohydrates
D) minerals

Question 19

The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original ________, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.

A) response
B) receptor
C) control center
D) stimulus

Question 20

Identify the cavity that houses the spinal cord.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 21

The abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are subdivisions of the ________ cavity.

A) superior
B) ventral
C) dorsal
D) pelvic

Question 22

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________.

A) anatomy
B) physiology
C) homeostasis
D) negative feedback
E) irritability

Question 23

The abdominopelvic cavity has ________ quadrants and ________ regions.

A) 6; 10
B) 9; 4
C) 4; 2
D) 4; 9

Question 24

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ________ region.

A) hypogastric (pubic)
B) right hypochondriac
C) right lumbar
D) left hypochondriac

Question 25

Which region is the umbilical region?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 26

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans.

A) posterior
B) dorsal
C) anterior
D) medial

Question 27

Which region is lateral to the umbilical region?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 28

The hypogastric (pubic) region is ________ to the umbilical region.

A) superior
B) inferior
C) posterior
D) medial

Question 29

Which region is associated with the lower ribs?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 30

Which region is situated inferior to the right lumbar region?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 31

To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ________ cavity.

A) abdominal
B) pelvic
C) thoracic
D) cranial

Question 32

The two major body cavities are ________ and ________.

A) abdominopelvic; thoracic
B) ventral; dorsal
C) cranial; dorsal
D) thoracic; ventral

Question 33

The navel is located in the ________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

A) epigastric
B) hypogastric
C) umbilical
D) right lumbar

Question 34

In which region is the stomach located?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 35

The orbital cavities house the ________.

A) mouth
B) nose
C) eyes
D) ears

Question 36

The epigastric region is ________ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

A) medial
B) superior
C) dorsal
D) lateral

Question 37

Andy sustained a baseball hit to his cranial cavity. Which bones were fractured?

A) ribs
B) vertebrae
C) hips
D) skull

Question 38

The diaphragm creates a ________ section between the thoracic and abdominal body cavities.

A) transverse (cross)
B) median
C) midsagittal
D) frontal (coronal)

Question 39

Which region is medial?

A) right hypochondriac region
B) epigastric region
C) right lumbar region
D) left lumbar region

Question 40

The hypogastric (pubic) region is ________.

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E
F) Label F

Question 41

The system that controls and coordinates the body using hormones is the ________.

A) integumentary system
B) skeletal system
C) nervous system
D) endocrine system
E) digestive system

Question 42

Milk production during breastfeeding is increased by the suckling of a newborn from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism best describes ________.

A) negative feedback
B) an abnormal physiological mechanism
C) homeostatic imbalance
D) positive feedback
E) both negative and positive feedback

Question 43

Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change?

A) control center
B) stimulus
C) effector
D) receptor
E) efferent pathway

Question 44

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

A) return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system
B) produce offspring
C) eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body
D) break down food into absorbable units
E) secrete hormones to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction

Question 45

Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose?

A) distal
B) posterior
C) inferior
D) anterior
E) lateral

Question 46

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?

A) making a section through the kidney to observe its interior
B) examining the surface of a bone
C) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
D) studying how the layers of the skin are organized
E) observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Question 47

A body part that is considered lateral is assumed to be ________.

A) toward the head end of the body
B) toward or at the front of the body
C) away from the midline of the body
D) close to the origin of a body part
E) toward the midline of the body

Question 48

What are two organ systems that are involved in the excretion of wastes from the body?

A) digestive and urinary
B) cardiovascular and skeletal
C) muscular and skeletal
D) endocrine and nervous
E) cardiovascular and nervous

Question 49

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

A) organs
B) tissues
C) atoms
D) cells
E) organ systems

Question 50

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________.

A) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues
B) produce sperm and eggs
C) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
D) control body activities through hormones released into the blood
E) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal

Question 51

The major organs of the cardiovascular system are the ________.

A) skeletal muscles
B) pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
C) bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints
D) brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors
E) heart and blood vessels

Question 52

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?

A) endocrine system
B) integumentary system
C) nervous system
D) lymphatic system
E) skeletal system

Question 53

The muscular system consists of the ________.

A) skeletal muscles
B) muscles of the heart
C) muscles in the walls of hollow organs
D) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart
E) muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs

Question 54

Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides?

A) integumentary system - movement
B) nervous system - excretion
C) muscular system - maintaining boundaries
D) nervous system - responsiveness
E) respiratory system - digestion

Question 55

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

A) proximal
B) medial
C) superior
D) distal
E) deep

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) water
D) minerals
E) vitamins

Question 57

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others?

A) chemical level
B) tissue level
C) organ level
D) organ system level
E) cellular level

Question 58

Which two organ systems include the pancreas?

A) digestive and endocrine systems
B) urinary and respiratory systems
C) reproductive and urinary systems
D) digestive and respiratory systems
E) endocrine and respiratory systems

Question 59

What are the three main components of a homeostatic control system?

A) receptor, responder, effector
B) receptor, stimulus, effector
C) stimulus, control center, input
D) receptor, control center, effector
E) control center, responder, output

Question 60

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)?

A) superior and caudal
B) inferior and cranial
C) inferior and cephalic
D) anterior and ventral
E) anterior and dorsal

Question 61

Cells are the building blocks of all matter.

Question 62

The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the ________.

A) carpal region
B) digital region
C) antebrachial region
D) brachial region
E) axillary region

Question 63

Jerome plays football and broke a bone in the tarsal region. This region is in the ________.

A) calf
B) thigh
C) groin
D) ankle
E) wrist

Question 64

Which body cavity is included in the dorsal cavity?

A) thoracic cavity
B) spinal cavity
C) nasal cavity
D) orbital cavity
E) abdominopelvic cavity

Question 65

Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head?

A) buccal
B) oral
C) orbital
D) occipital
E) nasal

Question 66

Sudie works as an administrative assistant and has developed carpal tunnel syndrome. What part of her body is affected?

A) elbow
B) wrist
C) shoulder
D) neck
E) lower back

Question 67

Which cavity houses the mediastinum?

A) thoracic
B) pelvic
C) abdominal
D) cranial
E) spinal

Question 68

The adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, and parathyroids are glands of the endocrine system.

Question 69

In reference to the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions, which of the following statements is correct?

A) The patellar region is superior to the popliteal region.
B) The patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region.
C) The patellar region is distal to the popliteal region.
D) The patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region.
E) The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.

Question 70

Which region is associated with the lower limb?

A) brachial
B) antebrachial
C) axillary
D) popliteal
E) sacral

Question 71

Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial?

A) umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions
B) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric (pubic) regions
C) iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric (pubic) regions
D) epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions
E) right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric (pubic) regions

Question 72

The dorsal body cavity houses the ________.

A) urinary and reproductive organs
B) heart and lungs
C) digestive and reproductive organs
D) tongue
E) spinal cord and brain

Question 73

Which of these body regions is located on the posterior body surface?

A) antebrachial
B) umbilical
C) gluteal
D) plantar
E) pubic

Question 74

The thoracic cavity is ________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

A) inferior
B) lateral
C) proximal
D) superior
E) dorsal

Question 75

The surgeon created an opening in the chest during surgery. The incision was made along a plane that equally separated the right and left halves of the thoracic cavity. This section is known as a(n) ________.

A) median (midsagittal) section
B) frontal section
C) transverse section
D) horizontal section
E) parasagittal section

Question 76

Tissues are made up of different types of organs.

Question 77

Four quadrants and nine regions further subdivide the ________ body cavity.

A) abdominopelvic
B) thoracic
C) pelvic
D) cranial
E) spinal

Question 78

The lungs and heart are situated in the ________ body cavity.

A) dorsal
B) spinal
C) thoracic
D) cranial
E) abdominopelvic

Question 79

Which regions of the abdominopelvic cavity house the lower ribs?

A) right and left iliac (inguinal) regions
B) right and left lumbar regions
C) right and left pubic regions
D) right and left hypochondriac regions
E) right and left inguinal regions

Question 80

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A) coronal
B) sagittal
C) dorsal
D) ventral
E) transverse