Deck 1: The Collision of Cultures

Question 1

Cahokia was a large,advanced regional center for the Mississippian culture.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Before the arrival of the Europeans,the horse was an important part of every New World culture.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Mexica tribes were deeply spiritual and incorporated human sacrifice into their religious worship.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Ferdinand Magellan's ship was the first to sail around the world.

Question 5

The New World was named for the Portuguese-sponsored explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

Question 6

Many of the New World's early explorers were looking for a shorter and safer route around Africa to India.

Question 7

Pueblos were communities built by the Aztecs on cliffsides.

Question 8

The Church of England was established by gradually integrating Calvinism with English Catholicism.

Question 9

The Aztecs:

A)were the most advanced example of the Adena-Hopewell culture.
B)had an empire of 371 city-states in thirty-eight provinces.
C)absorbed the Mayas around 1425.
D)succumbed to the Toltecs around A.D.900.
E)were a peaceful,nomadic people.

Question 10

By 5000 B.C.E. ,Native Americans had transitioned into farming societies.

Question 11

Around 1500 B.C.E. ,which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica)began developing large cities,including gigantic pyramids?

A)Aztecs
B)Incas
C)Mayas
D)Pueblos
E)Mexica

Question 12

The newest theories of early native migration from Asia to the Americas include that:

A)this migration came much earlier than previously thought.
B)the Bering Land Bridge was the only avenue of migration.
C)changes in Asia's climate drove natives to the Americas.
D)the natives built advanced sailing vessels for long seagoing voyages.
E)early Asian societies drove these natives out and ultimately they settled in the Americas.

Question 13

Calvinism stressed tolerance and liberal theology rather than a strict moral code.

Question 14

Ferdinand and Isabella forced Muslims and Jews to either become Christians or leave Spain.

Question 15

Traditionally,scholars have believed that Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia into North America:

A)in response to global warming.
B)in pursuit of large game animals.
C)beginning about a thousand years ago.
D)to escape tribal warfare in Asia.
E)in search of a disease-free environment.

Question 16

The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains.

Question 17

Virginia Dare of Roanoke Island was the first British child born in the New World.

Question 18

The brutal and exploitative systems that the Spanish implemented in the New World were largely the work of Bartolomé de Las Casas.

Question 19

The city of Tenochtitlán was founded in 1325 by the:

A)Mayas.
B)Chibchas.
C)Incas.
D)Aztecs.
E)Anasazi.

Question 20

The introduction of Indian foods such as corn and potatoes spurred a dramatic increase in Europe's population.

Question 21

The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by:

A)Henry VIII.
B)John Calvin.
C)Martin Luther.
D)Charles V of Spain.
E)Ferdinand and Isabella.

Question 22

Which of the following least characterizes the Mississippi Indian culture?

A)towns built around plazas and temples
B)cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation
C)cultivation of corn,beans,and squashes
D)mound-building societies
E)extensive trading activities

Question 23

As monarch,Queen Elizabeth I:

A)returned England to Catholicism.
B)eliminated archbishops and bishops from the Church of England.
C)advocated for true religious freedom for her subjects.
D)illustrated incredible strength and effectiveness.
E)oversaw a decline in English military and political strength.

Question 24

The Protestant Reformation in England:

A)occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religious doctrine.
B)was almost undone when Queen Elizabeth I tried to reinstate Catholicism.
C)was led by John Calvin.
D)occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany.
E)led to the overthrow of Henry VIII.

Question 25

European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by:

A)increased literacy.
B)the Reformation.
C)new sailing technologies.
D)decentralized European nation-states.
E)the decline of European monarchies.

Question 26

Which of the following was NOT true of Columbus's first voyage:

A)They made contact with continental America.
B)The sailors nearly mutinied.
C)They made first landfall at San Salvador.
D)It consisted of three ships and ninety sailors.
E)They initially made contact with the Taino,or Arawak.

Question 27

A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in:

A)salvation through good works.
B)predestination.
C)infant baptism.
D)papal infallibility.
E)the basic truth of all religions.

Question 28

The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the:

A)Portuguese.
B)Spaniards.
C)English.
D)Italians.
E)Irish.

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT true of Bartolomé de Las Casas:

A)He was a Catholic priest.
B)He provided some of the most extensive writings on the Spanish conquest of native tribes.
C)He designed the system of native slavery adopted by Spain.
D)His father had sailed with Columbus.
E)He accused Spaniards of abusing natives.

Question 30

At the time Europeans arrived in North America,Indians:

A)had largely died off from contagious diseases.
B)all spoke dialects of the same language.
C)were producing tools and weapons of iron.
D)fed themselves exclusively through farming.
E)tended to worship spirits in their natural surroundings.

Question 31

Which of the following was NOT true of Portuguese seagoing efforts:

A)They had well trained,expert sailors.
B)Early settlements included Newfoundland and the New England coastline.
C)They used three-masted ships called caravels.
D)They initially explored the coastline of West Africa.
E)They eventually initiated trade with China and India.

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT true of the Algonquians?

A)They lived in wigwams or longhouses.
B)Their villages numbered from 500 to 2,000 people.
C)They often moved their villages with the seasons.
D)They lived along the New England Seaboard and into the Upper Midwest.
E)They built mounds like the Mississippians.

Question 33

Which of the following was NOT a result of the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella?

A)opening of the Atlantic slave trade
B)unification of Spain into a single nation
C)expulsion of the Moors
D)increased interest in spreading Catholicism
E)expanded interest in exploration

Question 34

In most cases,Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following,EXCEPT:

A)religious zeal.
B)desire to serve their fellow man.
C)pursuit of riches.
D)desire for power.
E)patriotism.

Question 35

Which of the following is true of the Anasazi?

A)lacked a rigid class structure
B)engaged in warfare only for self-defense
C)lived in the Southwest
D)were destroyed by a prolonged drought
E)All of these.

Question 36

On his first voyage,Columbus:

A)explored a number of Caribbean islands.
B)landed on the mainland of North America.
C)realized he had discovered a new world.
D)expressed his kind intentions toward the Indians.
E)ensured that he would be wealthy for life.

Question 37

John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his:

A)sighting of the Pacific.
B)sailing around the tip of South America.
C)discovery of a shortcut to China.
D)exploration of Florida.
E)making landfall in present-day Canada.

Question 38

Columbus succeeded in:

A)finding a water route to Asia.
B)proving the world was round.
C)inspiring subsequent European explorations.
D)bringing the benefits of European civilization to the Indians.
E)finding rich sources of rubies and diamonds.

Question 39

Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in:

A)Venezuela.
B)Hispaniola.
C)Jamaica.
D)Cuba.
E)the Bahamas.

Question 40

Ferdinand Magellan:

A)first viewed the Pacific Ocean after crossing the Isthmus of Panama.
B)was a sailor on Columbus's first voyage.
C)led the expedition that circumnavigated the globe.
D)discovered Newfoundland.
E)led the expedition to Tenochtitlán.

Question 41

All of the following was true of Bartolomé de Las Casas,EXCEPT that he:

A)was officially named "Protector of the Indians."
B)considered natives to be naturally inferior peoples.
C)gave away his land and freed his slaves.
D)urged the Spanish government to do more to help the natives.
E)rejected the idea of forced conversion of Indians to Catholicism.

Question 42

All of the following are true of Cortés's invasion of Mexico,EXCEPT that:

A)Cortés explained that the Spanish had a disease that only gold could cure.
B)smallpox proved to be a very powerful weapon against the natives.
C)Tenochtitlán held out for three months against a Spanish siege.
D)regional Indian tribes attempted to help the Mexica against the Spanish.
E)more than 100,000 warriors were killed.

Question 43

Horses became so valuable in North America that they:

A)intensified intertribal competition and warfare.
B)were very hard to purchase.
C)became the sole responsibility of men.
D)were rarely used for hunting due to the dangers involved.
E)were worshipped as gods.

Question 44

The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico:

A)sought to Christianize Plains tribes like the Apaches.
B)was enriched by discoveries of gold and silver.
C)ended when Santa Fe was abandoned in 1620.
D)was led by Juan de Oñate.
E)soon had a larger population than Mexico City.

Question 45

The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to:

A)bless marriages.
B)establish towns.
C)educate Spanish colonists.
D)serve as government officials.
E)convert the Indians.

Question 46

The introduction of horses to Plains tribes:

A)unilaterally bettered the lives of their women.
B)lessened their dependence on bison.
C)replaced dogs as beasts of burden.
D)minimally altered the ecology of the Great Plains.
E)made them less nomadic.

Question 47

It is possible that one-third of the entire Native American population of Central America died as a result of:

A)malaria.
B)bubonic plague.
C)influenza.
D)smallpox.
E)measles.

Question 48

Which of the following animals were brought to the New World from Europe?

A)flying squirrels and catfish
B)bison and opossums
C)sheep and pigs
D)turkeys and llamas
E)rattlesnakes and iguanas

Question 49

Dutch sailors were essentially:

A)slave traders.
B)explorers.
C)missionaries.
D)pirates.
E)deep-sea fishermen.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT true of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?

A)Indians forced the Spaniards to temporarily retreat.
B)Indians attacked numerous churches and priests.
C)It occurred in New Mexico.
D)It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California.
E)It was led by an Indian named Popé.

Question 51

Spanish explorers of North America such as Narvaez,de Soto,and Coronado:

A)found large deposits of gold and silver.
B)established numerous permanent settlements.
C)added to the knowledge of the continent's interior.
D)converted many Indians to Christianity.
E)journeyed as far north as current-day Canada.

Question 52

The presidios established by the Spaniards in the Southwest housed:

A)missionaries.
B)settlers.
C)soldiers.
D)ranchers.
E)explorers.

Question 53

The French captain Jacques Cartier most importantly explored the:

A)Caribbean.
B)Mississippi River.
C)Great Lakes.
D)St.Lawrence River.
E)Hudson Bay.

Question 54

Cortés was primarily motivated by:

A)his commitment to the supremacy of Spain.
B)a desire to organize encomiendas.
C)a drive to spread Christianity among Native Americans.
D)his powerful sense of racial superiority.
E)Aztec gold.

Question 55

In 1565,the first European town established in the current-day United States was:

A)Santa Fe.
B)St.Augustine.
C)Jamestown.
D)Plymouth.
E)San Antonio.

Question 56

Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World?

A)beans
B)corn
C)potatoes
D)squash
E)wheat

Question 57

Food crops exported from the Americas:

A)were more valuable to Europeans than gold or silver.
B)allowed a population explosion.
C)included the meat of cattle and pigs.
D)made Spain the most powerful nation in Europe.
E)included commodities like rice and wheat previously unknown in Europe.

Question 58

The encomienda system:

A)kept the Portuguese out of Mexico.
B)allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages.
C)benefited the Native American populations of Spanish America.
D)allowed Mayan and Incan leaders to become very wealthy through the labor of their people.
E)was replicated by the English in their later New World colonies.

Question 59

The Spanish Armada:

A)attempted to invade England.
B)was a treasure fleet attacked by the English.
C)was destroyed by a storm before it left Spain.
D)caused Spain to give up New World colonization as a result of its defeat.
E)broke English naval power for a century.

Question 60

After the arrival of Europeans,the greatest number of Indians died as a result of:

A)depression.
B)starvation.
C)battle.
D)disease.
E)enslavement.

Question 61

Explain the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the settlement of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Christopher Columbus

A)conquered the Incan Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe,but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa María
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 63

Explain the various factors of the European Renaissance that prompted and promoted the exploration and settlement of the New World.

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Hernando de Soto

A)conquered the Incan Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe,but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa María
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 65

Describe the development of Spanish rule over its territory in America.

Question 66

Describe the various challenges to the Spanish Empire.

Question 67

Discuss the impact of horses on the Great Plains.Be sure to include short-term as well as long-term consequences.

Question 68

Explain the origins of the American Indians and compare the general cultures that they developed in South,North,and Central America.

Question 69

A major reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was:

A)storms in the North Sea.
B)Queen Elizabeth's brilliance as a naval strategist.
C)the incompetence of the Spanish captains.
D)the greater size of the English vessels.
E)inaccurate Spanish maps and compasses.

Question 70

In 1600,which European nation seemed to have the best chance at eventually controlling what is now the United States? Why?

Question 71

Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World?

A)England
B)France
C)Holland
D)Spain
E)Portugal

Question 72

The explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert:

A)was lost at sea.
B)founded the Roanoke colony.
C)became a notorious pirate.
D)married Queen Elizabeth.
E)was an English captain hired by the French.

Question 73

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
John Calvin

A)conquered the Incan Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe,but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa María
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 74

Describe the great biological exchange between the Old and New Worlds.Discuss what each world gained from the other.

Question 75

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Jacques Cartier

A)conquered the Incan Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe,but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa María
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 76

The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island resulted in:

A)a severe blow to Spanish power.
B)a permanent English presence in North America.
C)a severe blow to English power.
D)the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh.
E)the disappearance of the colonists.

Question 77

The Spanish Empire began a precipitous decline because:

A)its citizens failed to pay taxes.
B)it focused on the well-being of natives.
C)it could never compete militarily with England.
D)it became overly dependent on extraction of wealth.
E)the Roman Catholic Church required the nation to adhere to a vow of poverty.

Question 78

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Sir Humphrey Gilbert

A)conquered the Incan Empire
B)wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
C)led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe,but was killed in the Philippines
D)began the Protestant Reformation
E)was the captain of the Santa María
F)led the first French effort to colonize the New World
G)defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588
H)explored what is now the southeastern United States
I)a priest who advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives
J)founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island

Question 79

Discuss the voyages of Columbus.What motivated him,and what did he accomplish on each trip? How did his men treat the natives they encountered?

Question 80

The title of this chapter is "The Collision of Cultures." In what ways is this phrase an accurate assessment of the early relationship between the Old World and the New World?